Raul Julia
Raúl Rafael Juliá y Arcelay (March 9, 1940 – October 24, 1994) was a Puerto Rican actor who received international recognition.[1] Born in San Juan, Puerto Rico, he took an interest in acting while still in school and pursued the career upon completion of his studies. After performing locally for some time, he was convinced by entertainment personality Orson Bean to move and work in New York City.[2] Juliá, who had been bilingual since his childhood, soon gained interest in Broadway and Off-Broadway plays. He took over the role of Orson in the Off-Broadway hit Your Own Thing, a rock musical updating of Twelfth Night. He performed in mobile projects, including the Puerto Rican Traveling Theater.
Raul Julia | |
|---|---|
 Julia as Dracula (1977) | |
| Born | Raúl Rafael Juliá y Arcelay March 9, 1940 |
| Died | October 24, 1994 (aged 54) Manhasset, New York, U.S. |
| Resting place | Buxeda Cemetery, Cupey, San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1969–1994 |
| Spouse(s) | Magda Vasallo
(m. 1965; div. 1969)Merel Poloway
(m. 1976) |
| Children | 2 |
| Signature | |
 | |
Juliá was eventually noticed by producer Joseph Papp, who offered him work in the New York Shakespeare Festival.[2] After gaining visibility, he received roles in two television series, Love of Life and Sesame Street. In 1978, he famously starred alongside Meryl Streep in an electric revival of Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew at the Delacorte Theater.[3] In 1979, Juliá starred in the original Broadway production of Harold Pinter's Betrayal alongside Roy Scheider and Blythe Danner. For his performance in Two Gentlemen of Verona, he received a nomination for the Tony Award and won a Drama Desk Award. Between 1974 and 1982, Juliá received Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical nominations for Where's Charley?, The Threepenny Opera and Nine. In 1991, Juliá acted alongside Christopher Walken in a revival of Othello[4] and in 1994, he starred in Design for Living with Frank Langella and Jill Clayburgh.[5]
He is also known for his performances in films; his film debut came in 1971 acting alongside Al Pacino in The Panic in Needle Park. During the 1980s, he worked in several films; he received two nominations for the Golden Globe Awards, for his performances in Tempest and Kiss of the Spider Woman; he won the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor for the latter. He also appeared in Francis Ford Coppola's One from the Heart (1982), Sidney Lumet's The Morning After (1986), Romero (1989) and Clint Eastwood's The Rookie (1990). In 1991 and 1993, Julia portrayed Gomez Addams in two film adaptations of The Addams Family.[6] In 1994, he filmed The Burning Season and a film adaptation of the Street Fighter video games. The same year Juliá suffered several health afflictions, eventually dying after suffering a stroke. His funeral was held in Puerto Rico, attended by thousands. For his work in The Burning Season, Juliá won a posthumous Golden Globe Award, Primetime Emmy Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award.[7][8][9]
Early life and education
Juliá was born March 9, 1940, in Floral Park, (Hato Rey), a suburb of San Juan, to Olga Arcelay and Raúl Juliá. He was the oldest of four brothers, and sisters Maria Eugenia Juliá and Olga Maria Juliá.[1][10] His mother was a mezzo-soprano who sang in a church choir before marrying Juliá's father, who was an electrical engineer graduated from Tri-State University.[11] Juliá's brother, Rafa, died in a car accident when Juliá was 19 years old.[12] Some relatives were also musicians, including his great aunt María González, whom he credited as the inspiration behind his artistic career.[13] The family was Catholic.[10]
Raúl's father was the founder of "La Cueva del Chicken Inn", a restaurant in San Juan.[11] The building was originally a gas station and body shop, before being remodeled after a similar restaurant in Madrid, Spain, called "Las Cuevas de Luis Candelas", which is intended to mimic the structure of a gypsum cave. Juliá's father claimed that he brought pizza to Puerto Rico, after he hired an Italian cook in New York City that could prepare pizza.[11] The restaurant is also supposed to be the first to distribute chicken-in-a-basket within the archipelago, which Miriam Fitts helped him think of.[11]
Julá was enrolled in the Colegio Espíritu Santo in Hato Rey, a Catholic private school,[14] where most of the personnel spoke exclusively English.[13] There he participated in his first play in first grade, interpreting the devil, with his performance earning him participation in all subsequent school plays.[15] After witnessing Errol Flynn's performance in The Adventures of Robin Hood, he decided to pursue an acting career.
