Jack Lemmon

John Uhler Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001) was an American actor and musician who was nominated for an Academy Award eight times, winning twice. He starred in over 60 films, such as Mister Roberts (1955, for which he won the year's Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor), Some Like It Hot (1959), The Apartment (1960), Days of Wine and Roses (1962), Irma la Douce (1963), The Great Race (1965), The Odd Couple (1968, and its sequel The Odd Couple II (1998), both with frequent co-star Walter Matthau), Save the Tiger (1973, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor), The China Syndrome (1979), Missing (1982), Long Day's Journey into Night (1987, for which he won a Golden Globe), and Glengarry Glen Ross (1992).

Jack Lemmon
Lemmon in 1968
Born
John Uhler Lemmon III

(1925-02-08)February 8, 1925
Newton, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedJune 27, 2001(2001-06-27) (aged 76)
Los Angeles, California
Resting placeWestwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery
EducationPhillips Academy Andover
Alma materHarvard University (1947)
OccupationActor, musician
Years active1949–2001
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)
​
​
(m. 1950; div. 1956)​

​
(m. 1962)​
Children2, including Chris Lemmon

Early life

Lemmon was born on February 8, 1925, in an elevator at Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Newton, Massachusetts.[1] He was the only child of Mildred Burgess (née LaRue; 1896–1967) and John Uhler Lemmon II (1893–1962),[2] president of the Doughnut Corporation of America.[3][4] John Uhler Lemmon II was of Irish heritage, and Jack Lemmon was raised Catholic.[5] His parents had a difficult marriage, and separated permanently when Lemmon was 18, but never divorced.[1][6] He attended John Ward Elementary School in Newton and the Rivers School in Weston, Massachusetts. Often unwell as a child, Lemmon had three significant operations on his ears before he turned 10.[7] He had spent two years in hospital by the time he turned 12.[8]

During his acceptance of his lifetime achievement award, he stated that he knew he wanted to be an actor from the age of eight. He began to act in school productions.[9] Lemmon attended Rivers Country Day School and Phillips Andover Academy (class of 1943), where he pursued track sports with success, and Harvard College (class of 1947), where he lived in Eliot House.[3][10] At Harvard, he was president of the Hasty Pudding Club and vice president of Dramatic and Delphic Clubs. Except for drama and music, however, he was an unexceptional student.[1]

Forbidden to act onstage, Lemmon broke Harvard rules to appear in roles using pseudonyms such as Timothy Orange.[11]

A member of the V-12 Navy College Training Program, Lemmon was commissioned by the United States Navy,[5] serving briefly as an ensign on the aircraft carrier USS Lake Champlain during World War II before returning to Harvard after completing his military service.[12] After graduation with a degree in War Service Sciences[13] in 1947,[14] he studied acting under coach Uta Hagen at HB Studio[15] in New York City.[5] He was also a pianist, who became devoted to the instrument aged 14 and learned to play by ear.[3][8] For about a year in New York City, he worked unpaid as a waiter and master of ceremonies at the Old Knick bar on Second Avenue.[1] He also played the piano at the venue.[16]

Career

1949–1965: Early years

Lemmon became a professional actor, working on radio and Broadway.[5] His film debut was a bit part as a plasterer in the film The Lady Takes a Sailor (1949),[17] but he was already appearing in television shows, which numbered about 400 from 1948 to 1953.[7]

Lemmon believed his stage career was about to take off when he was appearing on Broadway for the first time in a 1953 revival of the comedy Room Service, but the production closed after two weeks.[18] Despite this setback, he was spotted by talent scout Max Arnow, who was then working for Columbia, and Lemmon's focus shifted to films and Hollywood.[3] Columbia's head Harry Cohn wanted to change Lemmon's name, in case it was used to describe the quality of the actor's films, but he successfully resisted.[19]

