Star (keelboat)
The Star is a 6.9 metres (23 ft) one-design racing keelboat for two people designed by Francis Sweisguth in 1910. The Star was an Olympic keelboat class from 1932 through to 2012, the last year keelboats appeared at the Summer Olympics.
 Class symbol | |
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| Development | |
|---|---|
| Designer | Francis Sweisguth |
| Year | 1910 |
| Boat | |
| Crew | 2 (Skipper + Crew) S + 1.5 C ≤ 250 kg (550 lb)[1] |
| Draft | 1.016 m (3 ft 4 in) |
| Hull | |
| Type | keelboat |
| Hull weight | ≥ 671 kg (1,479 lb) (including keel)[2] |
| LOA | 6.922 m (22 ft 9 in)[2] |
| LWL | 4.724 m (15 ft 6 in) |
| Beam | 1.734 m (5 ft 8 in) at deck 1.372 m (4 ft 6 in) at chine |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | bulb keel 401.5 ± 7 kg (885 ± 15 lb)[2] |
| Rig | |
| Rig type | sloop |
| Mast length | 9.652 m (31 ft 8 in) |
| Sails | |
| Mainsail area | 20.5 m2 (221 sq ft) |
| Jib/genoa area | 6.0 m2 (65 sq ft) |
| Upwind sail area | ≤ 26.5 m2 (285 sq ft) |
| Former Olympic class | |
It is sloop-rigged, with a mainsail larger in proportional size than any other boat of its length. Unlike most modern racing boats, it does not use a spinnaker when sailing downwind. Instead, when running downwind a whisker pole is used to hold the jib out to windward for correct wind flow. Early Stars were built from wood, but modern boats are generally made of fiberglass. The boat must weigh at least 671 kg (1,479 lb) with a maximum total sail area of 26.5 m2 (285 sq ft).[3][2][1] The Star class pioneered an unusual circular boom vang track, which allows the vang to effectively hold the boom down even when the boom is turned far outboard on a downwind run. Another notable aspect of Star sailing is the extreme hiking position adopted by the crew and at times the helmsman, who normally use a harness to help hang low off the windward side of the boat with only their lower legs inside.
History
Original sail plan (pre-1922)
The Star was designed in 1910 by Francis Sweisguth, a draftsman at the William Gardner Marine Architect office. Over the course of his career Sweisguth designed a variety of yachts. A more traditional example of his work is Silent Maid, a Barnegat Bay B-class catboat designed shortly after the Star. The first 22 stars were built in Port Washington, New York by Ike Smith during the winter of 1910–11. Since that time, over 8,400 boats have been built, with more than 2,000 actively racing in 170 fleets.[4]
The hull is a hard chine design with a slight curve to the bottom section, and a bulb keel. The Star was originally rigged with a large, low-aspect-ratio gunter mainsail and jib, which was replaced by a short bermuda rig gradually during the early 1920s, before the current tall bermuda sail plan was adopted in 1930. In 1965, fiberglass replaced wood as the primary hull material. Other changes to the strict design rules for the Star class, include adding flexible spars, an innovative circular-track boom vang, and self-bailers.[4]
Events
Star Boats North American Championships June 2013
Star Boats NHYC North American Championships June 2013
Olympics
The Star was added to the Olympic roster for the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Due to World War II, there were no Olympic games held in 1940 or 1944, and for 1976, the Star was replaced by the Tempest for keelboat competition. In 2011 keelboats were removed from sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. The last keelboat Olympics competition was at the 2012 London Summer Olympics.[5]
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World Championships
The Star World Championships has been held annually since 1923. Most titles has American sailor Lowell North won, with five titles between 1945 and 1973 and another seven podiums. The most crowned skipper-crew combination is Italian duo Agostino Straulino and Nicolò Rode and Brazilian duo Robert Scheidt and Bruno Prada with three titles each. Also, American Mark Reynolds has three titles, but with different crew.