During his childhood, Juliá's family followed a strict Jesuit practice, often bringing homeless children into their household.[16] His mother received a recognition from the Catholic University of Ponce due to these efforts.[16]
By the seventh grade, Juliá was able to speak English fluently and had gained interest in the works of William Shakespeare. Juliá concluded his secondary education at Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola, where he would organize plays of Julius Caesar, Hamlet, King Lear, and The Tempest.[17] Seeking to please his parents, he continued his university education spending a year at Fordham University,[6] before returning to Puerto Rico, where he attended the University of Puerto Rico, becoming a member of Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity.[18]
Juliá continued acting in local plays and nightclubs.[17] He studied liberal arts, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree. Julia eventually realized that he had no interest in pursuing a law career, which was favored by his parents, choosing to act full-time despite having doubts if he could sustain his needs working as an actor.[17]
Acting career
New York Shakespeare Festival
Consequently, Juliá began performing in several plays that were held in San Juan. He performed in a re-staging of Macbeth, which was held in one of the municipality's colonial castles in order to emulate the setting of the work.[19] Other works included playing the role of Roderigo in Othello at a local drama production. Parallel to this, Juliá began making presentations at the Ted Mack Amateur Hour. After joining a musical group named the "Lamplighters", despite receiving opposition from his parents, he was recruited by Lillian Hurst to perform alongside her, eventually receiving work at a hotel named El Convento.[20]
During this time, he began considering the possibility of moving to Europe to take acting classes. During one of their acts, Juliá was approached by Orson Bean, who was on vacation in Puerto Rico, who provided him with contact information, wanting him to travel to New York and work there.[6][20] His parents were shocked by the proposal, but ultimately agreed to support his decision.[20] Juliá's departure was postponed after his younger brother, Rafael, died in a traffic collision. During this time, he became engaged to Magda Vasallo Molinelli.[21]
In 1964, when he was 24 years old, he traveled to New York, arriving in the middle of a winter storm. After establishing residence in Manhattan, Juliá had to do several odd jobs to pay for his expenses, going as far as receiving training on the proper way to sell pens for a distributor.[22] When Hurst visited him, both attended a Broadway play and the fact that he could work as an actor full-time surprised him.[23] As a result of this, Juliá began seeking employment in both Broadway and "Off-Broadway" plays. Seeking to further improve his acting, he took lessons from Wynn Handman, who was recommended by Bean; his class included future fellow star Christopher Walken.[24][23]
His first work was in a production of Pedro Calderón de la Barca's Life Is a Dream, where he played Astolfo. This allowed him to receive his Actors Equity card from Actors' Equity Association.[25] Initially, Juliá received allowance from his parents, but after contracting Jeff Hunter as manager, he was able to perform in a staging of Bye Bye Birdie, declining further donations.[25] He began performing with Phoebe Brand's mobile theatre, presenting plays in poor areas of New York. In 1965, he married Vasallo Molinelli.