His first role as a leading man was in the comedy It Should Happen to You (1954), which also featured the established Judy Holliday in the female lead. Bosley Crowther in his review for The New York Times described Lemmon as possessing "a warm and appealing personality. The screen should see more of him."[20] The two leads soon reunited in Phffft (also 1954).[21] Kim Novak had a secondary role as a brief love interest for Lemmon's character.[22] "If it wasn't for Judy, I'm not sure I would have concentrated on films", he told The Washington Post in 1986 saying early in his career he had a snobbish attitude towards films over the stage.[23] He managed to negotiate a contract with Columbia allowing him leeway to pursue other projects, some of the terms of which he said "nobody had gotten before".[24] He signed a seven-year contract, but ended up staying with Columbia for 10 years.[11] Lemmon's appearance as Ensign Pulver in Mister Roberts (1955), with James Cagney and Henry Fonda, for Warner Bros., gained Lemmon the Best Supporting Actor Oscar. Director John Ford decided to cast Lemmon after seeing his Columbia screen test, which had been directed by Richard Quine. At an impromptu meeting on the studio lot, Ford persuaded the actor to appear in the film, although Lemmon did not realize he was in conversation with Ford at the time.[7]

Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon in Some Like it Hot (1959)

In the military farce Operation Mad Ball (1957) set in a U.S. Army base in France after World War II, Lemmon played a calculating private.[22] He met comedian Ernie Kovacs, who co-starred, and they became close friends, appearing together in two subsequent films, as a warlock in Bell, Book and Candle (1958, a film he apparently disliked)[24] and It Happened to Jane (1959), all three under the direction of Richard Quine. Lemmon starred in six films directed by Quine.[11] The others were My Sister Eileen (1955), The Notorious Landlady (1962) and How to Murder Your Wife (1965).

Lemmon and MacLaine in The Apartment (1960)

Lemmon worked with director Billy Wilder on seven films. Their association began with the gender-bending comedy Some Like It Hot (1959), with Tony Curtis and Marilyn Monroe.[6] His role required him to perform 80% of the role in drag. People who knew his mother, Millie Lemmon, said he had mimicked her personality and even her hairstyle.[1] Critic Pauline Kael said he was "demoniacally funny" in the part.[3] The sequence of films with Wilder continued with The Apartment (1960) alongside Shirley MacLaine. The film received mixed reviews from critics at the time, although it has been re-evaluated as a classic today. It received 11 nominations, winning five Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director. Lemmon received Oscar nominations for his performances in Some Like it Hot and The Apartment. Lemmon reunited with MacLaine in Irma la Douce (1963). MacLaine, observing the director's relationship with his male lead, believed it amounted to "professional infatuation".[3]

Lemmon's first role in a film directed by Blake Edwards was in Days of Wine and Roses (1962) portraying Joe Clay, a young alcoholic businessman. The role, for which he was nominated for the Best Actor Oscar, was one of Lemmon's favorites. By this time, he had appeared in 15 comedies, a Western and an adventure film. "The movie people put a label attached to your big toe — 'light comedy' — and that's the only way they think of you", he commented in an interview during 1984. "I knew damn well I could play drama. Things changed following Days of Wine and Roses. That was as important a film as I've ever done."[3] Days of Wine and Roses was the first film where Lemmon was involved with production of the film via his Jalam production company.[25] Lemmon's association with Edwards continued with The Great Race (1965), which reunited him with Tony Curtis. His salary this time was $1 million, but the film did not return its large budget at the box office.[26] Variety, in its December 31, 1964, review, commented: "never has there been a villain so dastardly as Jack Lemmon".[27]

1966–1978: Mid-career

In 1966, Lemmon began the first of his many collaborations with actor Walter Matthau in Billy Wilder's The Fortune Cookie. The film has been described by the British film critic, Philip French as their "one truly great film".[28] Matthau went on to win an Academy Award for his performance in the film. Another nine films with them co-starring eventually followed, including The Odd Couple (1968), The Front Page (1974), and Buddy Buddy (1981).[7]

In 1967, Lemmon's production company Jalem produced the film Cool Hand Luke, which starred Paul Newman in the lead role.[8] The film was a box-office and critical success. Newman, in gratitude, offered him the role of the Sundance Kid in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, but Lemmon turned it down.[29]

The best-known Lemmon-Matthau film is The Odd Couple (1968), based on the Neil Simon play, with the lead characters being the mismatched Felix Unger (Lemmon) and Oscar Madison (Matthau), respectively neurotical and cynical.[30] The much-admired comedy Kotch (1971), the only film Lemmon directed,[8] starred Matthau, who was nominated for the Best Actor Oscar. The Out-of-Towners (1970) was another Neil Simon-scripted film in which Lemmon appeared.