Year |
Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1923 Western Long Island Sound |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Taurus (USA)William Inslee Robert Nelson |
Astray (USA) H. Wylie Ernest Ratsey |
Doris (USA) R. Walton L. Carey |
| 1924 Western Long Island Sound |
Little Bear (USA) Jack Robinson Arthur Knapp, Jr. |
Rhody (USA) Ben Comstock William Gidley |
California (USA) B. Weston R. Schauer |
| 1925 Western Long Island Sound |
Ace (USA) Adrian Iselin Ed Willis |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Auriga (CAN)G. H. C. Phillips C. G. Davis |
Movie Star II (USA) B. Rey Schauer Ed. Gillett |
| 1926 Western Long Island Sound |
Rhody (USA) Ben Comstock William Gidley |
Ardora (USA) D. Starring F. Bedford |
Dona Bertha (USA) H. Fisher H. Denhie |
| 1927 Narragansett Bay |
Tempe III (USA) Walt Hubbard, Jr. Richard Edwards |
Coleen (USA) F. Bedford B. Cunningham |
Mackerel (USA) H. Smith W. Henderson |
| 1928 Newport Harbor |
Sparkler II (USA) Prentice Edrington Gilbert Gray |
Okla (USA) Joseph Watkins Arthur Knapp, Jr. |
Windward (USA) J. Jessop J. Sykes |
| 1929 New Orleans |
Eel (USA) Graham Johnson Lawdens Johnson |
Sparkler II (USA) Gilbert Gray Prentice Edrington |
Okla II (USA) Joseph Watkins William McHugh |
| 1930 Chesapeake Bay |
Peggy Wee (USA) Arthur Knapp, Jr. Newell Weed |
Tempe IV (USA) W. Hubbard T. Dittmar |
Okla II (USA) Joseph Watkins William McHugh |
| 1931 Western Long Island Sound |
Coleen (USA) William McHugh Joseph Watkins |
 Joy (GBR)Colin Ratsey S. Elsbree |
Zoa (USA) Edward Fink A. McCrate |
| 1932 Central Long Island Sound |
Mist (USA) Edward Fink Edwin Thorne |
Wings (USA) C. Pflug J. Pflug |
Laura G (USA) R. Bradley P. Singer |
| 1933 Long Beach Harbour |
Three Star (USA) William Glenn Waterhouse Woodbridge Metcalf |
Mist (USA) Edwin Thorne L. Thorne |
Chip (USA) H. Dowsett, Jr. H. White |
| 1934 San Francisco |
By-C (USA) Hook Beardslee Myron Lehmann |
Andiamo III (USA) J. Arms J. Abberley |
Ace (USA) Adrian Iselin W. White |
| 1935 Newport Harbour |
By-C (USA) Hook Beardslee Myron Lehmann |
Ace (USA) Adrian Iselin Ed Willis |
Three Star (USA) William Glenn Waterhouse Woodbridge Metcalf |
| 1936 Lake Ontario |
Ace (USA) Adrian Iselin Garrett Horder |
By-C (USA) Hook Beardslee Myron Lehmann |
Chuckle II (USA) H. Halsted W. Halsey |
| 1937 Western Long Island Sound |
 Lecky (USA)Milton Wegeforth G. K. C. Phillips |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Pimm (GER)Walter von Hütschler Joachim Weise |
Chuckle II (USA) H. Halsted W. Halsey |
| 1938 San Diego |
Pimm (GER) Walter von Hütschler Joachim Weise |
Gale (USA) Harry Nye, Jr. L. Lehmann |
Mercury (USA) J. McAleese F. Graham |
| 1939 Kiel |
Pimm (GER) Walter von Hütschler Edgar Beyn |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Polluce (ITA)Agostino Straulino Nicolò Rode |
Maggel (GER) Peter Hansohm Christian Blankenburg |
| 1940 San Diego |
Rambunctious (USA) James Cowie Gordon Cowie |
Jade (USA) Robert White R. Holcomb |
Twin Star (USA) Lockwood Pirie R. Miller |
| 1941 Los Angeles |
Wench (USA) George Fleitz William Severence |
Gale (USA) Harry Nye, Jr. J. Michael |
Scout III (USA) Myron Lehmann P. McKibben |
| 1942 Lake Michigan |
United States Harry Nye, Jr. Stanley Fahlström |
United States S. Potter B. Douglass |
United States T. Scripps M. Watson |
| 1943 Great South Bay |
United States Arthur Deacon Perry Roehm |
United States W. Picken, Jr. J. Forrington |