In 1966, Juliá was cast for the role of Macduff in a Spanish version of Macbeth and performed in The Ox Cart, a stage play written by Puerto Rican playwright René Marqués.[26] Miriam Colón Valle, who also participated in La Carreta, established the Puerto Rican Traveling Theater, where he performed. In 1967, the founder of the New York Shakespeare Festival (NYSF), Joseph Papp, attended a performance at Delacorte Theater, where Juliá was reading patriotic Puerto Rican poetry.[27] Subsequently, Papp offered him the role of Demetrius in a staging of Titus Andronicus.[28] After this play concluded, he contacted Papp who offered him the job of stage manager in NYSF's Hamlet.[6] While performing this task, Juliá also performed in some of the plays.[29]
Broadway and television
In September 1968, after auditioning four times for the role, Juliá debuted in his first Broadway play, performing as Chan in a staging of The Cuban Thing.[30] The following year he was cast in a production of Arthur Kopit's Indians. During this timeframe, he divorced from Vasallo Molinelli. In 1970, Juliá received the role of Paco Montoya in The Castro Complex, receiving favorable reviews for his performance.[30] While rehearsing for an Off Broadway play, he met Merel Poloway, forming a relationship with her.[31]
As he gained prominence on Broadway, Juliá was cast in two television series, Love of Life and Sesame Street. He disliked his role in Love of Life and only appeared on the show for a brief time.[32] His Sesame Street characters, Rafael the Fix-It Man, was a recurring character during the show's third season. Rafael the Fix-It Man ran the Fix-It Shop with Emilio Delgado's character Luis, who debuted with Juliá on the show. Between 1971 and 1972, Juliá earned roles in The Organization, The Panic in Needle Park, and a film adaptation of Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up to Me.[32]
While working on Sesame Street, Papp contacted him and offered the role of Proteus in Two Gentlemen of Verona. For his performance in this play, Juliá received his first nomination for a Tony Award and won the 1972 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Performance.[32] In 1973, he interpreted Edmund in King Lear. This was followed by the role of Orlando in As You Like It.[33] Juliá noted that he cherished the roles he played in these Shakespeare plays, particularly the rhythm, music, and poetry present in them.[33] He also acted in Via Galactica's limited presentation on Broadway and, on television, played Dr. Greg Robinson, Jerry's brother, in the "Oh, Brother" episode of The Bob Newhart Show.
In 1974, he was cast in the lead role of Where's Charley?, playing Charley Wykeham. Julia received his second Tony Award nomination for his performance in this comedy.[33] He subsequently joined Erhard Seminars Training or "est", an organization that promotes self-motivation, by participating in its seminars.[34] In 1976, Julia played Mack the Knife in The Threepenny Opera, interpreting the dialogue with a marked British accent.[35] The performance earned him a third Tony Award nomination. He followed this performance with a turn as Italian car racer Franco Bertollini in The Gumball Rally.
That same year Juliá married Poloway in the Catskill Mountains.[36] The ceremony was led by Swami Muktananda as part of a spiritual retreat. The couple had met the Swami through Werner Erhard, founder of "est".[36] After this retreat, Erhard founded "The Hunger Project", claiming that after traveling to India, he felt motivated to found a non-profit organization to eliminate world hunger through philanthropic galas.[36] Juliá joined the initiative since its conception,[6] establishing a personal goal of raising one million dollars for the organization. In 1978, he accepted the lead role in Dracula, receiving a good reception for his interpretation of the character.[37]
While performing as Dracula, Julia also played Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew.[6] The interaction with co-star Meryl Streep was tense at first, before developing into a friendship as the production advanced.[37] Juliá then accepted a role in a film adaptation of The Tempest, spending several months in Italy while exploring its culture. While in the country, he received the script for Nine for which he would later receive his fourth Tony Award nomination.[6][38] In preparation for his role in Betrayal, Juliá moved to London temporarily, hiring a coach to adapt his accent to the English dialect.[39] Juliá would later use his English accent for most of his future films such as The Addams Family and Street Fighter.
Acting in Hollywood
