Susan B. Anthony List

The Susan B. Anthony List (SBA List) is a 501(c)(4) non-profit[3] organization that seeks to reduce and ultimately end abortion in the U.S.[4] by supporting anti-abortion politicians, primarily women,[5] through its SBA List Candidate Fund political action committee.[6][7]

Susan B. Anthony List
FoundedFebruary 4, 1993
Re-organized 1997
FounderRachel MacNair[1][2]
Type501(c)(4) non-profit
FocusAnti-abortion political advocacy
Location
Area served
United States
Key people
Marjorie Dannenfelser (President)
Emily Buchanan (Executive Director)
Websitehttp://www.sba-list.org
This article is part of a series on
Conservatism in
the United States
Schools
Principles
History
People
Parties
Think tanks
Other organizations
Media
Variants and movements
See also
 Conservatism portal

Founded in 1993 by sociologist and psychologist Rachel MacNair, the SBA List was a response to the success of the abortion rights group EMILY's List, which was partly responsible for bringing about the 1992 "Year of the Woman", in which a significant number of women who favored abortion rights were elected to Congress. MacNair wished to help anti-abortion women gain high public office. She recruited Marjorie Dannenfelser and Jane Abraham as the first experienced leaders of SBA List. Dannenfelser is now president of the organization and Abraham is chairwoman of the board. Named for suffragist Susan B. Anthony, SBA List identifies itself with Anthony and several 19th-century women's rights activists. SBA List argues that Anthony and other early feminists were opposed to abortion, a view that has been challenged by scholars and abortion-rights activists. Anthony scholar Ann D. Gordon and Anthony biographer Lynn Sherr write that Anthony "spent no time on the politics of abortion".[8]

Founding

The formation of the SBA List was catalyzed in March 1992 when Rachel MacNair, head of Feminists for Life, watched a 60 Minutes television documentary profiling IBM-heiress Ellen Malcolm and the successful campaign-funding activities of her Democratic abortion-rights group EMILY's List.[9][10] MacNair, a peace activist and anti-abortion Quaker, was motivated to organize the Susan B. Anthony List for the purpose of countering EMILY's List by providing early campaign funds to anti-abortion women candidates.[1][9] Led by FFL and MacNair, 15 anti-abortion groups formed an umbrella organization, the National Women's Coalition for Life (NWCL), which adopted a joint anti-abortion statement on April 3, 1992.[11]

Also inspired by EMILY's List, in 1992, the WISH List was formed to promote Republican candidates who favored abortion rights.[12] In November 1992, after many of the candidates who favored abortion rights won their races to create what was termed the "Year of the Woman", MacNair announced the formation of the SBA List, describing its purpose as endorsing and supporting women who held anti-abortion beliefs without regard to party affiliation.[13] MacNair determined to challenge the EMILY's List and the WISH List notion that the top female politicians primarily supported abortion rights.[14][15] She said the SBA List would not support right-wing political candidates. "We want good records on women's rights – probably not Phyllis Schlafly".[13] The NWCL sponsored the SBA List with $2,485 to create it as a political action committee (PAC)[16][17][18] on February 4, 1993, listing MacNair as the first secretary; the group operated out of MacNair's office inside a crisis pregnancy center on East 47th Street in Kansas City, Missouri.[18][19][20] The first SBA List public event was held the same month at the Washington, D.C., headquarters of the National Woman's Party.[21] Organized by founding board member Susan Gibbs, the "kickoff" event raised "more than $9000".[22]

Susan B. Anthony and early feminist connection
Main article: Susan B. Anthony abortion dispute

MacNair named the SBA List after the famous suffragist, Susan B. Anthony.[23] The leaders of the SBA List say that Anthony was "passionately pro-life".[24][25] According to Marjorie Dannenfelser, president of the SBA List, Anthony "referred to abortion as 'the horrible crime of child murder'".[26][27]

The portrayal of Susan B. Anthony as a passionate opponent of abortion has been subject to a modern-day dispute. The National Susan B. Anthony Museum and House said, "The List's assertions about Susan B. Anthony's position on abortion are historically inaccurate."[28] Anthony scholar Ann D. Gordon and Anthony biographer Lynn Sherr said that "Anthony spent no time on the politics of abortion. It was of no interest to her."[8] They said the "child-murder" quote attributed to Anthony actually appeared in an article written anonymously by someone else and that other quotes attributed to Anthony have been misattributed or taken out of context.[29] Gordon said that Anthony "never voiced an opinion about the sanctity of fetal life ... and she never voiced an opinion about using the power of the state to require that pregnancies be brought to term".[29] The Anthony Museum and House provided evidence for the idea that the author of the "child-murder" article was a man.[30]