Charlie Chaplin (right) receiving an Honorary Academy Award from Lemmon at the 44th Academy Awards in 1972

In 1972, at the 44th Academy Awards, Jack Lemmon presented the Honorary Academy Award to silent screen legend Charlie Chaplin.

Lemmon starred with Juliet Mills in Avanti! (1972) and appeared with Matthau in The Front Page (1974). Both films were directed by Wilder. He felt Lemmon had a natural tendency toward overacting that had to be tempered; Wilder's biography Nobody's Perfect quotes the director as saying, "Lemmon, I would describe him as a ham, a fine ham, and with ham you have to trim a little fat." Wilder, though, also once said: "Happiness is working with Jack Lemmon".[19]

Lemmon in Save the Tiger (1973) plays Harry Stoner, a businessman in the garment trade who finds someone to commit arson by burning down his warehouse to avoid bankruptcy.[3][8] The project was rejected by multiple studios, but Paramount was prepared to make the film if it were budgeted for only $1 million. Lemmon was so keen to play the part that he worked for union scale, then $165 a week.[18] The role was demanding; like the character, Lemmon came close to breaking point: "I started to crack as the character did," he recalled. "I just kept getting deeper and deeper into the character's despair."[7] For this film, Lemmon won the Best Actor Oscar. Having won the Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for Mister Roberts, he became the first actor to achieve that particular double, although Helen Hayes had achieved this feat three years earlier in the equivalent female categories.[3]

1979–2001: Later career

Lemmon was nominated for a Best Actor Oscar for his role in The China Syndrome (1979), for which he was also awarded Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival.[31] In Tribute, a stage drama first performed in 1979, he played a press agent who has cancer while trying to mend his relationship with his son. The Broadway production ran for 212 performances, but it gained mixed reviews. Nevertheless, Lemmon was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.[6] For his role in the 1980 film version, Lemmon gained another Oscar nomination.[32]

His final Oscar nomination was for Missing (1982), as a conservative father whose son has vanished in Chile during the period the country was under the rule of Augusto Pinochet; he won another Cannes award for his performance.[6] A contemporary failure was his last film with Billy Wilder, Buddy Buddy (1981). Lemmon's character attempts suicide in a hotel while a hitman (Matthau) in the next suite.[33] Another flop at the box office was his final film with Blake Edwards, another of his friends; in That's Life! (1986), he appeared in the director's self-autobiographical part with Edwards' wife, Julie Andrews. A seductress role was played by Lemmon's wife, Felicia Farr.[8] His later career is said to have been affected by other bad choices, such as Mass Appeal (1984), about a conservative Catholic priest, Macaroni (1985), a tale about old Army friends with Marcello Mastroianni, and That's Life.[11] Lemmon received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1988.

Lemmon was nominated for a Tony Award the second and last time for a revival of Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night in 1986;[34] Lemmon had taken the lead role of James Tyrone in a production directed by Jonathan Miller.[23] It had a London run in 1987, Lemmon's first theatre work in the city, and a television version followed. A return to London in 1989 for the antiwar play Veterans' Day, with Michael Gambon, was poorly received by critics, and following modest audiences, soon closed.[8][19] Lemmon also worked with Kevin Spacey in the films The Murder of Mary Phagan (1987), Dad (1989), and Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), as well as the production of Long Day's Journey into Night.

Lemmon and Matthau had small parts in Oliver Stone's film, JFK (1991), in which both men appeared without sharing screen time.[35] The duo reunited in Grumpy Old Men (1993). The film was a surprise hit. Later in the decade, they starred together in The Grass Harp (1995), Grumpier Old Men (1995), Out to Sea (1997), and The Odd Couple II (1998). While Grumpier Old Men grossed slightly more than its predecessor, The Odd Couple II was a box-office disappointment.[11]

In 1996, Lemmon was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Or Nonmusical Album for his narration on "Harry S Truman: A Journey To Independence".[36] Around the same time, Lemmon starred along with James Garner in the comedy My Fellow Americans (1996) as two feuding ex-presidents. The supporting cast included Dan Aykroyd and Lauren Bacall.