In 1982, Juliá played Calibanos in Mazursky's Tempest and Ray in the musical One from the Heart.[40] In 1983, his first son with Poloway, Raúl Sigmund Juliá was born. That year he also starred in the public television film Overdrawn at the Memory Bank, which received a weak reception and was satirized on Mystery Science Theater 3000. After not appearing in a film for two years, Juliá played a political prisoner named Valentín in an adaptation of the Manuel Puig work Kiss of the Spider Woman.[40] His cellmate was a flamboyant homosexual (William Hurt), jailed for immoral behavior in Brazil, who passed the time by detailing scenes of his favorite romantic movie to him; slowly, the two form a bond based on mutual understanding and respect.[41] Considering that the script was unique, he agreed to begin filming before receiving his salary and traveled to South America, where he interviewed rebels and ex-prisoners to familiarize himself with their experiences and ideology.[42] Upon its release, the film was a commercial success. For his performance, Juliá received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award and won the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures award for best actor along with co-lead actor William Hurt.[43]
The following year, he appeared in his first Puerto Rican film, La Gran Fiesta, offering a monologue near the end of the film.[44] In 1985, he starred as Major Sergius Saranoff in an adaptation of Arms and the Man. This was followed by the role of David Suárez in the romantic comedy Compromising Positions. In 1986, Julia played a hairdresser named Joaquin Manero in The Morning After. To prepare for the role, he took lessons and worked at a hair salon for some time.[44]
In 1987, Juliá had the lead role in The Penitent. Later on that year, his second son with Poloway, Benjamín Rafael Juliá, was born.[45] In 1988, Julia played a corrupt official in Moon over Parador, which received negative reviews from critics.[46] The following year, he co-starred with Anthony Quinn in Onassis: The Richest Man in the World, a biographic film covering the life of Aristotle Onassis. In 1989, Juliá was cast as Archbishop Óscar Romero in the biographical movie, Romero.[6] During his life, Romero had been an advocate of human rights, often denouncing violations of these rights in public, which prompted his assassination during a mass. Juliá accepted the role based on its political nature, seeking to draw attention to the issues in that Central American region.[46] To prepare for the role, he read Romero's diary and autobiography as well as listening to or watching recordings of his messages and Masses, which prompted him to rejoin the Catholic Church. He and Poloway, who is Jewish, decided not to raise their children in a particular religion, believing that they should make their own decision after growing older. The government of El Salvador refused to allow distribution of the film because of its content, so that the film received only clandestine circulation.[47] Due to his activity between 1987 and 1989, Juliá was ranked first in the Variety article "List of Busiest Hollywood Actors".[45] Juliá then starred in the film adaptation of The Threepenny Opera, recreating the role of Macheath in the movie, which was renamed Mack the Knife for its American release.
In 1990, he was cast to play a lawyer in Presumed Innocent, receiving solid reviews for his performance.[48] Prior to the filming, Juliá spent time in courtrooms and studied the court system.[48] Also in 1990 he appeared opposite Robert Redford in Havana but chose to remain uncredited because the director, Sydney Pollack, refused to give him above the line credit. In 1991, when Joseph Papp died, Julia commented that the director was directly responsible for finding him roles besides that of "stereotypical Latinos" such as that of the "Latin lover".[49] Juliá was cast to play Gomez Addams in an adaptation of The Addams Family.[6] He was attracted to the role because of the character's irreverent portrayal, noting that "even his depressions are wonderful".[50] Since his earlier recollections of the role were those from the Spanish-dubbed version of the first television series, he had to adapt the role directly from the original cartoons drawn by Charles Addams, receiving a nomination for a Saturn Award.
In 1992, Juliá played the title role in a revival of Man of La Mancha with Sheena Easton, a Broadway musical adaptation of the Miguel de Cervantes novel, Don Quixote. The play had originated in 1965 with the main character played by Richard Kiley; one of his favorite actors, José Ferrer, had been considered for the title role at the time.[51] Juliá performed this role eight times per week. Subsequently, he reprised his role as Gomez Addams in Addams Family Values.[51] In 1994, Juliá played Chico Mendes in The Burning Season for HBO, for which he received solid reviews.[52] He familiarized himself with the role by analyzing interviews and footage from Mendes' Xapuri Rubber Tappers Union.[39]
Despite his poor health which began three years prior to his death, he completed The Burning Season and was eager to continue his plans to play M. Bison in Street Fighter, which was to be filmed in Australia in the autumn. Juliá felt that this film would allow him to spend more time with his children, who were fans of the video game franchise and helped him prepare for the role.[53] He received his second Saturn Award nomination for his performance, which was considered the high point of the otherwise poorly received motion picture. This would be his final role in a major film, with his last work being a supporting role in the television drama Down Came a Blackbird, which was filmed in Toronto, Ontario during September and October 1994. His poor health was apparent in these last three films because of substantial weight loss.