History

Early activities and re-organization

Founding board member Susan Gibbs, later the communications director for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington, said, of the early years for the SBA List, "None of us had political experience. None of us had PAC experience. We just had a passion for being pro-life."[21] Shortly after its founding, experienced political activists Marjorie Dannenfelser and then Jane Abraham were brought on board — Dannenfelser served as executive director, leading the organization from her home in Arlington, Virginia.[31] In 1994, the SBA List was successful in helping 8 of its 15 selected candidates gain office.[21] In 1996, only two challengers who were financially backed were elected, while five SBA-List-supported incumbents retained their positions, a disappointing election for the group.[9][21]

In 1997, the SBA List was re-organized by Dannenfelser and Abraham into its current form as a 501(c)(4) non-profit organization with a connected PAC, the SBA List Candidate Fund.[6] Abraham became president and Dannenfelser held the position of Chairwoman of the Board.[32] The rules for endorsing and financially supporting candidates were tightened: in addition to the politician having to be female, she must have demonstrated an anti-abortion record (a simple declaration was not enough), and she must be seen as likely to win her race.[9] In 1998, the SBA List began backing male anti-abortion candidates as well, endorsing three men in a pilot program.[21] One of the three won election to office: Republican Peter Fitzgerald who received $2,910 from the SBA List to assist him in his $12.3 million win over Democrat Carol Moseley Braun in a battle for the U.S. Senate seat in Illinois.[33][34][29] Abraham served as president from 1997 until 2006 when Dannenfelser became president.

In 2000 the SBA List contributed $25,995 to its favored candidates, in contrast to the WISH List and EMILY's List, which contributed $608,273 and $20 million, respectively, to their favored candidates.[35][36]

Recent history

Contributions from supporters grew by 50% from 2007 to 2009.[37] As of December 2009, the SBA List had outspent the National Organization for Women in every election cycle since 1996.[38]

In April 2003, Representative Marilyn Musgrave (left) received an award from SBA List President Jane Abraham.

Former Congresswoman Marilyn Musgrave joined the SBA List in March 2009 and works as a project director and spokesperson.[39] The organization tried to keep abortion coverage out of any health care reform legislation in 2009 and 2010.[40] It had targeted Senator Bob Casey to ensure abortion was not covered in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA),[41][42] and lobbied for the Stupak-Pitts Amendment to H.R. 3962[43] The group criticized Senator Ben Nelson for what it called a "fake compromise" on abortion in the PPACA[44] and condemned the Christmas Eve passage of the Senate bill.[45]

The group had planned to honor Rep. Bart Stupak (D-MI) at its March gala, but after Stupak's deal with President Obama, in which Obama would issue an executive order banning federal funding for abortion under the bill,[46] Stupak was stripped of his "Defender of Life Award" three days before the gala because of the SBA List's doubts, shared by the most prominent anti-abortion groups, about the effectiveness of the Executive Order.[47][48] Stupak had told Dannenfelser, "They [the Democratic leadership] know I won't fold. There is no way."[49] On the day of the vote, Dannenfelser said she promised Stupak that the SBA List was "going to be involved in your defeat".[49] In a statement, Dannenfelser said, "We were planning to honor Congressman Stupak for his efforts to keep abortion-funding out of health care reform. We will no longer be doing so...Let me be clear: any representative, including Rep. Stupak, who votes for this health care bill can no longer call themselves 'pro-life.'"[46] No one received the award in his place, and Dannenfelser instead used the occasion to condemn Stupak.[50] The group dropped its plans to help Stupak fend off a primary challenge[50] from Connie Saltonstall, who decided to challenge Stupak on the basis of his anti-abortion views.[51] Stupak later dropped out of the race, announcing his retirement from Congress.[52]

In 2010, the SBA List hosted events featuring prominent anti-abortion political figures as speakers, including Sarah Palin, Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty and Rep. Michele Bachmann.[53][54]

