Soyuz TMA-1

Soyuz TMA-1[lower-alpha 1], also catalogued as Soyuz TM-35, was a 2002 Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle with a Russian-Belgian cosmonaut crew blasted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.[3] This was the fifth Russian Soyuz spacecraft to fly to the ISS. It was also the first flight of the TMA-class Soyuz spacecraft.[4] Soyuz TM-34 was the last of the prior Soyuz-TM spacecraft to be launched.

This article is about a real 2002 spaceflight. For the fictional Tycho Magnetic Anomaly TMA-1, see Monolith (Space Odyssey).
Soyuz TMA-1
TMA-1 approaches the ISS
Mission typeISS crew transport
OperatorRosaviakosmos
COSPAR ID2002-050A
SATCAT no.27552
Mission duration185 days, 22 hours, 53 minutes, 14 seconds
Orbits completed~3,020
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftSoyuz 11F732 No.211[1]
Spacecraft typeSoyuz-TMA 11F732
ManufacturerRKK Energia
Crew
Crew size3
LaunchingSergei Zalyotin
Frank De Winne
Yury Lonchakov
LandingNikolai Budarin
Kenneth Bowersox
Donald Pettit
CallsignYenisey
Start of mission
Launch dateOctober 30, 2002, 03:11:11 (2002-10-30UTC03:11:11Z) UTC
RocketSoyuz-FG
Launch siteBaikonur 1/5
End of mission
Landing dateMay 4, 2003, 02:04:25 (2003-05-04UTC02:04:26Z) UTC
Landing site49.39° N; 61.2° E
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeLow Earth
Perigee altitude383 kilometres (238 mi)
Apogee altitude402 kilometres (250 mi)
Inclination51.6 degrees
Period92.4 minutes
Epoch6 November 2002[2]
Docking with ISS
Docking portPirs nadir
Docking date1 November 2002
05:01 UTC
Undocking date3 May 2003
22:43 UTC
Time docked183d 17h 42m

From left to right: Frank de Winne, Sergei Zalyotin and Yuri Lonchakov
Soyuz programme
(Crewed missions)
 

Crew
Position Launching crew Landing crew
Commander Sergei Zalyotin, RKA
Second and last spaceflight		 Nikolai Budarin, RKA
Expedition 6 Soyuz Commander
Third and last spaceflight
Flight Engineer Frank De Winne, ESA
First spaceflight		 Kenneth Bowersox, NASA
Expedition 6 ISS Commander/Soyuz Flight Engineer
Fifth and last spaceflight
Flight Engineer Yury Lonchakov, RKA
Second spaceflight		 Donald Pettit, NASA
Expedition 6 Flight Engineer
First spaceflight

Mission parameters
  • Mass: 7,220 kg (15,910 lb), gross
  • Perigee: 193 km
  • Apogee: 235 km
  • Inclination: 51.6°
  • Period: 88.7 minutes

Docking with ISS
  • Docked to ISS: November 1, 2002, 05:01 UTC (to Pirs module)
  • Undocked from ISS: May 3, 2003, 22:43 UTC (from Pirs module)

Specifications
Section ref: Astro[5]
  • Gross mass: 7,220 kg (15,910 lb).
  • Unfuelled mass: 6,320 kg (13,930 lb).
  • Height: 6.98 m (22.90 ft).
  • Diameter: 2.20 m (7.20 ft).
  • Span: 10.70 m (35.10 ft).
  • Thrust: 3.92 kN (881 lbf).
  • Specific impulse: 305 s.

Mission highlights

In the spring of 2001, a taxi mission to the space station was being scheduled to take place in October 2002. At first the crew was to be Commander Sergei Zalyotin and Flight Engineer Frank De Winne; however, a report released in February 2002 stated that American musician Lance Bass was interested in joining the crew for a one-week mission on board the Russian spacecraft. The mission began to fall through, and by September 2002 they had discontinued the training of Lance Bass due to the mission organizers' failure to meet the terms of the contract. They filled the vacant seat left by Lance Bass with Russian cosmonaut Yuri Lonchakov.

While the Soyuz TMA-1 was on orbit, the Columbia shuttle accident occurred and required a change in crew changeout process. The Soyuz system would become the sole method for crew to launch to and return from ISS, until the space shuttle was returned to service in July 2005.

Soyuz TMA-1 disembarked from ISS on May 4, 2003 and immediately began its return to Earth, marking the first entry and descent for this Soyuz class. A technical malfunction caused the Soyuz control system to abandon the gentler controlled entry and descent and instead fall back to the harsher ballistic reentry and descent. This resulted in a steep and off target landing of the spacecraft. The craft landed 300 miles short of the planned area, and the crew was subjected to severe gravitational loads. Communication with the Soyuz was lost because one antenna was ripped off during descent, and two more did not deploy. The crew regained communications through an emergency transmitter after landing. Due to this event, future crews would be provided with a satellite phone to establish contact with recovery forces.

Subsequent Soyuz TMA missions were able to successfully execute controlled reentries, until the Soyuz TMA-10 and Soyuz TMA-11 missions which both also reverted to ballistic descents.

References
  1. McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  2. McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  3. Quest.NASA.gov Space report No.46 Archived 2008-09-17 at the Wayback Machine
  4. RussianSpaceWeb.com: Soyuz TMA-1
  5. Astronautix.com: Soyuz TMA Archived 2009-04-14 at the Wayback Machine

Footnotes
  1. T – транспортный – Transportnyi – meaning transport,
    M – модифицированный – Modifitsirovannyi – meaning modified,
    A – антропометрический, – Antropometricheskii meaning anthropometric).
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