Illness and death
Juliá had battled stomach cancer for three years and had undergone surgery, when in early 1994, during the filming of The Burning Season in Mexico, he contracted food poisoning after consuming sushi.[54] Juliá was airlifted to a hospital in Los Angeles so he could receive medical attention, recovered and returned to Mexico to finish the film. He had lost some weight and was physically weakened by his condition.[55] On October 16, 1994, Juliá and Poloway attended the Metropolitan Opera in New York,[56] and afterwards, Juliá began feeling intense abdominal pain and was taken by ambulance to North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, Long Island. He was reviewing the script for his intended role in Desperado from his hospital bed, but his condition worsened.[56] On the night of October 20, Juliá suffered a stroke, fell into a coma and was put on life support.[57] Four days later, on October 24, 1994, Juliá died at the age of 54.[57][6]
In accordance with Juliá's instructions, his body was transported to Puerto Rico. A state funeral was held in San Juan on October 27, 1994, with Juliá being escorted to the building of the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, where a funeral ceremony was held.[58] The service was attended by thousands of Puerto Ricans, with plena being played in the background. The burial ceremony was also attended by thousands, with La Borinqueña being sung by Lucecita Benítez prior to the procession.[59] After stopping at San Ignacio de Loyola Church, the procession advanced to Buxeda Cemetery, where Rubén Berríos offered the final words. As Juliá's coffin was lowered, a load of carnations was dropped from a helicopter while the crowd shouted ¡Viva Puerto Rico Libre!.[60] Juliá was a lifelong supporter of the Puerto Rican independence movement; on one occasion, he convinced his agent to allow him to do an advertising campaign on behalf of the Puerto Rico Tourism Company.
Subsequent memorial ceremonies were held at Joseph Papp Public Theater in New York and in Los Angeles, where several actors and personalities, including Rubén Blades and Edward James Olmos, expressed their grief.[61] A church mass in Miami and numerous private ceremonies were also held. The staff of Universal Pictures paid homage to him by dedicating Street Fighter to his memory, adding the phrase "For Raúl. Vaya con Dios." in the film's ending credits. Juliá had been set to reprise his role as M. Bison in the video game version of the Street Fighter film, having already met with the production staff. The New York Shakespeare Festival paid to have an obituary in Variety, where his birth and death dates were accompanied by a quote from Shakespeare.[62] The Puerto Rican Traveling Theater established The Raúl Juliá Training Unit, giving free acting classes to young actors.
For his performance in The Burning Season, Julia was posthumously awarded a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a CableACE Award, and an Emmy Award. Although he did not make his screen debut before 1950, Juliá was a nominee for the American Film Institute's AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.[63] Actors such as Helen Hunt and Jimmy Smits have quoted him as a source of inspiration.[64][65] On November 21, 1994, Rudy Giuliani declared that date "Raul Juliá Day."[66] In 1996, he was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame on Broadway.[67] The Puerto Rican Chamber of Commerce created the Raúl Juliá Scholarship Fund in 1997, intended to provide college education for teenagers.[68]
Humanitarian work
During his life, Juliá continued the work that was done by his parents during his childhood, cooperating with social and educational activities. Due to this, he was named to the New York Council for the Humanities.[69] Among the targets of Juliá's charity work were initiatives directed towards youth. Concerned with rising levels of violence among teenagers, he sponsored script writing in high school students and supported young actions.[64] In order to promote other Latin American performers, Juliá actively lent his support to the Hispanic Organization of Latin Actors (HOLA) and co-founded Visiones Luminosas, an initiative to promote screenwriters.[70] He continued to work in the NYSF, but performed without receiving a salary.[67]
In a similar fashion, Juliá cooperated with independent filmmakers in Puerto Rico by acting in their productions for free or receiving a low salary.[69] This constant involvement with the Latin American community earned him a posthumous Hispanic Heritage Award.[71] Juliá also promoted interracial integration, being a member of Racial Harmony and serving as the chairman of the Joseph Papp Celebrity Coalition for Racial Harmony.[72]
As part of his work in The Hunger Project, Juliá donated food to a food bank once every month.[73] He also promoted the program on television and radio and served as narrator in bilingual videos. Juliá opened slots in his schedule to participate in multiple benefit galas on behalf of the organization.[73] Due to this work, the project gave him their Global Citizen Award. His involvement was also recognized in "Ending Hunger: An Idea Whose time Has Come".[73] On March 24, 1992, Juliá received the Courage of Conscience Award.[74] In 1994, the government of El Salvador recognized his activism for human rights, granting him the role of overseer in their general elections in representation of Freedom House.[75] During his visit to the country, he visited the tomb of Romero, subsequently describing his experience in a piece published in Freedom Review.