In August 2010, to commemorate the 90th anniversary of the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote, the SBA List held a colloquium with five scholars at the Yale Club of New York City, billed as "A Conversation on Pro-Life Feminism".[55][56]

An SBA List project, "Votes Have Consequences", was headed by former Congresswoman Marilyn Musgrave and was aimed at defeating vulnerable candidates in 2010 whom they considered insufficiently anti-abortion, for instance those who supported health care reform.[57] Under this project, the group endorsed Dan Coats of Indiana for Senate against Rep. Brad Ellsworth, who had voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.[58] In January 2011, along with Americans for Tax Reform and The Daily Caller, the organization sponsored a debate between candidates for chair of the Republican National Committee.[59]

Peter Roff writing for U.S. News and World Report credited the SBA List for the passage in the House of an amendment to defund Planned Parenthood of federal dollars for fiscal year 2011.[60] Writing for In These Times, social media activist Sady Doyle wrote that in striving against Planned Parenthood, the SBA List registered its priority as ending abortion rather than helping women prevent unwanted pregnancies.[61]

In March 2011, the SBA List teamed with Live Action for a bus tour through 13 congressional districts either thanking or condemning their representatives for their votes to defund Planned Parenthood of tax dollars in the Pence Amendment. In response, Planned Parenthood launched its own tour to follow the SBA List bus.[62] The SBA List also bought $200,000 in radio and television ads backing six Republicans who voted to defund Planned Parenthood in response to a $200,000 ad buy by Planned Parenthood against the Pence Amendment.[63]

In July 2011, the SBA List held a rally in New Hampshire supporting the New Hampshire Executive Council's decision to cut off state funding for Planned Parenthood.[64] The SBA List has lobbied for passage of the Pain Capable Unborn Child Protection Act, a federal bill which would ban abortions after 20 weeks.[65] Also in 2011, the SBA List founded the Charlotte Lozier Institute. Named after Charlotte Denman Lozier, the Institute has served as the SBA List's research and education institute ever since.[66]

In May 2018, President Donald Trump addressed the SBA List's 11th Annual Campaign for Life Gala, becoming the first sitting President to address the group.[67][68][69] In his address, Trump asked listeners to "vote for life."[70]

Strategies

The SBA List employs many strategies in order to attract the public to its mission. Lawyer and Scholar Tali Leinwand explains that the SBA List encourages Republicans not to endorse personhood amendments, and attempts to link the anti-abortion movement to less controversial causes like opposition to the Affordable Care Act.[71] These strategies, Leinwand argues, attempt to de-stigmatize the anti-abortion movement.[71]

Elections

2006 elections

The 2006 midterm elections were very successful for the SBA list. They won 21 of the 38 contests that they endorsed.[72]

2008 presidential election
Sarah Palin on the campaign trail in 2008

The SBA List gained renewed attention during the 2008 presidential election following Sarah Palin's nomination for Vice President. They had endorsed her 2006 run for governor of Alaska.[73] In 2008, the SBA List also started a social networking service and blog called "Team Sarah", which is "dedicated to advancing the values that Sarah Palin represents in the political process".[74]

Palin headlined the organization's 2010 "Celebration of Life" breakfast fundraiser, an event which got extensive media coverage and in which she coined the term "mama grizzly".[75][76][77][78]

According to Politico, Palin's criteria for endorsing candidates is whether they have the support of the Tea Party movement and whether they have the support of the SBA List.[79]

2009 elections

In the 2009 special election to fill the vacant House seat for the New York's 23rd congressional district in upstate New York, the group endorsed Doug Hoffman, the candidate of the Conservative Party of New York, over the Republican candidate, Dede Scozzafava, who favors abortion rights.[80][81] The SBA List spent over $100,000 on Hoffman's behalf,[82] joining with the National Organization for Marriage and other socially conservative groups in supporting Hoffman's campaign.[83]

2010 elections

For the 2010 elections, the SBA List planned to spend $6 million[84] (including $3 million solely on U.S. Senate races[85]) and endorsed several dozen candidates.[86] The SBA List spent nearly $1.7 million on independent expenditure campaigns for or against 50 candidates.[87]

The SBA List conducted a 23-city bus tour to the Congressional districts of self-described "pro-life" Democrats in Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania who voted for the health care reform bill and to rally supporters to vote them out.[88][89][90] The bus tour attracted counterprotests at some stops, such as one in Pennsylvania where a group called Catholics United accused the SBA List of lying about health care reform.[91]

