Spanish omelette

Tortilla competition in the Basque Country in Northern Spain

The first reference to the tortilla in Spanish is found in a Navarrese document, as an anonymous "Mousehole's memorial" addressed to the Navarra region's court in 1817. It explains the sparse conditions of Navarre's farmers in contrast with those in Pamplona (the capital) and la Ribera (in southern Navarre). After listing the sparse food eaten by highlanders, the next quote follows: "…two to three eggs in tortilla for 5 or 6 [people] as our women do know how to make it big and thick with fewer eggs, mixing potatoes, breadcrumbs or whatever."[3]

According to legend, during the siege of Bilbao, Carlist general Tomás de Zumalacárregui invented the "tortilla de patatas" as an easy, fast and nutritious dish to satisfy the scarcities of the Carlist army. Although it remains unknown whether this is true, it appears the tortilla started to spread during the early Carlist Wars.[4]

Another tale is that the recipe was learnt by Spanish prisoners captured after the Battle of Montes Claros during the Portuguese Restoration War in 1665.[5] After the Portuguese victory, more than 6,000 Spanish soldiers were kept in captivity for 3 years until the 1668 Treaty of Lisbon was signed. Upon their release, these prisoners brought part of the culture of Alentejo to Spain, including many recipes, which featured a potato egg pie that evolved into the modern version of "tortilla".[6]

Tortilla, in European Spanish, as well as some variants of Latin American Spanish means omelette.[7][8] As such, a potato omelette is a tortilla de patatas or papas.[9][10]

As the dish has gained international popularity, and perhaps to avoid being mixed up with the thin flatbread made out of wheat or maize popular in parts of Latin America such as Mexico and Central America, the española or Spanish naming gained traction. As such, Spanish omelette[11][12] or Spanish tortilla[13][14] are its common names in English, while tortilla española[8][12][15][16] is formally accepted name even within the peninsula.

Tortilla is the diminutive form of torta, meaning 'small pancake'.[7][8]

The Spanish omelette is one of the most widely available dishes in Spain, also prepared in some Spanish-speaking countries.

The two main options are either with or without onion in it, with consumers almost always having a preference. The addition of onion is often controversial, and sometimes may be related to the tenderness of the local varieties of potato. The indication of whether a tortilla includes onion or not is expected from restaurateurs, and industrial producers market both options.

A particularly runny "Betanzos" omelette, popular in Galicia and Madrid. They are normally elaborated without onion, and rely heavily on the careful cooking of the potato[17]

The most common procedure to cook a Spanish omelette is as follows:

• The potatoes, ideally a starchy variety, are cut into thin slices or small dice.
• They are then seasoned and sautéed in vegetable oil, ideally olive oil, with sliced onions being added at this stage if used. These ingredients are stirred at a moderate temperature until they are soft but not brown.
• The potatoes (and onions, if included) are then removed, drained, and mixed with whisked eggs.
• This mixture is then returned to the pan and slowly cooked, turning the omelette to cook both sides.[1][18]
• Once the eggs are cooked on one side, a plate is placed over the mixture so the pan can be inverted.
• The mixture is then slipped back into the pan to cook the other side.[19]

The omelette may be eaten hot, at room temperature, or cold; it is commonly served as a tapa. As a tapa, it may be cut into bite-size pieces and served on cocktail sticks; a large tortilla can be cut into triangular portions (pincho de tortilla) to be eaten as a finger food.

A very large tortilla was made by 12 chefs in Vitoria, Spain, in 2014, who claimed it to be a record. It was 5 m (16 ft) in diameter, and used 1.6 tons of potatoes, 16,000 eggs, 150 l (33 imp gal; 40 US gal) of oil, 26 kg (57 lb) of onions, and 15 kg (33 lb) of salt.

• 
  Tortilla de Betanzos is amongst the most popular Spanish omelettes, characterised by being softer or "runny"
• 
  Asturian tortiella de pataques, characterised by its thickness
• 
  Tortilla de patatas with a less-fried finish

Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on Tortilla de Patatas

• Paella – Valencian rice dish
• Jamón – Type of dry-cured ham from Spain
• Tapas – Appetizer or snack in Spanish cuisine
• Spanish cuisine – Culinary traditions of Spain
• Tortilla – type of bread, a Mexican flat bread
• Frittata – Egg-based Italian dish
• Kuku
• Tunisian tajine