Results breakdown of the 1983 Spanish local elections (Catalonia)

This is the results breakdown of the local elections held in Catalonia on 8 May 1983. The following tables show detailed results in the autonomous community's most populous municipalities, sorted alphabetically.[1][2][3]

Overall

Councillor share for parties securing >1.0% of councillors up for election.

  CiU (40.37%)
  PSC–PSOE (22.11%)
  AP–PDP–UL (5.48%)
  PSUC–UdPM (3.82%)
  ERC (1.86%)
  Other (26.36%)
Summary of the 8 May 1983 municipal election results in Catalonia
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Councillors
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 1,194,80140.45+13.30 1,839+894
Socialists' Party of Catalonia–Municipal Unity and Progress (PSC–UiPM) 1,176,96139.84+12.98 1,753+825
Socialists' PartyUnified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSUC) 17,8400.60+0.31 86+69
Convergence and Union (CiU) 754,19125.53+6.54 3,357+1,575
Convergence and Union (CiU) 753,36125.50+6.51 3,342+1,560
Aranese Democratic Party (PDA) 8300.03New 15+15
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia–Union of Municipal Progress (PSUC–UdPM) 340,06511.51–8.75 318–231
People's Coalition (APPDPUL)1 279,3229.46+8.24 456+438
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 84,9842.88–0.98 155–55
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 67,2102.28New 60+60
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 19,4280.66New 23+23
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 4,5090.15New 0±0
Independents for Deltebre (ID) 4,4230.15New 11+11
Left Nationalists (NE) 4,4150.15New 8+8
Municipal Unity 9 (UM9) 2,1310.07New 8+8
Unity for Progress (UpP) 1,7660.06+0.01 30+11
Candidacy for the Neighbors' Participation in the City Council (CPV) 1,6480.06–0.05 0–2
People's Unitary Candidacy of Arbucias (CUPA) 1,4940.05±0.00 7±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1,1940.04–0.03 0±0
United Left of Badalona (EUB) 1,0680.04New 0±0
Popular Struggle Coalition (CLP) 9990.03New 0±0
Democratic Municipal Action (AMD) 9630.03–0.07 21–24
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) 9460.03New 0±0
Communist MovementOrganization of Communist Left (MC–OEC) 9180.03–0.41 4+4
Others 170,3705.77 2,019–2,672
Blank ballots 17,2490.58+0.20
Total 2,954,094100.00 8,316+48
Valid votes 2,954,09498.51–0.87
Invalid votes 44,5511.49+0.87
Votes cast / turnout 2,998,64567.41+5.95
Abstentions 1,449,63532.59–5.95
Registered voters 4,448,280
Sources[1][2][4][5]
Popular vote
PSC–PSOE
40.45%
CiU
25.53%
PSUC–UdPM
11.51%
AP–PDP–UL
9.46%
ERC
2.88%
PCC
2.28%
Others
7.32%
Blank ballots
0.58%

City control

The following table lists party control in the most populous municipalities, including provincial capitals (shown in bold).[1][2] Gains for a party are displayed with the cell's background shaded in that party's colour.

Municipality Population Previous control New control
Badalona 231,175 Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)
Barcelona 1,771,998 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)
Cornellá 91,313 Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) (PSC–PSOE in 1985)
Gerona 65,586 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)
Hospitalet 291,066 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)
Lérida 109,397 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)
Mataró 98,589 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)
Reus 81,182 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)
Sabadell 189,147 Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC)
Sant Cugat del Vallès 32,076 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)
Santa Coloma de Gramanet 139,859 Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC)
Tarragona 112,238 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)
Tarrasa 164,218 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)

Municipalities

Badalona

Population: 231,175
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Badalona election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 39,09339.39+8.34 12+2
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 35,92636.20+1.31 11–1
Convergence and Union (CiU) 10,11810.19–0.53 3±0
People's Coalition (APPDPUL)1 6,2086.26+6.26 1+1
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 3,9473.98New 0±0
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 1,9731.99+0.14 0±0
United Left of Badalona (EUB) 1,0681.08New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 6450.65New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–8.64 0–2
Blank ballots 2690.27–0.04
Total 99,247 27±0
Valid votes 99,24799.20–0.28
Invalid votes 7990.80+0.28
Votes cast / turnout 100,04662.55+3.15
Abstentions 59,90937.45–3.15
Registered voters 159,955
Sources[1][2][6][7]

Barcelona

Population: 1,771,998
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Barcelona election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 412,99145.80+11.75 21+5
Convergence and Union (CiU) 246,78027.37+8.78 13+5
People's Coalition (APPDPUL)1 117,05212.98+9.98 6+6
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 62,4216.92–11.98 3–6
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 34,7773.86–1.37 0–2
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 9,6531.07New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 8,5180.94New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 2,6990.30New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1,1940.13New 0±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) 8640.10New 0±0
Popular Struggle Coalition (CLP) 8480.09New 0±0
Conservatives of Catalonia (CiC) 00.00New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–16.73 0–8
Blank ballots 3,8470.43+0.11
Total 901,644 43±0
Valid votes 901,64498.36–1.27
Invalid votes 15,0401.64+1.27
Votes cast / turnout 916,68467.42+13.15
Abstentions 442,90532.58–13.15
Registered voters 1,359,589
Sources[1][2][8][9][10]