The organization launched a "Life Speaking Out" petition to urge the Republican Party to include opposition to abortion in its Pledge to America.[92] The petition was sent with over 20,000 signatures on it.[93][94]

In the California Senate race, the group endorsed Carly Fiorina against incumbent Senator Barbara Boxer,[95] and spent slightly under $235,000 in independent expenditures in support of Fiorina.[96] The SBA List partnered with the National Organization for Marriage to air Spanish-language TV commercials attacking Boxer's positions on abortion and gay marriage.[97][98] However, Boxer prevailed over Fiorina in the November 2010 election.[99]

Other notable endorsements included Sharron Angle, who unsuccessfully[100] challenged incumbent Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid in Nevada; the SBA List endorsed Angle despite having previously endorsed Angle's primary opponent, Sue Lowden.[101][102] In September 2010, the SBA List launched a $150,000 campaign on behalf of New Hampshire Senate candidate Kelly Ayotte for the Republican primary.[103] Ayotte won the primary to become the nominee,[104] and later prevailed in the general election.[105] In October 2010, the SBA List endorsed Joe Miller, Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate in Alaska.[106] The SBA List endorsed Miller after Sen. Lisa Murkowski decided to stage a write-in campaign after losing the Republican primary to Miller, and they launched a $10,000 radio campaign to air ads attacking Murkowski for turning a "deaf ear" to the will of voters who voted her out in the primary.[107] Murkowski defeated Miller, who conceded after two months of court battles over contested ballots.[108]

Driehaus political ad litigation
See also: Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus

In the 2010 campaign, the organization purchased billboard advertisements in the district of Rep. Steve Driehaus of Ohio that showed a photo of Driehaus and intoned, "Shame on Steve Driehaus! Driehaus voted FOR taxpayer-funded abortion"[109] The advertisement referred to Driehaus's vote in favor of the health care overhaul bill.[110][111] The SBA List has taken the position that the legislation in question allows for taxpayer-funded abortion, a claim which was ruled by a judge to be factually incorrect.[112]

In response, Driehaus, who represented Ohio's heavily anti-abortion[109] 1st congressional district, filed a complaint with the Ohio Elections Commission (OEC), saying the advertisements were false and violated Ohio election law.[113] The OEC ruled in Driehaus' favor in a probable cause hearing on October 14, 2010.[114] In response, the SBA List asked a federal judge to issue an injunction against the OEC on the grounds that the law at issue stifles free speech[113][115] and that its ads were based on the group's own interpretation of the law.[112] The ACLU of Ohio filed an 18-page amicus brief on the SBA List's behalf, arguing that the Ohio law in question is "unconstitutionally vague" and has a "chilling" effect on the SBA List's right to freedom of speech.[116][117] A federal judge rejected the SBA List's federal lawsuit on abstention grounds and allowed Driehaus's OEC complaint to move forward.[110][118]

After the OEC complaint was filed, the SBA List began airing a radio ad in Driehaus's district in which Dannenfelser stated that the group "[would] not be silenced or intimidated" by Driehaus's legal action.[119] Driehaus persuaded the billboard company to withdraw the SBA List's advertisement, which was never erected.[111] Driehaus lost the seat to Steve Chabot, the incumbent whom Driehaus had defeated two years earlier, in the November general election. Driehaus sued the SBA List in a second case on December 3, 2010, accusing the organization of defamation that caused him a "loss of livelihood",[120] arguing the "First Amendment is not and never has been an invitation to concoct falsehoods aimed at depriving a person of his livelihood".[111] The SBA List countered by stating the organization would "continue to defend the truth and the right to criticize our elected officials".[111]

The List continued to seek to have the law in question overturned; the ACLU joined in the organization's fight against the law.[121] On August 1, 2011, judge Timothy Black dismissed the SBA List's challenge to the Ohio law, holding that the federal court lacked jurisdiction since the billboards were never erected and the OEC never made a final ruling[122] and denied a motion for summary judgment by the List in the defamation case, allowing Driehaus's defamation claims regarding other SBA List statements to go forward.[123] Black also directed the SBA List to desist from claiming on its website that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) subsidized abortion as the law does not directly mention abortion.[124] SBA List argued that its statements were opinions and were thus protected, but the court rejected this argument given that SBA List itself had claimed that this was a "fact".[125][126]

