Prince Guo

Prince Guo of the First Rank (Manchu: ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠨ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠯᡳ
ᠴᡳᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ; hošoi kengse cin wang), or simply Prince Guo, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). As the Prince Guo peerage was not awarded "iron-cap" status, this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank vis-à-vis that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a feng'en fuguo gong except under special circumstances.

Prince Guo of the First Rank
Traditional Chinese和碩果親王
Simplified Chinese和硕果亲王

The first bearer of the title was Yunli (1697–1738), the 17th son of the Kangxi Emperor. In 1723, he was awarded the status of a junwang (prince of the second rank) by his fourth brother, the Yongzheng Emperor, who succeeded their father. Yunli was known as "Prince Guo of the Second Rank". In 1728, he was promoted to a qinwang (prince of the first rank), hence he was known as "Prince Guo of the First Rank". The title was passed down over eight generations and was held by ten persons.

Members of the Prince Guo peerage
Yunli (1697–1738), the first Prince Guo
  • Yunli (1st), the Kangxi Emperor's 17th son, was a second-rank prince from 1723 to 1728, promoted to qinwang in 1728, posthumously honoured as Prince Guo Yi of the First Rank (果毅親王)
    • Adoptive son: Hongyan (弘曕; 1733–1765; 2nd), the Yongzheng Emperor's sixth son, adopted as Yunli's son & heir, initially a first-rank prince from 1738 to 1763, demoted to a beile in 1763 but promoted to a second-rank prince in 1765, posthumously honoured as Prince Guo Gong of the Second Rank (果恭郡王)
      • 1st son: Yongtu (永瑹; 1752–1789; 3rd), held a second-rank prince title from 1765 to 1789, posthumously honoured as Prince Guo Jian of the Second Rank (果簡郡王)
        • 1st son: Miancong (綿從; 1772–1791; 4th), Yongtu's eldest son, held the status of a beile from 1790 to 1791
      • 2nd son: Yongcan (永璨; 1753–1810), held the title of a first class defender general from 1775 to 1800
        • 1st son: Mianlü (綿律; 1774–1832; 5th), Yongcan's eldest son and Yongtu's adoptive son, held a beile title from 1791 to 1806, stripped of his title in 1806
          • 1st son: Yixiang (奕湘; 1796–1881; 7th), Mianlü's eldest son and Miancong's adoptive son, held the title of a grace defender duke from 1833 to 1872, awarded beizi status but not a beizi title in 1872, posthumously honoured as Grace Defender Duke Keshen (奉恩鎮國恪慎公)
            • 1st son: Zaikun (載坤; 1834–1890), held the title of a bulwark general from 1857 to 1876, his title stripped in 1876
              • Puzhen (溥鉁; 1885–1920)
                • 1st son: Yuting (毓鋌; b. 1919; 10th), Puzhen's eldest son and Puyan's adoptive son, held the title of a grace bulwark duke from 1918 to 1945
            • 3rd son: Zaizhuo (載卓; 1849–1907; 8th), held the title of a grace bulwark duke from 1881 to 1907
              • 1st son: Puyan (溥閻; 1884–1918; 9th), Zaizhuo's eldest son, held the title of a grace bulwark duke from 1907 to 1918
        • 3rd son: Miantong (綿㣚; 1783–1833; 6th), held a beizi title from 1806 to 1833

Family tree

Legend:

  •   - Title bearers
  •   - Emperors
adoption
Kangxi Emperor
417
Yongzheng EmperorYunli 1 允禮

1697 - 1738
Prince Guoyi 果毅親王
1728 – 1738
6
Hongyan 2 弘曕

1733 - 1765
Prince Guogong (of the Second Rank)
果恭郡王
1765
1
Yongtu 3 永瑹
1752 - 1789
Prince Guojian (of the Second Rank)
果簡郡王
1765 – 1789		Yongcan 永璨
1753 – 1810
First Class Defender General
一等鎮國將軍
1775 – 1800
113
Miancong 4 綿從
1772 – 1791
Beile 貝勒
1790 – 1791		Mianlü 5 綿律
1774 – 1832
Beile 貝勒
1791 – 1806
(title stripped)		Miantong 6 綿㣚
1783 – 1833
Beizi 貝子
1806 – 1833
11
Yixiang 7 奕湘
1796 – 1881
Grace Defender Duke Keshen acting Beizi
奉恩鎮國恪慎公 衔 貝子
1872 – 1881		Yiwen 奕雯
Second Class Defender General
二等鎮國將軍
1833 - 1862
131
Zaikun
載坤
1834 – 1890
Bulwark General 輔國將軍
1857 – 1876
(title stripped)		Zaizhuo 8 載卓
1849 – 1907
Grace Bulwark Duke 奉恩輔國公
(1881–1907)		Zaipin 載品
Third Class Defender General
三等鎮國將軍
1862 - 1904
11
Puzhen 溥鉁
1885 – 1920		Puyan 9 溥閻
1884 – 1918
Grace Bulwark Duke 奉恩輔國公
1907 – 1918		Putang 溥棠
Supporter General 奉國將軍
1905 - 1945
1
Yuting 10 毓鋌
b. 1919
Grace Bulwark Duke 奉恩輔國公
1919 – 1945

See also

References

  • Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao). Volume 220. China.
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