Panshanger

Panshanger was a large country house located between the outer edge of Hertford and Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, England.

Panshanger House in 1868

History
Panshanger Great Oak

Earl Cowper, who later became Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, acquired the Cole Green estate c. 1700.[1] He remodelled the estate in 1704 and made alterations to the house in 1711.[2] The 5th Earl Cowper commissioned Samuel Wyatt and then William Atkinson to design a new house in a slightly different location in Regency-Gothic style; construction work started on site in 1806.[2] The park was landscaped with advice from Humphry Repton,[2] starting in 1799.[3] Following the death of the 7th Earl Cowper in 1905, the estate was inherited by Ethel Grenfell, Baroness Desborough[4] and, after she died in 1952 with no heir, the estate was sold in lots by auction the following year, but there was no interest in the house itself and it was demolished between 1953 and 1954.[3] A large portion of the outlying farms forming part of the estate had been sold by auction on 30 May 1919.[5]

Panshanger orangery

The park contains the largest maiden (not pollarded) oak in the country, with a circumference of 7.6 metres. It is believed to have been planted by Queen Elizabeth I. Acorns from the tree have been used as seedlings for notable oaks in other parts of the country, such as the Prince Consort Oak in the Forest of Dean. Winston Churchill planted a sapling from the tree in the park and the tree can still be seen in the grounds.[6]

Panshanger Park and nature reserve
Geese at Panshanger nature reserve

Panshanger Park is owned by Tarmac Holdings which extracts sand and gravel from the site. Although Panshanger House was demolished, the orangery, nursery garden wall, stables, and a number of cottages and estate buildings remain,[7] all of which are listed by English Heritage.[3]

The eastern end has been open since 31 March 2014 as a 1,000 acre country park and nature reserve - with 200 acres open to the public. The park consists of wetlands, grasslands and reedbeds which serve as a home for a wide variety of damselfly and dragonfly species.[8] The park is also home to kingfishers, waterfowl and osprey.[9] The rest of the site will be opened as gravel extraction is completed.[10]

Panshanger district

The Panshanger district of Welwyn Garden City, and the nearby Panshanger Aerodrome, are named after the Panshanger estate. However, Panshanger Park does not lie within the Panshanger ward of Welwyn Garden City, nor indeed any part of Welwyn Garden City. It actually lies within the parishes of Hertford and Hertingfordbury.[3]

References
  1. Robinson, p. 157
  2. Robinson, p. 158
  3. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1000916)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
  4. "Ethel Anne Priscilla Grenfell, Lady Desborough". National Archives. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  5. Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies
  6. "Panshanger Great Oak". The Chilterns. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
  7. "England's Lost Country Houses | Panshanger". Lh.matthewbeckett.com. 1919-05-30. Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
  8. "Panshanger Park". Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  9. "Interesting facts". Tarmac. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  10. "Panshanger Park". Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust. Retrieved 16 September 2015.

Sources
  • Robinson, John, Felling the Ancient Oaks, Aurum Press, 2011, ISBN 978-1845136703

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