Qingyang

Qingyang (simplified Chinese: 庆阳; traditional Chinese: 慶陽; pinyin: Qìngyáng) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Gansu province, China.

For other uses, see Qingyang County and Qingyang District.
Qingyang

庆阳市
Prefecture-level city
Location of Qingyang Prefecture within Gansu
Coordinates (Qingyang municipal government): 35°42′33″N 107°38′37″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGansu
County-level divisions1 district
7 counties
Township-level divisions3 subdistricts
36 towns
79 townships
1 ethnic township
Village-level divisions74 residential communities
1,254 villages
Municipal seatXifeng District
Area
 • Total27,119 km2 (10,471 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total2,211,191
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
745100
Area code(s)0934
ISO 3166 codeCN-GS-10
Licence plate prefixes甘M
Administrative division code621000
Websitewww.zgqingyang.gov.cn

Geography and climate

Qingyang is the easternmost prefecture-level division of Gansu and is thus sometimes referred to as "Longdong" (陇东). It forms an administrative peninsula, as it is surrounded, on all sides but the south, by Shaanxi and Ningxia. It is in the lower middle part of the Yellow River on the loess plateau and is within the eastern Gansu basin. Elevation ranges from 885 to 2082 meters above sea-level. There are 5 major rivers in Qingyang including the Malian (马莲河), Pu (蒲河), Hong (洪河), Xilang (四郎河), and Hulu or "Gourd" (葫芦河). Their combined annual flow is more than 800 million cubic meters. Bordering prefecture-level cities are:

Shaanxi:

Gansu:

Ningxia:

Qingyang has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb) with monsoonal influences. The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from −4.2 °C (24.4 °F) in January to 21.4 °C (70.5 °F) in July, with the annual mean standing at 9.20 °C (48.6 °F). The normal annual precipitation is 528 mm (20.8 in), with a two/thirds of it occurring from June to September, and winter seeing minimal precipitation.

Average temperatures for most of Qingyang's administrative area range between 7 and 10 °C. Annual precipitation is 480 to 660 mm and there are between 140~180 frost free days.

The area is 27,119 km2 (10,471 sq mi) with 200 km2 (77 sq mi) of forest and 530 km2 (200 sq mi) of grassland.

Climate data for Qingyang (Xifeng District, 1981–2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9)		 3.6
(38.5)		 9.2
(48.6)		 16.4
(61.5)		 21.3
(70.3)		 25.2
(77.4)		 26.5
(79.7)		 24.6
(76.3)		 19.8
(67.6)		 13.9
(57.0)		 7.9
(46.2)		 2.2
(36.0)		 14.3
(57.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.2
(24.4)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 3.9
(39.0)		 10.6
(51.1)		 15.7
(60.3)		 19.6
(67.3)		 21.4
(70.5)		 19.8
(67.6)		 15.2
(59.4)		 9.3
(48.7)		 2.9
(37.2)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 9.2
(48.6)
Average low °C (°F) −7.9
(17.8)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 5.9
(42.6)		 10.8
(51.4)		 14.8
(58.6)		 17.2
(63.0)		 16.0
(60.8)		 11.6
(52.9)		 5.7
(42.3)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 −6.2
(20.8)		 5.2
(41.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5.0
(0.20)		 8.0
(0.31)		 18.8
(0.74)		 31.6
(1.24)		 50.1
(1.97)		 65.7
(2.59)		 112.4
(4.43)		 99.8
(3.93)		 79.6
(3.13)		 41.0
(1.61)		 12.2
(0.48)		 3.7
(0.15)		 527.9
(20.78)
Average relative humidity (%) 53 55 56 52 56 61 70 76 76 71 61 54 62
Source: China Meteorological Administration[1]

History

Qingyang was part of the area where the earliest cultures along the Yellow River developed and was part of the heartland of the Qin state that would eventually unite China. It was also an important place in the communist revolution.