In recognition, the National Endowment for the Hispanic Arts offers the Raul Juliá Award for Excellence annually.[76] In 2002, actress Sandra Bullock was presented with the award.[77] She received it for her work as the executive producer of the George Lopez TV series, which offered work and exposition for Hispanic talent. In 2003, Daniel Rodríguez won the first Raúl Juliá Global Citizen Award from the Puerto Rico Family Institute based in New York, receiving the recognition due to charity work.[78]
Honors and legacy
- The Raúl Juliá Micro Society, a charter school located inside Public School 3 was named in honor of Juliá. The school is located in the Tremont neighborhood in the New York City borough of the Bronx.[79]
- The actor's training unit of the Puerto Rican Traveling Theater was renamed the Raúl Juliá Training Unit.
- The National Hispanic Foundation for the Arts (NHFA) honors outstanding entertainment personalities annually with their Raúl Juliá Award for Excellence. The award which recognizes individuals who have contributed to the growth and awareness of Latinos in the arts and media is awarded annually to many Hispanic and non-Hispanic personalities. Past winners include Cristina Saralegui (2010) and Sandra Bullock (2002).[80]
- In 2000, the Hispanic Organization of Latin Actors (HOLA) renamed its Founders Award the Raúl Juliá HOLA Founders Award.
- In 2019 he was the subject of an American Masters profile Raúl Juliá: The World’s a Stage on PBS.[2]
Work
Film
Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1971–1972 | Sesame Street | Rafael the Repairman | 4 episodes |
| 1974 | The Bob Newhart Show | Gregory Robinson | Episode: "Oh, Brother" |
| Great Performances | Edmund | Episode: "King Lear" | |
| 1975 | Death Scream | Detective Nick Rodriguez | Television films |
| 1984 | American Playhouse | Aram Fingal / Rick Blaine | Episode: "Overdrawn at the Memory Bank" |
| 1985 | Mussolini: The Untold Story | Count Galeazzo Ciano | Television film |
| 1986 | Florida Straits | Carlos Jayne[81] | |
| 1987 | The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory | Antonio López de Santa Anna | |
| 1988 | Onassis: The Richest Man in the World | Aristotle Onassis | |
| 1994 | The Burning Season | Francisco 'Chico' Mendes | Television film |
| 1995 | Down Came a Blackbird | Tomas Ramirez | Television film; shot in 1994; released posthumously |
Theatre
Other credits
- Bye, Bye Birdie (1963, Teatro Tapia)
- The Fourposter (1963, Teatro Tapia)
- The Happy Time (1963, Teatro Tapia)
- Macbeth (1963, Teatro Tapia)
- Othello (1963, Teatro Tapia)
- Life Is a Dream (1964, Astor Theatre) - New York debut
- La Carreta (1966, Greenwich Mews Theatre)
- No Exit (1967, Bouwerie Lane Theatre)
- The Hide and Seek Odyssey of Madelain Gimple (1968, Eugene O'Neill Theater Center)
- Paradise Gardens (1969, Fortune Theatre)
- Pinkville (1971, St. Clement's Church)
- Hamlet (1972, Delacorte Theatre)
Awards and nominations
Theatre Awards
| Year | Association | Category | Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | Tony Awards | Best Actor in a Musical | Two Gentlemen of Verona | Nominated |
| 1975 | Where's Charley? | Nominated | ||
| 1977 | The Threepenny Opera | Nominated | ||
| 1982 | Nine | Nominated | ||
| 1972 | Drama Desk Award | Outstanding Performance | Two Gentlemen of Verona | Won |
| 1975 | Outstanding Actor in a Musical | Where's Charley? | Nominated | |
| 1976 | The Threepenny Opera | Nominated | ||
Film and Television Awards
References
Notes
- Gussow, Mel (October 25, 1994). "Raul Juliá, Broadway and Hollywood Actor, Is Dead at 54". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 9, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
- "Raúl Juliá: The World's a Stage". American Masters. PBS. September 13, 2019. Archived from the original on September 16, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
- "Raúl Juliá and Meryl Streep Go Head-to-Head". PBS.org. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Raul Juliá - Timelines". PBS. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Design for Living - Broadway". IBDB.com. Archived from the original on May 12, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Raúl Juliá: The World's a Stage: Raúl Juliá – Timeline". American Masters. PBS. September 13, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
- "Widow Accepts Emmy for Late Raul Juliá". The Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Winners & Nominees - Raul Juliá". goldenglobes.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "THE ENVELOPE, PLEASE". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- Cruz et al., p. 13
- Cruz et al., p. 16
- Schulman, Michael. "The Blazing Path and Legacy of Raul Julia". The New Yorker. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
- Cruz et al., p. 18
- Raúl Juliá, un actor innato Archived April 13, 2014, at the Wayback Machine on El Nuevo Día; Pérez, Jorge L. (October 16, 2011)
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- "Capitulo Eterno". fisigmaalfa.org. Archived from the original on April 15, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- Cruz et al., p. 24
