Sabaot people
The Sabaot are one of the nine sub-tribes of the Kalenjin of Kenya and Uganda. The Sabaot in turn are divided into six communities largely identified by their dialects. These dialects of the Sabaot language are the Pok, Somek, Mosop, Kony, Bong'omek and Sabiny (Sebei). Being resident around Mount Elgon, the original homeland of most Kalenjin, the Sabaot are seen as the keepers of the authentic Kalenjin tradition. They and the area they inhabit are often referred to as Kapkugo (meaning grandparents/ancestors place) by other Kalenjin.
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Origins
Tha Sabaot were among the Southern Nilotic speaking communities, i.e. proto-Kalenjin, who moved into the western highlands and Rift Valley region of Kenya around 700 BC. Their homelands lay somewhere near the common border between Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and Ethiopia . Their arrival in Kenya occurred shortly before the introduction of iron to East Africa.[1] Contemporary studies, supported by a number of historical narratives from the various Kalenjin sub-tribes point to Tulwetab/Tuluop Kony (Mount Elgon) as their original point of settlement in Kenya.
Settlement
Oral tradition
The traditional account states that most Sabaot once lived at a place called Sengwer which is near the Cherangani Hills. The patriarch of the Sabaot community is said to have been a man called Kingo who moved to Kony from Sengwer. It is said that Kingo had four sons; Chebok, Chepkony, Chesabiny and Chebong’Om. These sons or one of them at least once broke a gourd belonging to their father and Kingo being very mad banished them from their home. The four sons dispersed, some to Bungoma and others to areas further south and west. Wherever each of these sons went, they established a clan and at a later date these clans returned becoming the main clans of the Sabaot community.[2]
Traditional life
Initiation
Like other Kalenjin and a number of East African societies, the Sabaot traditionally practiced male and female circumcision. Male circumcision was meant to enhance cleanliness and bravery while female circumcision was practiced to reduce promiscuity.
Economic activities
In previous times, the Sabaot had vast lands which allowed for a pastoral lifestyle. With decreasing land size, the Sabaot have been forced to drastically change their lifestyle from cattle herding to planting maize (corn) and vegetables.[3]
Culture
The principal reference points in the Sabaot identity have been land and cattle both of which are coming under increasing threat, from growing land shortages and decreasing pastoralism respectively, which along with a decline in the practice of certain traditional customs such as initiation and polygamy have led to a sense among the Sabaot that their identity is under threat.[4]
Notable people
Notable Sabaot personalities, past and present:
- Fred Kapondi, Politician and a member of parliament.
- John bomet serut, Politician and longest serving member of parliament.
- kipkoech ndiema blogger,politician and youth leader in URP that was dissolved to form jubilee.[5]
- Dr. Robert Pukose Satia, Politician[6]
- Moses Masai, Olympian, 5000 and 10000m champion
- Linet Masai, Olympian, 10000m champion
- Milcah Chemos Cheywa, World Champion 3000m Steeplechase[7]
- Joshua Cheptegei Olympian, 10,000m runner
- Ben Jipcho 1972 Olympics Silver Medalist
- Leonard Komon Athlete
- Daniel Chemno Moss, First member of Parliament,Mt. Elgon Constituency, (1963-1978). Considered the most consistent and vocal of defender of the Sabaot's rights was born in Cheptais. He is deceased.
- James K. Mateiko, Former counsellor, Saboti ward for a period of 10 years, (1974-1984).
- Wilberforce Arap Kisiero The second MP for Mt. Constituency, (1979-1997) was a known diplomat and minister during Moi's regime.Also, born in Cheptais, but grew up in Kapsokwony. Now retired, he resides in Saboti in Tranzoia County.
References
- Clark, J., & Brandt, St, From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa. University of California Press, 1984, p.234
- Mountain Voices, Hezron, Kenya 14
- Historical and Current Facts about The Sabaots, sabaot.com/history
- Mountain Voices, Sabaot - Identity
- Frenneaux, MP (2012-12-06). "Biventricular Pacing and Cardiac Physiology". doi:10.1186/isrctn75745362. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - Sabaots not marginalised by government – Kapondi, Kass Weekly
- Moses out to deliver ‘Caanan’ in London, Citizen