1984 Catalan regional election
The 1984 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 29 April 1984, to elect the 2nd Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.
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All 135 seats in the Parliament of Catalonia 68 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Opinion polls | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Registered | 4,494,340  1.4% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 2,892,486 (64.4%)3.0 pp | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Constituency results map for the Parliament of Catalonia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Overview
Electoral system
The Parliament of Catalonia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Government.[1] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.
The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 3 percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold over three percent, depending on the district magnitude.[2] Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Gerona, Lérida and Tarragona. Each constituency was allocated a fixed number of seats: 85 for Barcelona, 17 for Gerona, 15 for Lérida and 18 for Tarragona.[1][3]
The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election—needing to secure, in any case, the signature of 500 electors—. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within fifteen days of the election being called.[4]
Election date
The term of the Parliament of Catalonia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The President of the Government was required to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 20 March 1980, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 20 March 1984. The election was required to be called no later than 5 March 1984, with it taking place on the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Friday, 4 May 1984.[1]
The Parliament of Catalonia could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament except in the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot. In such a case, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a snap election called.[3]
Parties and leaders
Below is a list of the main parties and coalitions which contested the election:
| Parties and coalitions | Ideology | Candidate | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Convergence and Union (CiU) | Centrism, Catalan autonomism | Jordi Pujol | |
| Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | Social democracy | Raimon Obiols | |
| Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) | Communism, Marxism-Leninism | Antoni Gutiérrez | |
| Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | Left-wing nationalism, Catalan regionalism | Heribert Barrera | |
| Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) | Communism, Marxism-Leninism | Pere Ardiaca | |
| People's Coalition (AP–PDP–UL) | Conservatism, Christian democracy | Eduard Bueno | |
Opinion polls
The tables below lists opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll.
- Voting intention estimates
The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. When available, seat projections are also displayed below (or in place of) the voting estimates in a smaller font; 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout |  |
 |
 |
 |
.svg.png.webp){kind=logo} |
 |
 |
EEC | .png.webp){kind=small} |
Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 regional election | 29 Apr 1984 | N/A | 64.4 | 46.8 72 |
30.1 41 |
5.6 6 |
– | 4.4 5 |
– | 7.7 11 |
1.2 0 |
– | 16.7 |
| Iope–Etmar/El Periódico[p 1] | 12–17 Apr 1984 | 2,300 | 66–72 | 42.3 64 |
30.6 42 |
5.3 5 |
– | 6.0 8 |
– | 11.3 16 |
– | – | 11.7 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[lower-alpha 2][p 2][p 3][p 4] | 11–13 Apr 1984 | 2,400 | 70 | 44.6 66/68 |
32.1 44/46 |
6.4 7/8 |
– | 4.6 6 |
– | 7.2 9/10 |
2.1 0/1 |
– | 12.5 |
| Metra Seis/El País[p 4][p 5][p 6] | 9–12 Apr 1984 | 2,700 | 64 | 36.9 56/58 |
32.0 43/45 |
8.6 9/11 |
– | 7.3 9/10 |
– | 9.9 13/14 |
– | – | 4.9 |
| Avui[p 7] | 3 Apr 1984 | ? | ? | 40.2 | 23.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16.6 |