On August 19, 2011, the SBA List appealed the decision on the Ohio law to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals.[127] In May 2013, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the SBA List could not challenge the law under the First Amendment.[128] On August 9, 2013, the SBA List petitioned the United States Supreme Court to review the law.[129][130] On January 10, 2014, the Supreme Court accepted the case. The Court heard the case on April 22, 2014.[131]

On June 16, 2014, the United States Supreme Court ruled 9-0 in SBA List's favor, allowing them to proceed in challenging the constitutionality of the law.[132]

On September 11, 2014, Judge Timothy Black of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio struck down the law as unconstitutional.[133] Black said in his ruling, "We do not want the government (i. e., the Ohio Elections Commission) deciding what is political truth — for fear that the government might persecute those who criticize it. Instead, in a democracy, the voters should decide."[134]

2011 elections

In October 2011, the SBA List announced it would involve itself in the 2011 Virginia state Senate elections, endorsing challengers Bryce Reeves against Edd Houck, Caren Merrick against Barbara Favola for an open seat, Patricia Phillips against Mark Herring, and incumbent Sen. Jill Vogel in an effort to flip control of the state Senate, which the group described as a "graveyard for pro-life legislation".[135] It also announced it was spending $25,000 against Sen. Edd Houck to expose his "extreme record on abortion".[136] Merrick and Phillips lost, but Vogel won re-election and Reeves defeated Houck by just 222 votes.[137]

2012 presidential election

In 2011, the SBA List began to ask 2012 Republican presidential candidates to sign a pledge to appointing only anti-abortion judicial nominees and cabinet members, preventing taxpayer funding of abortion, and supporting legislation to ban abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy based on the fetal pain concept.[138] Candidates Rick Perry, Tim Pawlenty, Michele Bachmann, Newt Gingrich, Rick Santorum, Thaddeus McCotter, Herman Cain, and Ron Paul all signed the pledge, but Mitt Romney, Jon Huntsman, Jr., and Gary Johnson declined. Romney's refusal (he said the pledge might have "unintended consequences") sparked heated criticism from the SBA List, some of the other candidates, and political observers given Romney's past support for legalized abortion.[138][139][140] Huntsman said he would not sign any pledges from political groups during the campaign[141] and was criticized by the SBA List as well.[141] Cain initially said he agreed with the first three parts, but objected to the wording in the pledge which said he would have to "advance" the fetal pain bill; he said he would sign it but Congress would have to advance it.[142] Cain later signed the pledge in November 2011.[143] Johnson, who supports abortion rights, declined.

In August 2011, the SBA List, along with the Family Research Council and National Organization for Marriage, conducted a "Values Voter Bus Tour" in Iowa ahead of the Iowa Straw Poll.[144] Candidates Pawlenty, Bachmann, and Santorum and other Republican elected officials, including Iowa Lt. Gov. Kim Reynolds and Reps. Steve King and Louie Gohmert, joined.[144][145]

The SBA List endorsed Rick Santorum for the nomination,[146] spending $512,000 on his behalf.[147]

After Mitt Romney became the presumptive nominee for the Republican Party, the SBA List declared that former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was unqualified for Vice President due to her describing herself as "mildly pro-choice".[148][149]

In August, SBA released an ad featuring anti-abortion activist Melissa Ohden who says she survived an abortion in 1977. The ad criticized Barack Obama, saying that while serving in the Illinois Senate, he voted four times to deny medical care to infants born alive during failed abortion procedures.[150][151] In a 2008 analysis, FactCheck drew a mixed conclusion overall, finding both the SBA List and Obama had made misleading and/or inaccurate comments regarding Obama's voting record on the topic in question while he served in the United States Senate.[150][152]

2013 Virginia gubernatorial election

The SBA List made the 2013 Virginia gubernatorial election a priority for 2013, endorsing Ken Cuccinelli and pledging to spend $1.5 million in the election through its Virginia PAC, Women Speak Out. Cuccinelli was defeated narrowly in the general election by Democratic nominee Terry McAuliffe.[153][154]

2014 elections

The SBA List sought to spend $8 million to $10 million on elections in 2014.[155]

2016 elections

The SBA List spent $18 million in the 2016 elections.[156]

2017 elections

SBAL endorsed Karen Handel in the June 2017 special election for Georgia's 6th congressional district, spending $90,000 to support Handel.[157]