For his role in the William Friedkin-directed[7] version of Twelve Angry Men (1997), Lemmon was nominated for Best Actor in a Made-for-TV Movie in the 1998 Golden Globe Awards. The role was as the contentious juror, played in the original 1957 film version by Henry Fonda. Lemmon appeared in the remake with George C. Scott and reunited with him in another television film, this time Inherit the Wind (1999).[6]

Lemmon was a guest voice on The Simpsons episode "The Twisted World of Marge Simpson" (1997), as the owner of the pretzel business. For his role as Morrie Schwartz in his final television role, Tuesdays with Morrie (1999), Lemmon won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie. His final film role was uncredited: the narrator in Robert Redford's film The Legend of Bagger Vance.

Lifetime awards
Lemmon's star at the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Los Angeles, California July 19, 2012

In 1986, the U.S. National Board of Review of Motion Pictures gave Lemmon a "Career Achievement" Award;[37] two years later, the American Film Institute gave him its Lifetime Achievement Award in March 1988.[38] In 1995, Lemmon was awarded the inaugural Harvard Arts Medal.[39]

In 1996, Lemmon was awarded the Honorary Golden Bear award at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.[40]

Personal life

Lemmon was married twice. His first wife was actress Cynthia Stone, with whom he had a son, Chris Lemmon (born 1954), but the couple divorced over their incompatibility. He married his second wife, actress Felicia Farr, on August 17, 1962, in Paris while shooting Irma La Douce. The couple's daughter, Courtney, was born in 1966.[1] Farr had a daughter from her marriage to Lee Farr named Denise. Lemmon was a Catholic.[41] He was close friends with actors Tony Curtis and Kevin Spacey, among others.

His publicist Geraldine McInerney said, "I remember Jack once telling me he lived in terror his whole life that he’d never get another job. Here was one of America’s most established actors and yet he was without any confidence. It was like every job was going to be his last".[42] As the 1970s progressed, Lemmon increased his drinking to cope with stress. He was fined for Driving under the influence in 1976, finally quitting alcohol in the early 1980s.[8] On a 1998 episode of the television program Inside the Actors Studio, he stated that he was a recovering alcoholic.[5][43]

Lemmon was known as the "star" of the celebrity-packed, third-round telecast of the annual AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am, held at Pebble Beach Golf Links each February. Lemmon's packed gallery was there not only for his humor, but also to root him on in his lifelong quest to "make the cut" to round four, something he was never able to achieve. The amateur who helps his team most in the Pro-Am portion is annually awarded the Jack Lemmon Award.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Lemmon served on the advisory board of the National Student Film Institute.[44][45]

Jack Lemmon's grave in Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery

Lemmon was a registered Democrat.[8]

Death

On June 27, 2001, Lemmon died of bladder cancer at the age of 76.[3] He had suffered from the disease privately for two years before his death. His body was interred at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Westwood, California. (The graves of Marilyn Monroe, Walter Matthau, George C. Scott, and film director Billy Wilder lie in the same cemetery.) Lemmon's gravestone reads like a title screen from a film: "JACK LEMMON in".[46] Guests who attended the private ceremony included Billy Wilder, Shirley MacLaine, Kevin Spacey, Gregory Peck, Sidney Poitier, Kirk Douglas, Michael Douglas, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Frank Sinatra's widow Barbara and Walter Matthau's son Charlie.[47]