| Aresco/ABC[p 8][p 9] | 9–12 Mar 1984 | 2,200 | ? | 41.0 61 |
29.1 42 |
6.9 6 |
– | 6.3 6 |
– | 13.9 20 |
– | – | 11.9 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[lower-alpha 2][p 4][p 10][p 11] | 21–23 Mar 1984 | 2,400 | ? | 33.7 51/54 |
38.8 49/52 |
8.2 9/11 |
– | 6.2 8/10 |
– | 8.8 12/13 |
– | – | 5.1 |
| 1983 local elections | 8 May 1983 | N/A | 67.4 | 25.5 | 40.4 | 11.5 | – | 2.9 | – | 9.5 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 14.9 |
| 1982 general election | 28 Oct 1982 | N/A | 80.8 | 22.5 35 |
45.8 68 |
4.6 5 |
2.0 1 |
4.0 5 |
0.2 0 |
14.7 21 |
0.9 0 |
2.0 0 |
23.3 |
| 1980 regional election | 20 Mar 1980 | N/A | 61.3 | 27.8 43 |
22.4 33 |
18.8 25 |
10.6 18 |
8.9 14 |
2.7 2 |
2.4* 0 |
1.7 0 |
– | 5.4 |
| (*) Results for Catalan Solidarity. | |||||||||||||
- Voting preferences
The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
EEC | |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} |
 |
Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 regional election | 29 Apr 1984 | N/A | 30.0 | 19.3 | 3.6 | – | 2.8 | – | 4.9 | 0.8 | – | N/A | 35.6 | 10.7 |
| CIS[p 12] | 23–25 Apr 1984 | 2,281 | 38.2 | 19.7 | 3.7 | – | 4.0 | – | 4.7 | – | – | 16.0 | 10.6 | 18.5 |
| CIS[p 13] | 15 Apr 1984 | 2,385 | 28.0 | 22.4 | 2.8 | – | 3.6 | – | 3.2 | – | – | 29.2 | 9.0 | 5.6 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 3][p 14] | 11–13 Apr 1984 | 2,400 | 27.9 | 20.1 | 4.0 | – | 2.9 | – | 4.5 | 1.3 | – | 24.8 | 10.6 | 7.8 |
| CIS[p 15] | 10 Apr 1984 | 1,044 | 28.0 | 26.0 | 5.0 | – | 3.0 | – | 6.0 | – | – | 24.0 | 6.0 | 2.0 |
| DYM/CIS[p 16] | 1 Apr 1984 | 2,271 | 26.5 | 20.9 | 3.6 | – | 2.9 | – | 3.6 | – | – | 35.9 | 4.6 | 5.6 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 10][p 11] | 21–23 Mar 1984 | 2,400 | 20.2 | 23.3 | 4.9 | – | 3.7 | – | 5.3 | – | – | 31.1 | 8.9 | 3.1 |
| CIS[p 17] | 1 Mar 1984 | 2,466 | 25.2 | 22.4 | 3.9 | – | 2.7 | – | 4.2 | – | – | 33.2 | 6.5 | 2.8 |
| Metra Seis/CIS[p 18] | 1 Jan 1984 | 2,101 | 27.0 | 22.0 | 5.0 | – | 2.0 | – | 4.0 | – | – | 31.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 |
| CIS[p 19] | 1 Nov 1983 | 1,680 | 24.0 | 27.0 | 5.0 | – | 4.0 | – | 6.0 | 1.0 | – | 26.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 |
| DYM/CIS[p 20] | 1 Sep 1983 | 2,198 | 19.3 | 35.7 | 5.0 | – | 3.4 | – | 3.2 | 0.6 | – | 22.8 | 8.7 | 16.4 |
| 1983 local elections | 8 May 1983 | N/A | 17.0 | 26.9 | 7.6 | – | 1.9 | – | 6.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | N/A | 32.6 | 9.9 |
| 1982 general election | 28 Oct 1982 | N/A | 17.9 | 36.5 | 3.7 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 0.2 | 11.7 | 0.7 | 1.6 | N/A | 19.2 | 18.6 |
| 1980 regional election | 20 Mar 1980 | N/A | 17.0 | 13.7 | 11.5 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 1.6 | 1.4* | 1.0 | – | N/A | 38.7 | 3.3 |
| (*) Results for Catalan Solidarity. | ||||||||||||||
- Victory likelihood
The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | |
|
|
|
|
Other/ None |
|
Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIS[p 12] | 23–25 Apr 1984 | 2,281 | 70.0 | 14.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 13.3 | 55.9 |
| CIS[p 13] | 15 Apr 1984 | 2,385 | 41.4 | 22.0 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 32.7 | 19.4 |
| CIS[p 15] | 10 Apr 1984 | 1,044 | 42.0 | 27.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | – | 25.0 | 15.0 |
| DYM/CIS[p 16] | 1 Apr 1984 | 2,271 | 42.1 | 22.7 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 29.7 | 19.4 |
| CIS[p 17] | 1 Mar 1984 | 2,466 | 41.3 | 19.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.6 | – | 35.0 | 22.0 |
| Metra Seis/CIS[p 18] | 1 Jan 1984 | 2,101 | 38.0 | 23.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 | – | 31.0 | 15.0 |
| CIS[p 19] | 1 Nov 1983 | 1,680 | 33.0 | 33.0 | – | – | – | 6.0 | 28.0 | Tie |
| DYM/CIS[p 20] | 1 Sep 1983 | 2,198 | 28.9 | 43.9 | – | – | – | 7.9 | 19.3 | 15.0 |
- Preferred President
The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become President of the Government of Catalonia.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | .jpg.webp){kind=small} |
.jpg.webp){kind=small} |
 |
|