Cornellá

Population: 91,313
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Cornellá election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 17,57642.44+10.40 11+2
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 16,31939.40–6.81 11–2
Convergence and Union (CiU) 2,9017.00+0.51 1±0
People's Coalition (APPDPUL) 2,4115.82New 1+1
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 2,1025.08New 1+1
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–7.28 0–2
Blank ballots 1070.26+0.04
Total 41,416 25±0
Valid votes 41,41698.69–0.78
Invalid votes 5511.31+0.78
Votes cast / turnout 41,96764.56+0.55
Abstentions 23,04035.44–0.55
Registered voters 65,007
Sources[1][2][11][12]

Gerona

Population: 65,586
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Gerona election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 16,55451.73+19.75 15+6
Convergence and Union (CiU) 7,20222.51–2.76 6–1
People's Coalition (APPDPUL) 3,77211.79New 3+3
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 1,8425.76–10.74 1–3
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 1,5704.91New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 5841.83New 0±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 3461.08New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–20.89 0–5
Blank ballots 1280.40+0.10
Total 31,998 25±0
Valid votes 31,99898.98–0.50
Invalid votes 3301.02+0.50
Votes cast / turnout 32,32869.69+5.20
Abstentions 14,05830.31–5.20
Registered voters 46,386
Sources[1][2][13][14]

Hospitalet

Population: 291,066
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Hospitalet election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 86,12864.69+23.60 20+8
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 16,83512.64–22.35 3–8
Convergence and Union (CiU) 11,4428.59+1.18 2±0
People's Coalition (APPDPUL)1 10,7278.06+8.06 2+2
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 3,3532.52New 0±0
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 2,0041.51New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 1,3200.99New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 5030.38New 0±0
Communist League (LC) 3870.29New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–8.93 0–2
Blank ballots 4400.33–0.01
Total 133,139 27±0
Valid votes 133,13998.18–1.32
Invalid votes 2,4631.82+1.32
Votes cast / turnout 135,60263.95+5.37
Abstentions 76,45536.05–5.37
Registered voters 212,057
Sources[1][2][15][16]

Lérida

Population: 109,397
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Lérida election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 25,67854.18+22.93 17+8
Convergence and Union (CiU) 7,89416.66+4.85 5+2
People's Coalition (APPDPUL)1 7,62216.08+13.59 5+5
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 1,8783.96–13.94 0–5
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 1,6593.50–3.73 0–2
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 1,3822.92New 0±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 1,0862.29New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–25.21 0–8
Blank ballots 1970.42+0.10
Total 47,396 27±0
Valid votes 47,39698.58–0.78
Invalid votes 6811.42+0.78
Votes cast / turnout 48,07761.10+8.67
Abstentions 30,60838.90–8.67
Registered voters 78,685
Sources[1][2][17][18]

Mataró

Population: 98,589
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Mataró election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 24,52351.64+20.28 15+7
Convergence and Union (CiU) 11,13323.45–2.36 6–1
People's Coalition (APPDPUL) 3,9748.37New 2+2
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 3,2726.89–20.05 2–5
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 2,0384.29+1.07 0±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 1,7203.62New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 6641.40New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–12.43 0–3
Blank ballots 1610.34+0.09
Total 47,485 25±0
Valid votes 47,48598.87–0.82
Invalid votes 5411.13+0.82
Votes cast / turnout 48,02669.94+4.22
Abstentions 20,63830.06–4.22
Registered voters 68,664
Sources[1][2][19][20]

Reus

Population: 81,182
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Reus election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 14,50643.47+12.21 12+3
Convergence and Union (CiU) 7,96223.86+2.60 6±0
People's Coalition (APPDPUL)1 4,54113.61+11.96 3+3
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 2,6858.05+0.01 2±0
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 2,3837.14–9.65 2–2
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 8322.49New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 3581.07New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–16.36 0–4
Blank ballots 1030.31+0.08
Total 33,370 25±0
Valid votes 33,37098.98–0.55
Invalid votes 3431.02+0.55
Votes cast / turnout 33,71355.79+2.08
Abstentions 26,71244.21–2.08
Registered voters 60,425
Sources[1][2][21][22]

Sabadell

Population: 189,147
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Sabadell election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 48,42651.33+7.81 15+2
Convergence and Union (CiU) 18,00219.08–0.45 5–1
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 16,40217.39–3.24 5–1
People's Coalition (APPDPUL) 6,2886.67New 2+2
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 2,8883.06New 0±0
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 1,6311.73+0.28 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 2910.31New 0±0
Popular Struggle Coalition (CLP) 1510.16New 0±0
Communist League (LC) 10.00New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–8.64 0–2
Blank ballots 2560.27+0.01
Total 94,336 27±0
Valid votes 94,33699.56–0.06
Invalid votes 4200.44+0.06
Votes cast / turnout 94,75670.08+3.17
Abstentions 40,45229.92–3.17
Registered voters 135,208
Sources[1][2][23][24]