Filmography
Main article: Jack Lemmon filmography and discography

Awards and nominations
Academy Awards
Year Category Nominated Work Results Ref
1956 Best Supporting Actor Mister Roberts Won [48]
1960 Best Actor Some Like It Hot Nominated [48]
1961 The Apartment Nominated [48]
1963 Days of Wine and Roses Nominated [48]
1974 Save the Tiger Won [48]
1980 The China Syndrome Nominated [48]
1981 Tribute Nominated [48]
1983 Missing Nominated [48]
Golden Globes
Year Category Nominated Work Results Ref
1960 Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Some Like It Hot Won [49]
1961 The Apartment Won
1963 Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Days of Wine and Roses Nominated
1964 Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Under the Yum Yum Tree Nominated
Irma la Douce Nominated
1966 The Great Race Nominated
1968 The Odd Couple Nominated
1971 The Out-of-Towners Nominated
1973 Avanti! Won
1974 Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Save the Tiger Nominated
1975 Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy The Front Page Nominated
1980 The China Syndrome Nominated
1981 Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Tribute Nominated
1983 Missing Nominated
1988 Best Performance by an Actor in a Limited Series or Motion Picture Made for Television Long Day's Journey into Night Nominated
1989 The Murder of Mary Phagan Nominated
1990 Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Dad Nominated
1991 Cecil B. DeMille Award N/A Won
1994 Best Performance by an Actor in a Limited Series or Motion Picture Made for Television A Life in the Theatre Nominated
1998 12 Angry Men Nominated
2000 Tuesdays with Morrie Nominated
Inherit the Wind Won
Grammy Awards
Year Category Nominated Work Results Ref
1996 Best Spoken Word or Non-Musical Album Harry S Truman: A Journey To Independence Nominated [50]
The Kennedy Center Honors
Year Category Nominated Work Results Ref
1996 Kennedy Center Honoree N/A Won [51]
Online Film & Television Association Awards
Year Category Nominated Work Results Ref
1998 Best Actor in a Motion Picture or Miniseries 12 Angry Men Nominated [52]
2000 Tuesdays with Morrie Won [53]
2002 OFTA Hall of Fame – Acting N/A Won [54]
Primetime Emmy Awards
Year Category Nominated Work Results Ref
1972 Outstanding Single Program – Variety or Musical – Variety and Popular Music Jack Lemmon in 'S Wonderful, 'S Marvelous, 'S Gers Won [55]
1976 Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series The Entertainer Nominated
1988 Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Special The Murder of Mary Phagan Nominated
1998 Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Special 12 Angry Men Nominated
1999 Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Special Inherit the Wind Nominated
2000 Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie Tuesdays with Morrie Won
Screen Actors Guild Awards
Year Category Nominated Work Results Ref
1990 Lifetime Achievement Award N/A Won
1998 Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries 12 Angry Men Nominated [56]
2000 Tuesdays with Morrie Won [57]
Tony Awards
Year Category Nominated Work Results Ref
1979 Best Actor in a Play Tribute Nominated [58]
1986 Long Day's Journey into Night Nominated
Walk of Fame
Year Category Nominated Work Results Ref
1960 Motion Picture – 6357 Hollywood Blvd. N/A Won [59]

