Organ system

An organ system is a group of organs that work together as a biological system to perform one or more functions. Each organ does a particular job in the body, and is made up of distinct tissues.

The nervous system in its place in the body

Organs systems and their functions

There are 12 distinct organ systems in human beings,[1] which form the basis of anatomy. Other animals have similar organ systems, although simpler animals may have fewer organs in an organ system or even fewer organ systems. Plants too have organs, such as flowers and leaves, and these are grouped into organ systems as well.

Organ SystemDescriptionComponent Organs
Respiratory systembreathing: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxidehuman nose, human mouth, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and thoracic diaphragm.
Digestive system /excretory systemdigestion: breakdown and absorption of nutrients, excretion of solid wasteshuman teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Circulatory system /cardiovascular/vascularcirculate blood in order to transport nutrients, waste, hormones, O2, CO2, and aid in maintaining pH and temperatureblood, heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
Urinary system /Renal/urinary tractmaintain fluid and electrolyte balance, purify blood and excrete liquid waste (urine)kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
Integumentary systemexterior protection of body and thermal regulationskin, hair, exocrine glands, fat, and nails
Skeletal systemstructural support and protection, production of blood cellsbones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons.
Muscular systemmovement of body, production of heatskeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscle
Endocrine systemcommunication within the body using hormones made by endocrine glandshypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, ovaries, testes
Lymphatic systemreturn lymph to blood stream, aid immune responses, form white blood cellslymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils, spleen, thymus
Nervous systemsensing and processing information, controlling body activitiesbrain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs and the following sensory systems (nervous sub-systems): visual system, Olfactory system, taste (gustatory system), hearing (auditory system)
Reproductive systemsex organs involved in reproductionovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, penis, testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate

Notes

There are other systems in the body that are not organ systems. For example, the Immune system protects the organism from infection, but it is not an organ system as it is not composed of organs.

Some organs are in more than one system. For example, the nose is in both the respiratory system and also is a sensory organ in the nervous system. The testes and ovary are both part of the reproductive systems and endocrine systems.

See Also

References
  1. Wakim, Suzanne; Grewal, Mandeep (August 8, 2020). "Human Organs and Organ Systems". Retrieved October 7, 2020.
This article is part of a series on the
Development of organ systems
Nervous system
Digestive system
Reproductive system
Urinary system
Endocrine system
Human development
Circulatory system
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