|
Other/ None/ Not care |
|
Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pujol CiU |
Obiols PSC |
Gutiérrez PSUC |
Barrera ERC |
Bueno CP | ||||||
| CIS[p 12] | 23–25 Apr 1984 | 2,281 | 51.1 | 21.1 | 4.2 | 6.2 | 3.3 | 6.3 | 7.8 | 30.0 |
| CIS[p 13] | 15 Apr 1984 | 2,385 | 40.9 | 20.5 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 2.5 | – | 28.1 | 20.4 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 14] | 11–13 Apr 1984 | 2,400 | 36.9 | 25.5 | 9.1 | 10.3 | 6.3 | 11.9 | 11.4 | |
| Metra Seis/El País[p 6][p 21] | 9–12 Apr 1984 | 2,700 | 36.1 | 22.1 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 4.3 | 21.9 | 14.0 | |
| CIS[p 15] | 10 Apr 1984 | 1,044 | 37.0 | 26.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | – | 21.0 | 11.0 |
| DYM/CIS[p 16] | 1 Apr 1984 | 2,271 | 37.4 | 18.2 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 27.4 | 19.2 |
| Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 11] | 21–23 Mar 1984 | 2,400 | 30.8 | 22.0 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 22.9 | 8.8 | |
| CIS[p 17] | 1 Mar 1984 | 2,466 | 34.8 | 16.2 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 3.5 | – | 37.9 | 18.6 |
| Metra Seis/CIS[p 18] | 1 Jan 1984 | 2,101 | 50.0 | 26.0 | – | – | – | – | 23.0 | 24.0 |
| CIS[p 19] | 1 Nov 1983 | 1,680 | 34.0 | 19.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 | – | 32.0 | 15.0 |
| DYM/CIS[p 20] | 1 Sep 1983 | 2,198 | 32.1 | 16.5 | 6.1 | 8.7 | – | 1.5 | 35.1 | 15.6 |
Results
Overall
 | ||||||
| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| Convergence and Union (CiU) | 1,346,729 | 46.80 | +18.97 | 72 | +29 | |
| Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | 866,281 | 30.11 | +7.68 | 41 | +8 | |
| People's Coalition (AP–PDP–UL)1 | 221,601 | 7.70 | +5.33 | 11 | +11 | |
| Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) | 160,581 | 5.58 | –13.19 | 6 | –19 | |
| Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 126,943 | 4.41 | –4.49 | 5 | –9 | |
| Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC)2 | 68,836 | 2.39 | +2.09 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Agreement of the Catalan Left (EEC)3 | 35,937 | 1.25 | –0.41 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) | 8,714 | 0.30 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Social Democratic Party of Catalonia (PSDC) | 6,768 | 0.24 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 5,381 | 0.19 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) | 3,533 | 0.12 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE) | 2,694 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Workers' Party of Catalonia (PCOC) | 2,593 | 0.09 | –0.39 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) | 1,861 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) | 1,834 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Democratic Party (PDE) | 1,110 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Party of Lleida (PLL) | 856 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Unity of Aran–Aranese Nationalist Party (UA–PNA) | 787 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Movement of Catalonia (MCC)4 | 164 | 0.01 | –1.21 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Centrists of Catalonia (CC–UCD) | n/a | n/a | –10.61 | 0 | –18 | |
| Socialist Party of Andalusia–Andalusian Party (PSA–PA) | n/a | n/a | –2.66 | 0 | –2 | |
| Blank ballots | 14,313 | 0.49 | –0.17 | |||
| Total | 2,877,516 | 135 | ±0 | |||
| Valid votes | 2,877,516 | 99.48 | –0.02 | |||
| Invalid votes | 14,970 | 0.52 | +0.02 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 2,892,486 | 64.36 | +3.02 | |||
| Abstentions | 1,601,854 | 35.64 | –3.02 | |||
| Registered voters | 4,494,340 | |||||
| Sources[5][6] | ||||||
Distribution by constituency
| Constituency | CiU | PSC | CP | PSUC | ERC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | |
| Barcelona | 44.3 | 41 | 32.3 | 29 | 7.6 | 7 | 6.1 | 5 | 4.1 | 3 |
| Gerona | 59.6 | 11 | 21.5 | 4 | 5.6 | 1 | 3.2 | − | 6.1 | 1 |
| Lérida | 57.7 | 10 | 19.9 | 3 | 8.8 | 1 | 2.8 | − | 5.7 | 1 |
| Tarragona | 48.1 | 10 | 26.7 | 5 | 10.2 | 2 | 5.3 | 1 | 4.6 | − |
