Micrococcal nuclease

Micrococcal nuclease (EC 3.1.31.1, S7 Nuclease, MNase, spleen endonuclease, thermonuclease, nuclease T, micrococcal endonuclease, nuclease T', staphylococcal nuclease, spleen phosphodiesterase, Staphylococcus aureus nuclease, Staphylococcus aureus nuclease B, ribonucleate (deoxynucleate) 3'-nucleotidohydrolase) is an endo-exonuclease that preferentially digests single-stranded nucleic acids. The rate of cleavage is 30 times greater at the 5' side of A or T than at G or C and results in the production of mononucleotides and oligonucleotides with terminal 3'-phosphates. The enzyme is also active against double-stranded DNA and RNA and all sequences will be ultimately cleaved.

Micrococcal nuclease
Ribbon schematic of micrococcal nuclease 3D structure, with Ca2+ and TdtP inhibitor
Identifiers
EC number3.1.31.1
CAS number9013-53-0
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Thermonuclease
Identifiers
OrganismStaphylococcus aureus
Symbolnuc
UniProtP00644
Staphylococcal nuclease
Identifiers
Symbol?
PfamPF00565
Pfam clanCL0049
InterProIPR016071
PROSITEPDOC00865
CATH1tt2
SCOP21tt2 / SCOPe / SUPFAM

Characteristics

The enzyme has a molecular weight of 16.9kDa.

The pH optimum is reported as 9.2. The enzyme activity is strictly dependent on Ca2+ and the pH optimum varies according to Ca2+ concentration.[1] The enzyme is therefore easily inactivated by EGTA.

Sources

This enzyme is the extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus. Two strains, V8 and Foggi, yield almost identical enzymes.[2] A common source is E.coli cells carrying a cloned nuc gene encoding Staphylococcus aureus extracellular nuclease (micrococcal nuclease).

Structure

The 3-dimensional structure of micrococcal nuclease (then called Staphyloccal nuclease) was solved very early in the history of protein crystallography, in 1969,[3] deposited as now-obsolete Protein Data Bank file 1SNS. Higher-resolution, more recent crystal structures are available for the apo form as Protein Data Bank file 1SNO: and for the thymidine-diphosphate-inhibited form as Protein Data Bank file 3H6M: or 1SNC: . As seen in the ribbon diagram above, the nuclease molecule has 3 long alpha helices and a 5-stranded, barrel-shaped beta sheet, in an arrangement known as the OB-fold (for oligonucleotide-binding fold) as classified in the SCOP database.

Applications

References
  1. Heins JN, Suriano JR, Taniuchi H, Anfinsen CB (1967). "Characterization of a nuclease produced by Staphylococcus aureus". J. Biol. Chem. 242 (5): 1016–20. PMID 6020427.
  2. Cusumano CL, Taniuchi H, Anfinsen CB (1968). "Staphylococcal nuclease (Foggi strain). I. Order of cyanogen bromide fragments and a "fourth" histidine residue". J. Biol. Chem. 243 (18): 4769–77. PMID 5687719.
  3. Arnone A, Bier J, et al. (1971). "A High Resolution Structure of an Inhibitor Complex of the Extracellular Nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus: I. Experimental Procedures and Chain Tracing". J. Biol. Chem. 246 (7): 2303–2316. PMID 5555571.
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