2018 elections

The SBA List typically endorses Republicans, but in 2018 they endorsed Democrat Dan Lipinski in a primary election against his challenger, Marie Newman, who favors abortion rights. The SBA List spent six figures on direct mail and other advertising for Lipinski in his primary, and sent a 70-person canvassing team to turn out voters for Lipinski.[158][159] Lipinski is one of the few Democrats left that the group considers an ally, and Dannenfelser called him "a pro-life hero of legendary courage and integrity".[160][158] After Lipinski voted against the Affordable Care Act due to concerns over taxpayer funding of abortion, the group told him "that they would always be there to fight for him if he ever came under fire."[160] Lipinski won the primary by roughly 2,000 votes, and the SBA List, which knocked on 17,000 doors in the district to support Lipinski,[161] was credited with helping to pull him across the finish line.[162][160]

See also

References
  1. Kennedy, Angela (1997). Swimming against the tide: feminist dissent on the issue of abortion. Open Air. p. 117. ISBN 1-85182-267-4. Rachel MacNair ...is the founder of the Susan B. Anthony List...
  2. "People At". Susan B. Anthony List. Archived from the original on January 30, 1998. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  3. "SUSAN B ANTHONY LIST INC - GuideStar Profile". www2.guidestar.org.
  4. "SBA List Mission: Advancing, Mobilizing and Representing Pro-Life Women". Susan B. Anthony List. Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2014. ...dedicated to electing candidates and pursuing policies that will reduce and ultimately end abortion...
  5. Electing Archived 2010-06-24 at the Wayback Machine, Susan B. Anthony List website; accessed June 17, 2014.
  6. "SBA List History".
  7. "SBA List endorsement process". Archived from the original on 2010-06-24.
  8. Gordon, Ann D.; Sherr, Lynn (May 21, 2010). "Sarah Palin Is No Susan B. Anthony". On Faith (blog). WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  9. Sadler, Joanne (1997). "Pro-Life Women for Congress". Crisis. Brownson Institute. 15 (1): 30–33.
  10. Alexander, Herbert E.; Corrado, Anthony (1995). Financing the 1992 election. American political institutions and public policy. 9. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 212–213. ISBN 1-56324-437-3.
  11. "National Women's Coalition for Life Statement of Commitment". Priests for Life. April 3, 1992. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  12. Felder, Deborah G. (2003). "A Century of Women: The Most Influential Events in Twentieth-Century Women's History". Citadel Press. p. 304.
  13. "Feminist launches PAC for pro-lifers – Sees lopsided 'Year of the Woman'". The Washington Times. San Francisco, California. November 7, 1992. As a feminist who opposes abortion, Rachel MacNair could find only one flaw in Tuesday's 'Year of the Woman' electoral triumph. All the women newly elected to the House and Senate were pro-choice. That's no accident, she says, since women's fund-raising organizations like EMILY's List and WISH List refuse to support pro-life candidates... 'We want good records on women's rights - probably not Phyllis Schlafly,' said Ms. MacNair. Candidates from the right wing 'are precisely who we're not going to be supporting.'
  14. Day, Christine L.; Hadley, Charles D. (2005). Women's PACs: abortion and elections. Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 21. ISBN 0-13-117448-7. When listed together, the three PACs will generally be listed in the order in which they were founded: EMILY's List in 1986, The WISH List in 1992, and the Anthony List in 1993.
  15. Stange, Mary Zeiss; Oyster, Carol K.; Sloan, Jane E. (2011). Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World. SAGE. p. 474. ISBN 978-1-4129-7685-5.
  16. The SBA List was formed as a political action committee with the Federal Election Commission identification number C00280057.
  17. "Feminist Launches Pro-Life Political Action Committee (PAC)". Life Communications. 3 (19). September 1993.
  18. Zuckerman, Ed (1994). Almanac of federal PACs. Amward Publications. p. 354. ISBN 0-939676-11-7.