 CubaCarlos de Cárdenas G. Carricaburu |
| 1944 Lake Michigan |
United States Gerald Driscoll Malin Burnham |
United States Robert Lippincott E. Shivelhood |
United States Herbert Williams A. Nye |
| 1945 Central Long Island Sound |
United States Malin Burnham Lowell North |
United States J. Cowie Walter Krug |
United States E. W. Etchells Mary Etchelles |
| 1946 Havana |
Wench II (USA) George Fleitz Walter Krug |
Pagan (USA) Robert White Gordon Holcombe |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Gem II (BAH)Durward Knowles Robert Levin |
| 1947 Los Angeles |
Gem II (BAH) Durward Knowles Robert Levin |
Hilarius (USA) Hilary Smart Stan Ogilvy |
Glider (USA) Richard Stearns Robert Rodgers |
| 1948 Cascais |
Twin Star (USA) Lockwood Pirie Harry Rugeroni |
 Polluce (ITA)Agostino Straulino Nicolò Rode |
Hilarius (USA) Hilary Smart Paul Smart |
| 1949 Chicago |
Gale (USA) Harry Nye, Jr. Stanley Fahlstrom |
Blue Star II (USA) Robert Lippincott Robert Levin |
Flame (USA) Stan Ogilvy Owen Torrey |
| 1950 Chicago |
Sea Robin (USA) Robert Lippincott Robert Levin |
Twin Star (USA) Lockwood Pirie Charles Turtle |
Shillalah (USA) E. W. Etchells Mary Etchelles |
| 1951 Gibson Island |
Shillalah (USA) E. W. Etchells Mary Etchelles |
Magic (USA) Richard Stearns Robert Rodgers |
Flame (USA) Stan Ogilvy Whitney Stueck |
| 1952 Cascais |
Merope (ITA) Agostino Straulino Nicolò Rode |
Flower (USA) Robert Lippincott Dan Hubers |
 Faneca (POR)Duarte Bello Fernando Bello |
| 1953 Naples |
Merope II (ITA) Agostino Straulino Nicolò Rode |
Faneca (POR) Duarte Bello João Miguel Tito |
Asterope (ITA) Tito Nordio Livio Sangulin |
| 1954 Cascais |
Kurush V (CUB) Carlos de Cárdenas Carlos de Cárdenas, Jr. |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Gem II (BAH)Durward Knowles Sloane Farrington |
Merope II (ITA) Agostino Straulino Nicolò Rode |
| 1955 Havana |
Kurush V (CUB) Carlos de Cárdenas Carlos de Cárdenas, Jr. |
Kurush IV (CUB) Jorge de Cárdenas Alberto Garcia Tunon |
Vengeance (USA) William Gentzlinger Clair L. Farrand |
| 1956 Naples |
Merope II (ITA) Agostino Straulino Nicolò Rode |
North Star III (USA) Lowell North James B. Hill |
Kurush IV (CUB) Álvaro de Cárdenas Jorge de Cárdenas |
| 1957 Havana |
North Star III (USA) Lowell North James B. Hill |
 Candide (FRA)Albert Debarge Paul Bert Elvstrøm |
Star of the Sea (BAH) Joseph Duplin Peter Wilhauser |
| 1958 San Diego |
Nhycusa (USA) William P. Ficker Mark Yorston |
Perseverance (USA) Chick Rollins William Pickford |
Dingo (USA) Ding Schoonmaker Malin Burnham |
| 1959 Newport Harbour |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} North Star III (USA)Lowell North Mort Carlile |
Turmoil (USA) Gary Comer Bill Hackel |
Nhycusa (USA) William P. Ficker Tom Skahill |
| 1960 Rio de Janeiro |
North Star III (USA) Lowell North Tom Skahill |
Deacon (USA) Donald K. Edler Kent Edler |
Fierce (USA) Robert Lippincott Frank Hogg |
| 1961 San Diego Bay |
Frolic (USA) Bill Buchan Douglas Knight |
Tranquil (USA) John Bennett John McKeague |
North Star IV (USA) Lowell North Tom Skahill |
| 1962 Cascais |
Glider (USA) Richard Stearns Lynn Williams |
Faneca (POR) Duarte Bello Fernando Bello |
Shanty (USA) E. W. Etchells R. M. Allan III |
| 1963 Chicago |
Star of the Sea (USA) Joseph Duplin Francis Dolan |
North Star (USA) Lowell North Tom Skahill |
Wayward Wind (USA) Blair Fletcher Asa L. Colson |
| 1964 Boston Harbour |
Big Daddy (USA) Donald K. Edler Kent Edler |
Star of the Sea (USA) Joseph Duplin Francis Dolan |
