Soyuz 27

Soyuz 27 (Russian: Союз 27, Union 27) was a 1978 Soviet crewed spacecraft which flew to the orbiting Salyut 6 space station, during the mission EP-1.[2] It was the third crewed flight to the station, the second successful docking and the first visitation mission. Once docked, it marked the first time that three spacecraft were docked together.

Soyuz 27
Spacecraft properties

Mission type	Crewed mission to Salyut 6
Operator	OKB-1
COSPAR ID	1978-003A
SATCAT no.	10560
Mission duration	65 days
Orbits completed	1025


Spacecraft	Soyuz s/n 44
Spacecraft type	Soyuz 7K-T
Manufacturer	NPO Energia
Launch mass	6800 kg


Crew
Crew size	2
Launching	Vladimir Dzhanibekov Oleg Makarov
Landing	Yuri Romanenko Georgy Grechko
Callsign	Памир Pamir Pamir Mountains


Start of mission
Launch date	10 January 1978, 12:26:00 UTC
Rocket	Soyuz-U s/n D15000-106
Launch site	Baikonur, Site 1/5[1]
Contractor	OKB-1


End of mission
Landing date	16 March 1978, 11:18:47 UTC
Landing site	310 km at west of Tselinograd


Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee altitude	198.9 km
Apogee altitude	253.8 km
Inclination	51.65°
Period	88.73 minutes


Docking with Salyut 6
Docking date	11 January 1978, 14:05:54 UTC
Undocking date	16 March 1978, 07:58:00 UTC

Soyuz programme (Crewed missions)

The main function of the EP-1 mission was to swap Soyuz craft with the orbiting crew, in so doing freeing a docking port for a forthcoming supply tanker. Cosmonauts Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Oleg Makarov returned to Earth in the Soyuz 26 spacecraft after spending five days on the station. The descent module is displayed at the Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics in Zhytomyr, Ukraine.[3]

Crew


Position	Launching Cosmonaut	Landing Cosmonaut
Commander	Vladimir Dzhanibekov EP-1 First spaceflight	Yuri Romanenko EO-1 First spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Oleg Makarov EP-1 Third spaceflight	Georgy Grechko EO-1 Second spaceflight

Backup crew


Position	Cosmonaut
Commander	Vladimir Kovalyonok
Flight Engineer	Aleksandr Ivanchenkov
The launching and landing crews had the same backups

Mission parameters

Mass: 6,800 kilograms (15,000 lb)
Perigee: 198.9 kilometres (123.6 mi)
Apogee: 253.8 kilometres (157.7 mi)
Inclination: 51.65°
Period: 88.73 minutes

References

"Baikonur LC1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
Becker, Joachim. "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz 27". Spacefacts.de. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
"Подорож у минуле". Музей космонавтики ім. С.П. Корольова Житомирської обласної Ради. Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics. 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2016.

External links

Zimmerman, Robert (6 September 2003). "Leaving Earth: Space Stations, Rival Superpowers, and the Quest for Interplanetary Travel". Books.nap.edu. doi:10.17226/10531. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

Soyuz programme

Main topics

Past missions
(by spacecraft type)

Soyuz 7K-OK (1966–1970)	Kosmos 133† Soyuz 7K-OK No.1† (uncrewed) Kosmos 140 Soyuz 1† Kosmos 186 188 212 213 238 Soyuz 2 (uncrewed) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967–1970) (Zond lunar programme)	Kosmos 146 154† Zond 1967A† 1967B† Zond 4 1968A† 1968B† 5 6 1969A† Zond-M 1† M 2† Zond 7 8 9 10
Soyuz 7K-L1E (1969–1970)	Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1† Kosmos 382
Soyuz 7K-LOK (1971–1972)	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1† No.2†
Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)	Soyuz 10† 11†
Soyuz 7K-T (1972–1981)	Kosmos 496 573 Soyuz 12 Kosmos 613 Soyuz 13 Kosmos 656 Soyuz 14 15† 17 18a† 18 20 (uncrewed) 21 23† 24 25† 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (uncrewed landing) 33† 34 (uncrewed launch) 35 36 37 38 39 40
Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976)	Kosmos 638 672 Soyuz 16 19 (Apollo-Soyuz) 22
Soyuz 7K-S (1974–1976)	Kosmos 670 772† 869†
Soyuz-T (1978–1986)	Kosmos 1001† 1074 Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed) T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8† T-9 T-10a† T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15
Soyuz-TM (1986–2002)	Soyuz TM-1 (uncrewed) TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34
Soyuz-TMA (2002–2012)	Soyuz TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22
Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–2016)	Soyuz TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M TMA-18M TMA-19M TMA-20M
Soyuz MS (2016–present)	Soyuz MS-01 MS-02 MS-03 MS-04 MS-05 MS-06 MS-07 MS-08 MS-09 MS-10† MS-11 MS-12 MS-13 MS-14 (uncrewed test flight) MS-15 MS-16

Current missions

Soyuz MS-17

Future missions

2021
- MS-18
- MS-19
- MS-20

Uncrewed missions are designated as Kosmos instead of Soyuz; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
The † sign designates failed missions. Italics designates cancelled missions.

← 1977 · Orbital launches in 1978 · 1979 →

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

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