References
  1. "Jack Lemmon: Behind the Smile". The New York Times. July 12, 1981. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  2. "Jack Lemmon". Findagrave.com. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
  3. Harmetz, Aljean (June 29, 2001). "Jack Lemmon, Dark and Comic Actor, Dies at 76". The New York Times. Retrieved April 1, 2019. Jack Lemmon, the brash young American Everyman who evolved into the screen's grumpiest old Everyman during a movie career that lasted a half century, died on Wednesday at a hospital in Los Angeles. He was 76 years of age and was resident in Beverly Hills. The cause was complications from cancer, said a spokesman, Warren Cowan
  4. "Jack Lemmon Biography (1925–2001)". Filmreference.com. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
  5. Stated on Inside the Actors Studio, 1998
  6. Bernstein, Adam (June 29, 2001). "Actor Jack Lemmon Dies at 76". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  7. Krikorian, Greg (June 29, 2001). "Jack Lemmon, Everyman Star, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  8. Baxter, Brian (June 29, 2001). "Jack Lemmon". The Guardian. London. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  9. "Jack Lemmon Interview". Ability Magazine. May 2006. Retrieved August 3, 2012.
  10. Pepp, Jessica A. (February 24, 1995). "Jack Lemmon to Receive Arts Medal". The Harvard Crimson. Harvard University. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  11. "Jack Lemmon". The Daily Telegraph. London. June 29, 2001. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
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  13. "Jack Lemmon Obituary". CNN. June 28, 2001. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
  14. "Actor Jack Lemmon Honored by Glee Club, Hasty Pudding". Harvard University Gazette. Harvard University. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  15. HB Studio Alumni
  16. Wasser, Fred (June 10, 2011). "The Secret Musical Life Of Jack Lemmon". NPR. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  17. Tucker, David C. (2012). Eve Arden: A Chronicle of All Film, Television, Radio and Stage Performances. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 110. ISBN 9780786488100.
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  19. "Jack Lemmon". The Times. London. June 29, 2001. Retrieved April 1, 2019. (subscription required)
  20. Crowther, Bosley (January 16, 1954). "' It Should Happen to You,' Starring Judy Holliday, Is New Comedy at State". The New York Times. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  21. Brody, Richard (May 14, 2010). "Happen-Stance". The New Yorker. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  22. Lim, Dennis (June 7, 2009). "Jack Lemmon's earlier, lighter side". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  23. Richards, David (March 24, 1986). "Lemmon, With a New Twist". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  24. Shipman, David (1989). The Great Movie Stars: The International Years. London: Macdonald. p. 320.
  25. Stang, Joanne (August 29, 1965). "Jack Lemmon: They Loved Him in Moscow". The New York Times. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
  26. Shipman, p. 320-21
  27. "The Great Race". Variety. December 31, 1964. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  28. French, Philip (July 1, 2001). "The nicest actor on the lot". The Observer. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  29. A slice of Lemmon for extra character, Bob Flynn, Panorama, p. 7, Canberra Times, August 15, 1998
  30. Gatward, Hannah (February 8, 2018). "Jack Lemmon: 10 essential films". BFI Film Forever. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  31. Howard, Annie (May 9, 2016). "Cannes Winners Who Went on to the Oscars". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  32. Ebert, Roger (March 8, 1981). "Interview with Jack Lemmon". Roger Ebert. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  33. Axmaker, Sean. "Buddy, Buddy". TCM. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  34. "Jack Lemmon Tony Awards Info". www.broadwayworld.com. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  35. Natale, Richard (June 28, 2019). "Oscar winner Jack Lemmon dead at 76". Variety. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  36. "Jack Lemmon". GRAMMY.com. February 15, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  37. "1986 Award Winners". National Board of Review of Motion Pictures. 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  38. Turan, Kenneth (March 12, 1988). "Savouring the Sweetness of Lemmon". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  39. "Harvard Arts Medal". ofa.fas.harvard.edu. Harvard University Office for The Arts. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  40. "Berlinale: 1996 Prize Winners". berlinale.de. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
  41. Don Widener Lemmon: A Biography (1975), page 7
  42. McInerney, Geraldine. "Always a woman ahead of her time" (Interview). Interviewed by Jan Battles. RTÉ. Archived from the original on September 17, 2012.
  43. Meredith Blake (May 29, 2013). "James Lipton's 'Inside the Actors Studio' hits 250 on changing Bravo". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  44. Editor (June 10, 1994). National Student Film Institute/L.A: The Sixteenth Annual Los Angeles Student Film Festival. The Directors Guild Theatre. pp. 10–11.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  45. Editor (June 7, 1991). Los Angeles Student Film Institute: 13th Annual Student Film Festival. The Directors Guild Theatre. p. 3.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  46. "THE GRAVE OF JACK LEMMON". Seeing Stars in Hollywood. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  47. "Jack Lemmon laid to rest". BBC. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  48. "Academy Awards Search | Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences". awardsdatabase.oscars.org. Retrieved December 16, 2020. Type Jack Lemmon in query box.
  49. "Jack Lemmon". www.goldenglobes.com. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  50. "Jack Lemmon". GRAMMY.com. November 23, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  51. "Jack Lemmon". Kennedy Center. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  52. "2nd Annual TV Awards (1997–98) – Online Film & Television Association". Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  53. "4th Annual TV Awards (1999–2000) – Online Film & Television Association". Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  54. "Film Hall of Fame: Actors – Online Film & Television Association". Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  55. "Jack Lemmon". Television Academy. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  56. "The 4th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards | Screen Actors Guild Awards". www.sagawards.org. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  57. "The 6th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards | Screen Actors Guild Awards". www.sagawards.org. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  58. "Jack Lemmon Tony Awards Info". www.broadwayworld.com. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  59. "Jack Lemmon". Hollywood Walk of Fame. October 25, 2019. Retrieved December 16, 2020.

Sources
  • Lemmon, Chris (2006). A Twist of Lemmon: A Tribute to My Father. Chapel Hill, N.C.: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. ISBN 978-1-56512-480-6.
  • Baltake, Joe (1977). The Films of Jack Lemmon. Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-0560-5.
  • Freedland, Michael (2003). Some Like It Cool: The Charmed Life of Jack Lemmon. Robson Books. ISBN 978-1-86105-510-1.
  • Widener, Don (1975). Lemmon. Macmillan Books.
  • Wise, James. Stars in Blue: Movie Actors in America's Sea Services. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997. ISBN 1557509379 OCLC 36824724
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