Shandong people

Modern-day Shandong is the location of the Kingdom of Qi (state) During the Warring States Period. It was the last Kingdom to be annexed by the Qin (state) State prior to the beginning of the Qin Dynasty. After the brief 15 year unification by the Qin Dynasty, the empire broke into Eighteen Kingdoms. Present day Shandong was split into two feudal states, Jiaodong and Jibei. The Han State, headed by Liu Bang, (comprising present-day Sichuan province, Chongqing, and Southern Shaanxi) unified the kingdoms to form the Han Dynasty. After 400 years, the Han Dynasty fell and the empire scattered into the Three Kingdoms period. During this time, present-day Shandong belonged to the Northern State of Cao Wei established by the Warlord Cao Cao. After the disintegration of the Cao Wei Dynasty, the area of present-day Shandong was ruled by the Tuoba Clan of the Xianbei Tribe during the Eastern Wei. The Eastern Wei eventually fell to the Northern Qi Dynasty which lasted 27 years before it was overtaken by the Northern Zhou of central China.Yang Jian was able to recapture ruling power to the Han Chinese from the Xianbei and establish the Sui Dynasty after centuries of Xianbei rule and division between different states, becoming Emperor Wen of Sui. After unifying the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty paved the way for the Tang Dynasty and many years of prosperity and peace. The Tang Dynasty fell about 300 years after its inception. The empire again, fragmented, this time into many different states whose borders are roughly the outline of the present day provinces. During this time Shandong was known as the Later Liang (Five Dynasties) Kingdom.

Throughout its history, the coastline of Shandong was particularly susceptible to so-called Wokou Pirates. After the Second Opium War the Treaty of Tianjin (1858) forced the Manchu Ching Empire, ruled by the Manchu to open more ports to Western Nations. As a result, there were considerable foreign settlements by the British, Germans, Americans, and Russians in Shandong cities during the 18th Century. For 20 years prior to the end of World War I, the Germans controlled Shandong. After the defeat of Germany in WWI by the Allied forces, the cities of Chefoo and Tsingtao were handed to the Japanese who used the port cities for their summer fleets. This led to the Shandong Problem which added to the ignition of the May Fourth Movement and the New Culture Movement— paving the way for the birth of modern China.

• Chungju Ji clan
• Chungju Mae clan
• Ganghwa Noh clan
• Geumseong Beom clan
• Haengju Ki clan
• Haman Jo clan
• Langya Jeong clan
• Jinan Wang clan
• Imgu Pung clan
• Namyang Bang clan
• Namyang Hong clan
• Namyang Seo clan
• Qufu Kong clan - descendant of 53rd grandchild of Confucius, Kong Shao
• Sinchang Maeng clan - descendant of 39th grandchild of Mencius, Meng Cheng Shun
• Yeoheung Min clan
• Yeongyang Cheon clan
• Yangsan Jin clan

• Jinan 济南, Capital of Shandong Province, known as the “City of Springs” 泉城 for its great number of artesian wells.[5]
• Qingdao 青岛, named one of China's most beautiful and cleanest cities. Famous home of Tsingtao Brewery.[6]
• Yantai 烟台, port city developing quickly. Home of Changyu winery.[7]
• Qufu 曲阜, a town with more than 2,500 years of history. Birthplace of Confucius. As such, the Confucius related sites are UNESCO world heritage sites. A sizeable community of Hui Chinese reside here.[8]
• Weihai 威海, major seaport and seaside resort city.[9]
• Tai'an 泰安, a prefecture-level city in Shandong. Famous for Mount Tai, an UNESCO World Heritage Site, and one of the five sacred Daoist mountains in China.
• Penglai, Shandong 蓬莱, The smaller coastal town famous around China as being the landing site of the mythological Eight Immortals as well as beaches, entertainment, and wine.[10]
• Weifang 潍坊, a prefecture-level city in central Shandong. Known as the birthplace of kites and hold the Weifang International Kite Festival every year since 1984.[11]

Shandong cuisine is one of the "8 Great Regional Cuisines" of China. It is noted for uses of seafood, vinegar, and garlic.[12]

Since Shandong is located in fertile plains, it is a main wheat-growing area in China. People in Shandong enjoy eating foods made of wheat flour as staple food. It is commonly said that Shandong people like to eat big pan-cakes stuffed with scallions or minced meat when they eat three meals a day.

Shandong cuisine is generally salty, with a prevalence of light-color sauces, and features adept skill in slicing. Shandong cuisine is representative of Northern Chinese cooking and its techniques have been widely absorbed by the imperial dishes of Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Evidence of the Beixin culture (5300 BC to 4100 BC), the Dawenkou culture (4100 BC to 2600 BC) and the Longshan Culture (3000 BC to 2000 BC) was found in Shandong province, which provides evidence that comparatively advanced handcraft industry, agriculture and animal husbandry was prevalent in Shandong 4000 to 7000 years ago.[13][14] Additionally, Shandong is home to some of the oldest Chinese inscriptions: Dawenkou Pottery Inscription and Longshan Pottery Inscription; the largest prehistoric settlement found to date: Chengziya (城子崖) Archeological Site; the oldest section of the Great Wall in China: the Great Wall of Qi State; Huantai County Oracle Bone Script, among the oldest found in China, were all found in Shandong. According to the research of archaeologists, Shandong was the main place for silk manufacture from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, and it was the origin of the ancient Silk Road.[15]

• Tan, Chee-Beng (2004), Chinese Overseas: Comparative Cultural Issues, Hong Kong University Press, ISBN 978-962-209-662-2
• Rhee, Young-ju (2009), "Diversity within Chinese Diaspora: "Old" versus "New" huaqiao Residents in South Korea", in Fernandez, Jane (ed.), Diasporas: Critical and Interdisciplinary Perspectives (PDF), Oxford, United Kingdom: Inter-Disciplinary Press, pp. 111–126, ISBN 978-1-904710-68-4