  19. "Page by Page Report Display (Page 1 of 2)". Federal Election Commission. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  20. "Page by Page Report Display (page 6 of 13)". Federal Election Commission. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  21. Esposito, Joseph (November 22, 1998). "Efforts to Elect Pro-Life Women Are Paying Off: In short time, political neophytes' initiative has become a growing force". National Catholic Register. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  22. Groer, Anne (May 1993). Working Woman. MacDonald Communications. 18: 10. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. "Commentary". Fidelity. Wanderer Forum Foundation. 12: 24. 1992. To counter the influx of prochoice women who have just entered Congress, Rachel MacNair, head of Feminists for Life, has formed a political action committee ... To the consternation of feminist prochoicers, she's named it the Susan B. Anthony List.
  24. "Susan B. Anthony: Pro-life Feminist", The Washington Post, May 2010; accessed June 17, 2014.
  25. "SBA List – Early Suffragists". Archived from the original on 2010-01-15.
  26. Marjorie Dannenfelser (February 15, 2010). "Happy 190th Birthday Suzy B!". Susan B. Anthony List. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  27. Whitehead, D. (2011). "Feminism, Religion, and the Politics of History". Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 27(2), 3-9. doi:10.2979/jfemistudreli.27.2.3
  28. "Rochester Icon Defamed by National Political Action Group". Susan B. Anthony Museum and House. October 9, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  29. Stevens, Allison (September 22, 2006). "Election Victories Reveal a PAC's Rising Influence". Women's eNews. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  30. Harper D. Ward. "Misrepresenting Susan B. Anthony on Abortion". Susan B. Anthony Museum and House. Retrieved October 9, 2019. The "child-murder" article appeared in Anthony's newspaper and was signed "A". According to Ward, Susan B. Anthony signed her articles as "SBA". Ward said that another article in her newspaper that was signed "A" took issue with one of its editorials, generating a discussion in which the editors referred its author as "Mr. A."
  31. Ertelt, Steve (July 1994). "Announcements: Susan B. Anthony List Seeks Support". Life Communications. 4 (10).
  32. "Leadership". Susan B. Anthony List. Archived from the original on August 15, 2000. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  33. "Susan B. Anthony List Contributions to Federal Candidates – 1998". Influence & Lobbying: PACs. OpenSecrets.org. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
  34. Morris, Dwight (December 7, 1998). "The Bogeyman Unmasked: TV in the '98 Senate Races". Washington Post. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
  35. Swers, Michele L. (2002). The difference women make: the policy impact of women in Congress. University of Chicago Press. p. 155. ISBN 0-226-78647-1.
  36. Wayne, Stephen J.; Wilcox, Clyde (2002). The election of the century and what it tells us about the future of American politics. M.E. Sharpe. p. 118. ISBN 0-7656-0743-3.
  37. "Health Bill Revives Abortion Groups", New York Times, November 24, 2009.
  38. Under Obama, Abortion Rights Advocates Try To Build Steam, nationaljournal.com, December 2009; accessed June 17, 2014.
  39. "Former Rep. Musgrave Takes Job With Susan B. Anthony List". Roll Call. 12 March 2009.
  40. "Abortion Foes Aren't Buying Obama's Assurances", Los Angeles Times
  41. "The Abortion Hurdle: Can a Pro-Life Dem Bridge the Health Care Divide?", time.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  42. "Group Runs Anti-Abortion Ad Against Casey", cqpolitics.com, December 2009; accessed June 17, 2014.
  43. "Pro-Life Groups Applaud Passage of Stupak Amendment to Stop Abortion Funding", LifeNews
  44. "Pro-Life Group Blasts Nelson Compromise", politico.com, December 2009; accessed June 17, 2014.
  45. "Reaction from Across Political Spectrum to Health Vote", Boston Globe, December 2009.
  46. "Choice, Life Groups Slam Obama Order on Abortion Funding", Fox News, March 21, 2010.
  47. "Stupak Award Rescinded", CNN, Mar. 22, 2010
  48. "Stupak Stripped of 'Defender of Life' Award He Was to Receive this Week", The Hill
  49. Horowitz, Jason (14 May 2010). "Woman who supported abortion rights experienced evolution that changed her mind". Washington Post.
  50. "Without Stupak, Anti-Abortion Group's Dinner Goes On", New York Times, March 24, 2010.
