Prince Yu (豫)

Prince Yu of the First Rank (Manchu: ᡥᠣᡧᠣᡳ
ᡝᡵᡴᡝ
ᠴᡳᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ; hošoi erke cin wang), or simply Prince Yu, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). It was also one of the 12 "iron-cap" princely peerages in the Qing dynasty, which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded.

Prince Yu of the First Rank
Traditional Chinese和碩豫親王
Simplified Chinese和硕豫亲王
Prince Xin of the Second Rank
Traditional Chinese多羅信郡王
Simplified Chinese多罗信郡王

The first bearer of the title was Dodo (1614–1649), the 15th son of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. He was awarded the title in 1636 by his half-brother, Huangtaiji, who succeeded their father as the ruler of the Qing Empire. The peerage was renamed to Prince Xin of the First Rank (Prince Xin) when Dodo's son, Duoni (1636–1661), inherited his father's title in 1649. In 1652, the Shunzhi Emperor downgraded the peerage to Prince Xin of the Second Rank. In 1778, the Qianlong Emperor restored the peerage as "Prince Yu of the First Rank". The title was passed down over ten generations and was held by 14 people: nine as Prince Yu, and five as Prince Xin.

Members of the Prince Yu / Prince Xin peerage
Dodo (1614–1649), the first Prince Yu
  • Dodo (1st), Nurhaci's 15th son, held the title Prince Yu of the First Rank from 1636 to 1649, posthumously honoured as Prince Yu Tong of the First Rank (豫通親王)
    • Duoni (多尼; 1636 – 1661) (2nd), Dodo's second son, held the title Prince Yu of the First Rank from 1649 to 1651 before it was renamed to Prince Xin of the First Rank and downgraded to Prince Xin of the Second Rank in 1652, posthumously honoured as Prince Yu Xuanhe of the First Rank (豫宣和親王)
      • Ezha (鄂扎; d. 1702) (3rd), Duoni's second son, held the title Prince Xin of the Second Rank from 1661 to 1702, posthumously honoured as Prince Yu of the First Rank
        • Dezhao (德昭; d. 1762) (5th), Ezha's fifth son, held the title Prince Xin of the Second Rank from 1706 to 1762, posthumously honoured as Prince Yuque of the First Rank (豫慤親王)
          • Xiuling (修齡; 1749 – 1786) (7th), Dezhao's 15th son, held the title Prince Yu of the First Rank from 1778 to 1786, posthumously honoured as Prince Yu Liang of the First Rank (豫良親王)
            • Yufeng (裕豐; 1769 – 1833) (8th), Houling's second son, held the title Prince Yu of the First Rank from 1786 to 1814, stripped of his title in 1814
            • Yuxing (裕興; 1772 – 1829), Houling's third son, held the title Prince Yu of the First Rank from 1814 to 1820, stripped of his title in 1820
            • Yuquan (裕全; d. 1840), Houling's fifth son, held the title Prince Yu of the First Rank from 1820 to 1840, posthumously honoured as Prince Yu Hou of the First Rank (豫厚親王)
              • Yidao (義道; 1819 – 1868), Yuquan's son, held the title Prince Yu of the First Rank from 1841 to 1868, posthumously honoured as Prince Yu Shen of the First Rank (豫慎親王)
                • Benge (本格; 1846 – 1898), Yidao's son, held the title Prince Yu of the First Rank from 1868 to 1898, posthumously honoured as Prince Yu Cheng of the First Rank (豫誠親王)
          • Xingling (興齡; 1726 – 1775), Dezhao's son
            • Mingxiang'a (明祥阿; 1770 – 1814), Xingling's son
              • Enrui (恩瑞; 1797 – 1850), Mingxiang'a's son
                • Shengzhao (盛照; b. 1847), Enrui's son
                  • Maolin (懋林; 1892 – 1913), Shengzhao's son, adopted as Benge's son, held the title Prince Yu of the First Rank from 1899 to 1913
                    • Duanzhen (端鎮; 1909 – 1962), Maolin's son, held the title Prince Yu of the First Rank from 1913 to 1945
    • Dorbo (多爾博; 1643 – 1673), Dodo's fifth son
      • Su'erfa (蘇爾發; d. 1708), Duo'erbo's second son
        • Saile (塞勒; d. 1729), Su'erfa's eldest son
          • Gongyibu (功宜布; d. 1746), Saile's fifth son
            • Rusong (如松; d. 1770) (6th), Gongyibu's son, held the title Prince Xin of the Second Rank from 1762 to 1770, posthumously honoured as Prince Yuke of the First Rank (豫恪親王)
    • Dongge (董額; 1647 – 1706) (4th), Dodo's seventh son, held the title Prince Xin of the Second Rank from 1703 to 1706

Family tree

adoption
Dodo
多鐸
(1614–1649)
Prince Yutong
豫通親王
(1636–1649)
Duoni
多尼
(1636–1661)
Prince Yuxuanhe
豫宣和親王
(1649–1661)		Dorbo
多爾博
(1643–1673)		Dongge
董額
(1647–1706)
Prince Xin (of the Second Rank)
信郡王
(1703–1706)
Ezha
鄂扎
(died 1702)
Prince Yu
豫親王
(1661–1702)
(posthumously awarded)		Su'erfa
蘇爾發
(died 1708)
Dezhao
德昭
(died 1762)
Prince Yuque
豫慤親王
(1706–1762)		Saile
塞勒
(died 1729)
Xiuling
修齡
(1749–1786)
Prince Yuliang
豫良親王
(1778–1786)		Xingling
興齡
(1726–1775)		Gongyibu
功宜布
(died 1746)
Yufeng
裕豐
(1769–1833)
Prince Yu
豫親王
(1786–1814)
(stripped of his title)		Yuxing
裕興
(1772–1829)
Prince Yu
豫親王
(1814–1820)
(stripped of his title)		Yuquan
裕全
(died 1840)
Prince Yuhou
豫厚親王
(1820–1840)		Mingxiang'a
明祥阿
(1770–1814)		Rusong
如松
(died 1770)
Prince Yuke
豫恪親王
(1762–1770)
Yidao
義道
(1819–1868)
Prince Yushen
豫慎親王
(1841–1868)		Enrui
恩瑞
(1797–1850)
Benge
本格
(1846–1898)
Prince Yucheng
豫誠親王
(1868–1898)		Shengzhao
盛照
(1847–?)
Maolin
懋林
(1892–1913)
Prince Yu
豫親王
(1899–1913)
Duanzhen
端鎮
(1909–1962)
Prince Yu
豫親王
(1913–1945)

See also

References

  • Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao). Volume 218. China.
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