Chatterbox (USA) Malin Burnham Charles Lewsadder |
| 1965 Newport Harbour |
Mache (USA) Donald Bever Charles Lewsadder |
Chatterbox (USA) Malin Burnham James Reynolds |
Frolic (USA) Bill Buchan Douglas Knight |
| 1966 Kiel |
 Scandale (DEN)Paul Bert Elvstrøm John Albrechtson |
North Star (USA) Lowell North Peter Barrett |
Glider (USA) Richard Stearns Lynn Williams |
| 1967 Copenhagen |
Scandale (DEN) Paul Bert Elvstrøm Poul Mik-Meyer |
North Star (USA) Lowell North Peter Barrett |
Swingin' Star (USA) Donald Trask William Kreysler |
| 1968 | not held because of the 1968 Summer Olympics | ||
| 1969 San Diego |
 Humbug VII (SWE)Pelle Pettersson Ulf Schröder |
Good Grief! (USA) Tom Blackaller Gary Mull |
North Star (USA) Lowell North Peter Barrett |
| 1970 Marstrand |
Frolic (USA) Bill Buchan Carl F. Sutter |
Dingo (USA) Ding Schoonmaker Arne Akerson |
Blott X (SWE) Stig Wennerström Sture Christiansen |
| 1971 Puget Sound |
Menace (USA) Dennis Conner James Reynolds |
Something Else (USA) Lowell North Peter Barrett |
Contact (SWE) John Albrechtson Göran Tell |
| 1972 Caracas |
 Sunny (FRG)Wilhelm Kuhweide Karsten Meyer |
 Buho Blanco (BRA)Joerg Bruder Claudio Biekarch |
Dingo (USA) Ding Schoonmaker Thomas Dudinsky |
| 1973 San Diego |
North Star (USA) Lowell North Peter Barrett |
Frolic (USA) Bill Buchan Craig Thomas |
Streaker (USA) Tom Blackaller Ron Anderson |
| 1974 Laredo |
Swift (USA) Tom Blackaller Ron Anderson |
Humbug XVIII (SWE) Pelle Pettersson Ingvar Hansson |
 Gem (BAH)Durward Knowles Gerald Ford |
| 1975 Lake Michigan |
Dingo (USA) Ding Schoonmaker Jerry Ford |
Impossible (USA) Tom Blackaller Ron Anderson |
Virgo III (USA) Peter Wright Bill Wright |
| 1976 Nassau |
Mustard Seed (USA) James Allsopp Michael Guhin |
Frolic (USA) Bill Buchan Earl Lasher |
Suzanne (USA) Barton Beek William Munster |
| 1977 Kiel |
United States Dennis Conner Ron Anderson |
Sweden Sune Carlsson Leif Carlsson |
West Germany Uwe von Below Franz Wehofsich |
| 1978 San Francisco |
United States Buddy Melges Andreas Josenhans |
United States Dennis Conner Ron Anderson |
United States Tom Blackaller Ed Bennett |
| 1979 Marstrand |
United States Buddy Melges Andreas Josenhans |
United States Bill Buchan Douglas Knight |
United States Peter Wright Todd Cozzens |
| 1980 Rio de Janeiro |
Chewbacca (USA) Tom Blackaller David Shaw |
Riky (ITA) Albino Fravezzi Oscar Dalvit |
Findus (ITA) Giorgio Gorla Alfio Peraboni |
| 1981 Marblehead |
West Germany Alexander Hagen Vincent Hoesch |
United States Peter Wright Todd Cozzens |
United States Bill Buchan Ron Anderson |
| 1982 Medemblik |
 SpainAntonio Gorostegui José Doreste |
West Germany Alexander Hagen Vincent Hoesch |
United States Bill Buchan Steve Erickson |
| 1983 Marina del Rey |
Spain Antonio Gorostegui José Doreste |
West Germany Joachim Griese Michael Marcour |
United States Bill Buchan Carl Buchan |
| 1984 Vilamoura |
Findus (ITA) Giorgio Gorla Alfio Peraboni |
United States Andrew Menkart James Kavle |
United States Paul Cayard Ken Keefe |
| 1985 Nassau |
United States Bill Buchan Steve Erickson |
 NetherlandsSteven Bakker Ko van den Berg |
United States Paul Cayard Ken Keefe |
| 1986 Isle of Capri |
United States Vince Brun Hugo Schreiner |
Italy Giuseppe Milone Roberto Mottola |
United States Ed Adams Tom Olsen |
| 1987 Chicago |
United States Ed Adams Tom Olsen |
West Germany Alexander Hagen Fritz Girr |
United States Paul Cayard Steve Erickson |
| 1988 Buenos Aires |