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- "Newtown Creek Clean-Up Efforts". The City Concealed. Thirteen (WNET.org). December 12, 2008. Archived from the original on July 5, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
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- Retrieved from Netflix: "Kiss of the Spider Woman" (1985)
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- "America's Greatest Legends: A compendium of the 500 stars nominated for top 50 "Greatest Screen Legends" status" (PDF). American Film Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 19, 2009. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
- Cruz et al., p. 98
- "Jimmy Smits asegura que el actor Raúl Juliá fue su inspiración" (in Spanish). Terra.com. June 5, 2009. Archived from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
- Cruz et al., p. 102
- Cruz et al., p. 103
- Cruz et al., p. 106
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- Cruz et al., p. 100
- Cruz et al., p. 105
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- Cruz et al., p. 95
- "The Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Recipients". The Peace Abbey Multi-Faith Retreat Center. Archived from the original on February 7, 2009. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
- Cruz et al., p. 96
- "H.R. 2818: To award a congressional gold medal to the family of the late Raul Julia". The Library of Congress. July 22, 2009. Archived from the original on November 2, 2004. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
- Donna Shor, Around Town Archived December 25, 2003, at the Wayback Machine Archived December 25, 2003, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Life Magazine, November 2002. Accessed 2008-08-29.
- Rita Charleston, ‘The Singing Policeman’ is on duty Archived August 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Archived August 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Northeast Times, July 2003. Accessed 2008-08-29.
- P.S. 3 Raúl Juliá Micro Society Archived October 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine from the New York City Board of Education
- Cristina Saralegui recibe premio por la Excelencia Raúl Juliá Archived September 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine from www.enelbrasero.com 10 September 2010
- John J. O'Connor (November 4, 1986). "TV Review; HBO's Florida Straits' with Raul Julia as star". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
- "Raul Julia: The World's a Stage". PBS. Archived from the original on February 9, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.
- "The Cuban Thing - Broadway". IBDB.com. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Raul Julia Broadway and Theatre Credits". BroadwayWorld.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "The Memorandum Original Off-Broadway Cast". BroadwayWorld.com. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Frank Gagliano's City Scene Off-Broadway Original Cast". BroadwayWorld.com. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Raul Julia -Broadway Cast & Staff". IBDB. Archived from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Stage: A 'Cherry Orchard' That Celebrates Genius". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "The Pleasantest 'Dracula' of Them All". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Raúl Juliá and Meryl Streep Go Head-to-Head". PBS.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Raúl Juliá – Timeline". PBS. Archived from the original on June 15, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Does 'Betrayal' Reveal a New Pinter?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Shakespeare shipwrecked by a 'Tempest' in New York's Central Park". csmonitor.com. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Revisit the Original Broadway Production of Nine on Its 37th Anniversary". Playbill.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "'Design for Living' lives again; 'Hurlyburly' is confused comedy; Design for Living". csmonitor.com. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Cheery revival of 'Arms and the Man.' Shaw's once-controversial satire on military pomp is still good fun". csmonitor.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "A Revival of 'Macbeth' with Raul Julia Opens Off-Broadway". The Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "'Othello,' Starring Raul Julia and Christopher Walken, Opens in Central Park". The Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
- "Man of La Mancha - Review". Variety. Archived from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
Bibliography
- Cruz, Bárbara C. (1998). Raúl Juliá: Actor and Humanitarian (1st ed.). New Jersey: Enslow Publishers. ISBN 0-7660-1040-6.
External links
- Raul Julia at IMDb
- Raul Julia at the Internet Broadway Database
- Raul Julia at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
- Raul Julia at the TCM Movie Database
- Raul Julia at Find a Grave
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