Meteor shower
Main article: 1490 Ch'ing-yang event

The Ch'ing-yang event of 1490 (also called the Ch'ing-yang or Chíing-yang meteor shower) is a presumed meteor shower that occurred in the Qingyang district in March or April or 1490 CE.[2][3] If a meteor shower did occur, it may have been the result of the breakup of an asteroid.

At least three surviving Chinese historical records describe a shower during which "stones fell like rain", killing more than 10,000 people. At least one report of the event is found in the Official History of the Ming Dynasty, and other journal records which describe the event are also generally considered reliable. But the official Ming Dynasty history omits the number of casualties, which has been frequently either doubted or discounted by present-day researchers.[2][4]

Due to the paucity of detailed information and the lack of surviving meteorites or other physical evidence, researchers have also been unable to definitively state the exact nature of the dramatic event,[5] even examining the possible occurrence of severe hail.[2] However Kevin Yau et al. of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory did note several similarities of the Ch'ing-yang meteor fall to the Tunguska event, which would have destroyed a highly populous district.[2][6]

One surviving account records:[2]

"Stones fell like rain in the Ch’ing-yang district. The larger ones were 4 to 5 catties (斤, about 1.5 kg), and the smaller ones were 2 to 3 catties (about 1 kg). Numerous stones rained in Ch'ing-yang. Their sizes were all different. The larger ones were like goose's eggs and the smaller ones were like water-chestnuts. More than 10,000 people were struck dead. All of the people in the city fled to other places."

Administration

Qingyang has 1 urban district, 7 counties, and 146 towns with a total population of 2,211,191 (2010),[7] only 310,000 of which are urban residents.

Map
# Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population (2004 est.) Area (km²) Density (/km²)
1 Xifeng District 西峰区 Xīfēng Qū 330,000 996 331
2 Qingcheng County 庆城县 Qìngchéng Xiàn 320,000 2,673 120
3 Huan County 环县 Huán Xiàn 340,000 9,236 37
4 Huachi County 华池县 Huáchí Xiàn 130,000 3,776 34
5 Heshui County 合水县 Héshuǐ Xiàn 170,000 2,976 57
6 Zhengning County 正宁县 Zhèngníng Xiàn 230,000 1,329 173
7 Ning County 宁县 Níng Xiàn 520,000 2,633 197
8 Zhenyuan County 镇原县 Zhènyuán Xiàn 510,000 3,500 146

Economy

In 2004 Qingyang's GDP was 8.014 Billion RMB, 11.6% growth over the previous year. Average annual urban income was 5130 RMB, rural was 1428 RMB. Petroleum and natural gas are the backbone of Qingyang's economy. Agricultural products include donkeys, Huan County sheep, cattle, Jin jujubes, milk, apricots and other fruits, vegetables, and berries. 69 different kinds of Chinese medicinal plants and herbs are collected or grown here, 25 of which are exported.

Transportation

Culture

Qingyang is famous for its rich folk culture. Traditional Chinese art forms such as shadow puppet theater, paper cuts (such as the Qingyang sachet), folk music, and songs are still part of Qingyang's culture.

References
  1. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-16.
  2. Yau, K., Weissman, P., & Yeomans, D. Meteorite Falls In China And Some Related Human Casualty Events, Meteoritics, Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 864-871, ISSN 0026-1114, bibliographic code: 1994Metic..29..864Y.
  3. Webb, Sterling K., Juhl, Robert A. Meteorite deaths in Qingyang (Ch'ing-yang) in 1490, MeteoriteCentral.com website as archived on Mail-Archive.com, January 1, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  4. Gritzner, C. Human Casualties in Impact Events, WGN Journal of the International Meteor Organization, pp. 222-226, bib. code: 1997JIMO...25..222G.
  5. Asteroid's close shave ranks among Earth's biggest hits (and misses), NBCNews.com website, February 14, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
  6. Lewis, John S. Rain of Iron and Ice: The Very Real Threat of Comet and Asteroid Bombardment, Basic Books, 1997, P. 170, ISBN 0201154943, ISBN 9780201154948.
  7. Main data bulletin of the sixth national census in 2010 Archived November 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, 2011-05-09(in Chinese)
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