United States Paul Cayard Steve Erickson |
United States Mark Reynolds Hal Haenel |
United States Ed Adams Tom Olsen |
| 1989 Porto Cervo |
Era Ora (BRA) Alan Adler Nelson Falcão |
West Germany Werner Fritz Ulrich Seeberger |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} C-Ya (CAN)Ross MacDonald Bruce MacDonald |
| 1990 Cleveland |
Brazil Torben Grael Marcelo Ferreira |
Denmark Benny Andersen Mogens Just |
Sweden Mats Johansson Stefan Hemlin |
| 1991 Cannes |
Italy Roberto Benamati Mario Salani |
Brazil Torben Grael Marcelo Ferreira |
United States Mark Reynolds Hal Haenel |
| 1992 San Francisco |
United States Carl Buchan Hugo Schreiner |
United States Joe Londrigan Phil Trinter |
United States Paul Cayard Steve Erickson |
| 1993 Kiel |
United States Joe Londrigan Phil Trinter |
Sweden Hans Wallén Bobby Lohse |
Germany Alexander Hagen Kai Falkenthal |
| 1994 San Diego |
Canada Ross MacDonald Eric Jespersen |
Brazil Alan Adler Rodrigo Meirelles |
Brazil Torben Grael Marcelo Ferreira |
| 1995 Laredo |
United States Mark Reynolds Hal Haenel |
Brazil Torben Grael Marcelo Ferreira |
Denmark Chris Rasmusten Kasper Harsberg |
| 1996 Rio de Janeiro |
Italy Enrico Chieffi Roberto Sinibaldi |
United States Mark Reynolds Hal Haenel |
Brazil Torben Grael Marcelo Ferreira |
| 1997 Marblehead |
Germany Alexander Hagen Marcelo Ferreira |
United States Mark Reynolds Magnus Liljedahl |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} BermudaPeter Bromby Michael Marcel |
| 1998 Portorož |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} AustraliaColin Beashel David Giles |
Brazil Torben Grael Marcelo Ferreira |
Germany Alexander Hagen Thorsten Helmert |
| 1999 Punta Ala |
United States Eric Doyle Tom Olsen |
Canada Ross MacDonald Kai Bjorn |
United States Mark Reynolds Magnus Liljedahl |
| 2000 Annapolis |
United States Mark Reynolds Magnus Liljedahl |
Canada Ross MacDonald Kai Bjorn |
 IrelandMark Mansfield David O'Brien |
| 2001 Medemblik |
Sweden Fredrik Lööf Christian Finnsgård |
 New ZealandGavin Brady George Iverson |
United States Vince Brun Mike Dorgan |
| 2002 Marina del Rey |
Great Britain Iain Percy Steve Mitchell |
Brazil Torben Grael Marcelo Ferreira |
France Xavier Rohart Yannick Adde |
| 2003 Cadiz |
France Xavier Rohart Pascal Rambeau |
Sweden Fredrik Lööf Anders Ekström |
Great Britain Iain Percy Steve Mitchell |
| 2004 Gaeta |
Sweden Fredrik Lööf Anders Ekström |
 SwitzerlandFlavio Marazzi Enrico De Maria |
Great Britain Iain Percy Steve Mitchell |
| 2005 Buenos Aires |
France Xavier Rohart Pascal Rambeau |
Brazil Torben Grael Marcelo Ferreira |
Great Britain Iain Percy Steve Mitchell |
| 2006 San Francisco |
New Zealand Hamish Pepper Carl Williams |
Brazil Robert Scheidt Bruno Prada |
France Xavier Rohart Pascal Rambeau |
| 2007 Cascais |
Brazil Robert Scheidt Bruno Prada |
France Xavier Rohart Pascal Rambeau |
Great Britain Iain Percy Andrew Simpson |
| 2008 Miami |
 PolandMateusz Kusznierewicz Dominik Zycki |
Italy Diego Negri Luigi Viale |
Brazil Robert Scheidt Bruno Prada |
| 2009 Varberg |
United States George Szabo Rick Peters |
New Zealand Hamish Pepper Craig Monk |
Brazil Lars Grael Ronald Seifert |
| 2010 Rio de Janeiro |
Great Britain Iain Percy Andrew Simpson |
Switzerland Flavio Marazzi Enrico De Maria |
Brazil Torben Grael Marcelo Ferreira |
| 2011 Perth |
Brazil Robert Scheidt Bruno Prada |
Germany Robert Stanjek Frithjof Kleen |
United States Mark Mendelblatt Brian Fatih |
| 2012 Hyères |