| Total | 46.8 | 72 | 30.1 | 41 | 7.7 | 11 | 5.6 | 6 | 4.4 | 5 |
| Sources[7][8][9][10][6] | ||||||||||
Aftermath
| Investiture Jordi Pujol (CDC) | ||
| Ballot → | 30 May 1984 | |
|---|---|---|
| Required majority → | 68 out of 135  | |
87 / 135 | ||
44 / 135 | ||
4 / 135 | ||
| Absentees | 0 / 135 | |
| Sources[6] | ||
Notes
- Data for SC in the 1980 election.
- Undecided and/or abstentionists excluded.
References
- Opinion poll sources
- "Pujol va en cabeza, cerca de la mayoría". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- "El liderazgo de Jordi Pujol determina una decisiva ventaja de CiU sobre el PSC-PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- "Tres cuartas partes del censo ha adoptado ya una opción política". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Retrieved 5 July 2017.
- "Convergència i Unió y Esquerra Republicana suman escaños suficientes para acercarse a la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- "Ficha técnica". El País (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- "Comienza la guerra de encuestas ante las elecciones catalanas". ABC (in Spanish). 3 April 1984.
- "Convergencia se acerca a la mayoría absoluta, pero necesitará apoyos para poder gobernar". ABC (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- "La desaparición de UCD ha redistribuido el voto en Cataluña". ABC (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- "Gran parte del electorado ya ha decidido el sentido de su voto". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 1 April 1984.
- "Predominio femenino en CiU y AP, masculino en ERC y PSUC y situación equilibrada en el PSC". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 1 April 1984.
- "Preelectoral elecciones autonómicas Cataluña 1984 (Estudio nº 1.412. Abril 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 25 April 1984.
- "Preelectoral Cataluña 1984 (VI) (Estudio nº 1.408. Abril 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 15 April 1984.
- "El electorado da su confianza a CiU". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- "Estudio nº 1.407 (Panel 2ª vuelta. Abril 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 10 April 1984.
- "Preelectoral Cataluña 1984 (V) (Estudio nº 1.405. Marzo-abril 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 April 1984.
- "Preelectoral Cataluña 1984 (IV) (Estudio nº 1404. Marzo 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 March 1984.
- "Preelectoral Cataluña 1984 (III) (Estudio nº 1.389. Enero 1984)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 January 1984.
- "Estudio 1.377 (Diciembre 1983)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 November 1983.
- "Preelectoral Cataluña 1984 (I) (Estudio 1366)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 1 September 1983.
- "Un 36% de los electores votaría a Jordi Pujol para presidente, frente al 22% de Obiols". El País (in Spanish). 22 April 1984.
- Other
- "Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979". Organic Law No. 4 of 18 December 1979. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- "Parliament, President and Executive Council of the Generalitat Law of 1982". Law No. 3 of 25 March 1982. Official Journal of the Generalitat of Catalonia (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- "Electoral Rules Decree of 1977". Royal Decree-Law No. 20 of 18 March 1977. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- "Electoral results. Parliament of Catalonia election 1984". resultats.dadeselectorals.gencat.cat (in Catalan). Government of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- "Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya (1980 - 2017)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1984. Barcelona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1984. Girona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1984. Lleida". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1984. Tarragona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
| Elections and referendums in Catalonia | |
|---|---|
| Regional elections | |
| General elections | |
| European Parliament elections | |
| Local elections | |
| Referendums | |