Sant Cugat del Vallès

Population: 32,076
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Sant Cugat del Vallès election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 6,23041.38+11.18 10+3
Convergence and Union (CiU) 3,59523.88+1.65 6+1
People's Coalition (APPDPUL) 1,90112.63New 3+3
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 9666.42–13.00 1–3
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 7685.10–0.67 1±0
Union of Independents (UdI) 6214.13New 0±0
Progressives for Sant Cugat (PpSC) 3142.09New 0±0
Left Nationalists (NE) 3112.07New 0±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 2771.84New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–12.96 0–3
Independents for Sant Cugat (ISC) n/an/a–6.61 0–1
Blank ballots 710.47+0.26
Total 15,054 21±0
Valid votes 15,05499.19–0.48
Invalid votes 1230.81+0.48
Votes cast / turnout 15,17766.41+12.99
Abstentions 7,67633.59–12.99
Registered voters 22,853
Sources[1][2][25][26]

Santa Coloma de Gramanet

Population: 139,859
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Santa Coloma de Gramanet election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 27,44345.83+0.52 15+2
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 23,10638.59+2.43 12+1
Convergence and Union (CiU) 2,8044.68–1.97 0–2
People's Coalition (APPDPUL) 2,8044.68New 0±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 2,2323.73New 0±0
Communist Movement of Catalonia (MCC) 6171.03–0.98 0±0
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 4490.75New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 3170.53New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–5.61 0–1
Blank ballots 1070.18–0.03
Total 59,879 27n/a
Valid votes 59,87997.96–1.72
Invalid votes 1,2502.04+1.72
Votes cast / turnout 61,12963.71+1.82
Abstentions 34,81636.29–1.82
Registered voters 95,945
Sources[1][2][27][28]

Tarragona

Population: 112,238
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Tarragona election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 21,26743.52+17.64 14+6
Convergence and Union (CiU) 9,09018.60+4.32 6+2
People's Coalition (APPDPUL)1 8,45817.31+14.71 5+5
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 3,4677.09–14.58 2–4
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 2,2704.64–0.43 0–1
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 1,6603.40New 0±0
Candidacy for the Neighbors' Participation in the City Council (CPV) 1,6483.37–3.35 0–2
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 7991.63New 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–20.26 0–6
Blank ballots 2110.43+0.12
Total 48,870 27±0
Valid votes 48,87099.09–0.29
Invalid votes 4480.91+0.29
Votes cast / turnout 49,31863.73+7.05
Abstentions 28,06536.27–7.05
Registered voters 77,383
Sources[1][2][29][30]

Tarrasa

Population: 164,218
Summary of the 8 May 1983 City Council of Tarrasa election results
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 48,35760.97+30.30 18+8
Convergence and Union (CiU) 14,19517.90+2.90 5+1
People's Coalition (APPDPUL)1 6,5198.22+5.10 2+2
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 6,3578.02–22.41 2–7
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 2,2832.88New 0±0
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 1,3471.70–0.86 0±0
Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) n/an/a–14.29 0–4
Blank ballots 2550.32+0.05
Total 79,313 27±0
Valid votes 79,31399.13–0.56
Invalid votes 6960.87+0.56
Votes cast / turnout 80,00968.69+4.90
Abstentions 36,47431.31–4.90
Registered voters 116,483
Sources[1][2][31][32]

References

  1. "Eleccions municipals a Catalunya (1979 - 2019). Capitals de comarca i ciutats de més de 25.000 habitants". Historia Electoral.com (in Catalan). Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  2. "Catalunya : Eleccions Municipals (1979 - 2019)". Historia Electoral.com (in Catalan). Retrieved 24 December 2018.
  3. "Elecciones Municipales. 8 de mayo de 1983. Catalunya". eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 June 2019.
  4. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Catalonia". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  5. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Catalonia". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  6. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Badalona". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  7. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Badalona Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  8. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Barcelona". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  9. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Barcelona Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  10. "Eleccions municipals a Barcelona (1979 - 2015)". Historia Electoral.com (in Catalan). Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  11. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Cornellá". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  12. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Cornellá Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  13. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Gerona". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  14. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Gerona Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  15. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Hospitalet". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  16. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Hospitalet Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  17. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Lérida". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  18. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Lérida Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  19. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Mataró". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  20. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Mataró Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  21. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Reus". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  22. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Reus Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  23. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Sabadell". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  24. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Sabadell Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  25. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Sant Cugat del Vallès". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  26. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Sant Cugat del Vallès Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  27. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Santa Coloma de Gramanet". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  28. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Santa Coloma de Gramanet Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  29. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Tarragona". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  30. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Tarragona Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  31. "Election Results. Municipal Elections 1983. Tarrasa". Government of Catalonia (in Catalan). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  32. "Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1983. Tarrasa Municipality". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 November 2017.
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