Brazil Robert Scheidt Bruno Prada |
Great Britain Iain Percy Andrew Simpson |
Denmark Michael Hestbæk Claus Olesen |
| 2013 San Diego |
United States John MacCausland Phil Trinter |
United States Andrew Campbell John von Schwarz |
United States Mark Reynolds Hal Haenel |
| 2014 Malcesine[6] |
Germany Robert Stanjek Frithjof Kleen |
Italy Diego Negri Sergio Lambertenghi |
 NorwayEivind Melleby BrazilBruno Prada |
| 2015 Buenos Aires |
Brazil Lars Grael Samuel Gonçalves |
Brazil Marcelo Fuchs Ronald Seifert |
Italy Diego Negri Sergio Lambertenghi |
| 2016 Miami |
Augie Diaz (USA) Bruno Prada (BRA) |
Italy Diego Negri Sergio Lambertenghi |
United States Brian Ledbetter Joshua Revkin |
| 2017 Troense[7] |
Eivind Melleby (NOR) Joshua Revkin (USA) |
Brazil Lars Grael Samuel Gonçalves |
Germany Reinhard Schmidt Paul Sradnick |
| 2018 Oxford USA [8] |
Jorge Zarif (BRA) Guilherme de Almeida (BRA) |
Eivind Melleby (NOR) Joshua Revkin (USA) |
Paul Cayard (USA) Arthur Lopes (BRA) |
| 2019 Porto Cervo [9] |
Mateusz Kusznierewicz (POL) Bruno Prada (BRA) |
Augie Diaz (USA) Henry Boening (BRA) |
Eivind Melleby (NOR) Joshua Revkin (USA) |
Star Sailors League
The Star Sailors League was created in 2013 by athletes to establish a sustainable sailing circuit.
Famous Star sailors
- Duarte Bello (Championship competitor, 1947–1970s. Invented auto-bailers and circular boom-vang track)
- John F. Kennedy (Nantucket Sound Star Class Championship: 1936)[4]
- Agostino Straulino (Olympic Champion: 1952; World Champion: 1952, 1953, 1956; Olympic Silver: 1956)
- Robert Halperin (Olympic Bronze: 1960; Pan American Games Gold: 1963)
- Paul Elvstrøm (World Champion: 1966, 1967)
- Dennis Conner (World Champion: 1971, 1977)
- Buddy Melges (World Champion: 1978, 1979)
- Iain Percy (Olympic Champion: 2008; World Champion: 2010; Olympic Silver: 2012)
- Robert Scheidt (Olympic Silver: 2008; Olympic Bronze: 2012; World Champion: 2008, 2011, 2012; SSL Finals: 2013)
- Fredrik Lööf (World Champion: 2001, 2004; Olympic Champion: 2012)
See also
- Comet (dinghy), a smaller and more easily transported sailboat, based upon the Star design
References
- "Star Class Association Rules" (PDF). Star Log. International Star Class Yacht Racing Association. January 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
- "2015 Specifications" (PDF). Star Log. International Star Class Yacht Racing Association. 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
- "Rules of the ISCYRA". Star Log. International Star Class Yacht Racing Association. 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
- Bird, Vanessa (March 22, 2011). "International Star Class". Classic Boat. Classic Classes. Chelsea Magazines Ltd. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
- http://www.sailing.org/35891.php
- https://site-isaf.soticcloud.net/regattainfo.php?view=eventoa&rgtaid=17434®attaid=17434&evntid=33373#results__17434
-
http://www.starworlds2017.com/images/LarsB_Div/Resultater/R1R2R3R4R5R6_Final.pdf - https://2018worlds.starchampionships.org/
- https://2019worlds.starchampionships.org/results
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Star (keelboat). |
- International Star Class Yacht Racing Association (ISCYRA)
- International Star Class at the International Sailing Federation (ISAF)
- International Star Class in "Classic Classes" at Classic Boat magazine
- THe Star 45 Class at the American Model Yachting Association (AMYA)
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