Public holidays in Bangladesh
Bangladesh has numerous public holidays, including national memorial, religious and secular holidays of Bengali origin. The Bengali traditional calendar, known as Banggabda is the national and official calendar in Bangladesh. The holidays are celebrated according to Bengali, Islamic or Gregorian calendars for religious and civil purposes, respectively. Religious festivals like Eid are celebrated according to the Islamic calendar whereas other national holidays are celebrated according to the Bengali and Gregorian calendar. While the Islamic calendar is based on the movement of the moon, it loses synchronization with the seasons, through seasonal drift. Therefore, some public holidays are subject to change every year based on the lunar calendar.
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There are fifteen public holidays in Bangladesh. Muslims and non-Muslims have four religious holidays each in addition to the secular seven national holidays. For the Muslims, four major Islamic holidays: Muharram, Mawlid, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha are observed. For the Hindus: Krishna Janmashtami and Durga Puja are celebrated. As for the Christians and Buddhists: Christmas and Vesak (one day each) are celebrated.
National holidays
| Standard calendar Date | Bengali Date (as revised 2019) |
Bengali name | English name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 February | 8 Falgun | শহীদ দিবস (Shôhid Dibôs) | Language Martyrs' Day International Mother Language Day |
Protests and sacrifices to protect Bengali as a national language during Bengali Language Movement of 1952. |
| 17 March | 2 Choitro | মুজিব জয়ন্তী (Mujib jaẏantī) | Mujib's Birthday & Children's Day | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman' Birthday, founder of Bangladesh and National Children's Day. |
| 26 March | 12 Choitro | স্বাধীনতা দিবস (Shadhinôta Dibôs) | Independence Day | Proclamation of Independence and the start of the Liberation War. |
| 14 April | 1 Boishakh | পহেলা বৈশাখ (Pôhela Bôishakh) | Bengali New Year's Day | The start of the Bengali calendar year. |
| 1 May | 18 Boishakh | মে দিবস (Me Dibôs) | May Day | International Workers' Solidarity Day |
| 15 August | 31 Srabon | জাতীয় শোক দিবস (Jatiyô shok dibôs) | National Mourning Day | Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |
| 16 December | 1 Poush | বিজয় দিবস (Bijôy Dibôs) | Victory Day | Surrender of Pakistan, ending of the Liberation War. |
Religious holidays
Islamic holidays
| Hijri date | Gregorian calendar date | Bengali name | English name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Muharram | আশুরা (Ashura) | Ashura | Death of the grandson of Muhammad | |
| 12 Rabi' al-awwal | ঈদে মিলাদুন্নবী (Īdē milādunnabī) | Eid-e-Miladun-Nabi | Birth of the Prophet Muhammad | |
| 1-3 Shawal | ঈদুল ফিতর (Īdul phitar) | Eid ul-Fitr | End of the month of Ramadan. (Festival of Fastbreaking) | |
| 10-12 Dhu al-Hijjah | ঈদুল আযহা (Īdul ājahā) | Eid ul-Adha | "Sacrifice Feast", the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son. |
Hindu holidays
| Bengali Date | Gregorian date | Bengali name | English name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X Bhadro | X August | জন্মাষ্টমী (Jônmashṭômi) | Krishna Janmashtami | The birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. |
| X Ashwin or X Kartiko | X September or X October | দুর্গা পূজা (Durga Puja) | Durga Puja | The battle of goddess Durga with the shape-shifting, deceptive and powerful buffalo demon Mahishasura, and her emerging victorious. |
Christian holidays
| Bengali Date | Gregorian date | Bengali name | English name | Commemorates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 Poush | 25 December | বড়দিন (Bôṛôdin) | Christmas Day | Jesus Christ's birthday. | ||||
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Buddhist holidays
| Bengali Date | Gregorian date | Bengali name | English name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X Boishakh or X Joishtho | X May or X June | বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা (Buddhô Purnima) | Buddha's Birthday | The birth of the Prince Siddhartha Gautama, later the Gautama Buddha and founder of Buddhism. |
Partial holidays or national days
| Date | Name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|
| 25 March | Genocide Remembrance Day | The Bengali Genocide of 1971.[1][2][3] |
| 21 November | Armed Forces Day[4] | The day in 1971, when the members of Army, Navy and Air force of the Bangladesh liberation war forces were fully operational and launched a coordinated offensive against the Pakistani Army.[5] |
| 14 December | Martyred Intellectuals Day[6] | 1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals by Pakistani forces and their collaborators during the 1971 Liberation War, particularly on 25 March and 14 December 1971.[7][8] |
Festivals in Bangladesh
References
- "PM slams Pakistan for propaganda about '71 genocide". The Daily Star. February 20, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
- "Declare March 25 as Genocide Day". The Daily Sun. February 17, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
- "Bangladesh declares March 25 as Genocide Day". NTV. March 11, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
- "Armed Forces Day being marked". www.dhakatribune.com. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
- "Govt will continue efforts to modernise armed forces: PM". Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha. November 20, 2002. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007.
- "Martyred Intellectuals Day observed in Bangladesh". dna. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
- Rahman, Syedur; Craig Baxter (2002). Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh. Scarecrow Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-8170945888.
- Muazzam Hussain Khan (2012), "Killing of Intellectuals", in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
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