  51. Saltonstall, Connie (31 May 2010). "Why I Decided to Challenge Bart Stupak in the Democratic Primary".
  52. Davey, Monica (2010-04-09). "Under Fire for Abortion Deal, Stupak to Retire". The New York Times. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
  53. "Tim Pawlenty, Michele Bachmann Headline Anti-Abortion Fundraiser" Politico, March 2010]
  54. "Susan B. Anthony Gala" The Hill
  55. "Reaching Out to the Woman in the Yellow Sweater", Slate, The XX Factor Blog, August 26, 2010
  56. "A Conversation on Pro-life Feminism", SBA List website; accessed June 17, 2014.
  57. "Musgrave to Pilot Pro-Life Push", Politico, March 2009; accessed June 17, 2014.
  58. "Indiana Senate Candidate Dan Coats Gets Pro-Life Backing Over Ellsworth", lifenews.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  59. "Steele Meets Challengers For GOP Chairmanship", npr.org, January 3, 2011; accessed June 17, 2014.
  60. "House Votes to Defund Planned Parenthood Over Abortion", February 18, 2011.
  61. Doyle, Sady (January 13, 2012). "The Susan B. Anthony List's Situational Feminism". In These Times.
  62. "LiveAction, Planned Parenthood Embark On Rival Bus Tours".
  63. "Planned Parenthood, Susan B. Anthony List put up dueling ads", washingtonpost.com, February 2011; accessed June 17, 2014.
  64. N.H. activists laud end of Planned Parenthood contract, necn.com, July 15, 2011; accessed June 17, 2014.
  65. Bolton, Alexander (May 13, 2014). "McConnell and Graham push for abortion ban at 20 weeks". The Hill.
  66. "About Us". Charlotte Lozier Institute website. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
  67. "Trump touts anti-abortion agenda at gala speech". CNN. May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
  68. "Trump wades into abortion politics as midterms approach". CBS News. May 22, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  69. "Trump, speaking at pro-life gala, urges supporters to vote 'for life,' GOP]". Fox. May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
  70. "Trump Rallies Conservatives With Promise Of More Abortion Curbs," HuffPost, May 23, 2018, retrieved May 26, 2018.
  71. Leinwand, Tali (2016). "STRANGE BEDFELLOWS: THE DESTIGMATIZATION OF ANTI-ABORTION REFORM". Columbia Journal of Gender and Law. 30: 529–548. ProQuest 1779236190.
  72. Crespin, M., & Deitz, J. (2010). If You Can't Join 'Em, Beat 'Em: The Gender Gap in Individual Donations to Congressional Candidates. Political Research Quarterly, 63(3), 581-593. JSTOR 25747960
  73. "Pro-Life Groups Excited John McCain Picks Sarah Palin, Both Oppose Abortion", LifeNews
  74. "Team Sarah" website, teamsarah.org; accessed June 17, 2014.
  75. "Palin Hits Campaign Trail for Anti-Abortion Group", CNN, May 14, 2010.
  76. "Sarah Palin Boosts 'Mom Awakening'", Politico, May 14, 2010.
  77. "Sarah Palin Issues a Call to Action to 'Mama Grizzlies'", Washington Post, May 14, 2010.
  78. "Palin Tells Women's Group Washington Should Beware of 'Mama Grizzlies'", Associated Press, May 14, 2010.
  79. "Sarah Palin, Mike Huckabee bid for conservative base", Politico; accessed June 17, 2014.
  80. "Club for Growth Backs Hoffman, Too", The Hill; accessed June 17, 2014.
  81. Bill Pascoe, The New York 23 hits its tipping point", NBC News (October 29, 2009).
  82. SBA List 2009 independent expenditures, Center for Responsive Politics.
  83. "Conservative Loses Upstate House Race in Blow to Right", November 4, 2009; accessed June 17, 2014.
  84. "For GOP Women, 2010 May Not Be Their Year", Los Angeles Times, July 24, 2010.
  85. "Abortion an issue in Senate races".
  86. "Susan B. Anthony List Candidate Fund: 2010 Endorsed Candidates".
  87. SBA List expenditures, Center for Responsive Politics; accessed June 17, 2014.
  88. "Celebrating 'Suffrage to Success': Are All Women Invited to the Party?", Politics Daily, August 8, 2010.
  89. "Organization to Host Bus Tour", thebraziltimes.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  90. "First Stop for Pro-Life Bus Tour: Cincinnati", August 6, 2010; accessed June 17, 2014.
  91. "Catholic Groups Protest SBA List Tour", politico.com, August 2010; accessed June 17, 2014.
  92. "Some Supporters Fret as GOP Readies Agenda - RealClearPolitics".
  93. "Abortion activists target GOP".
  94. Social conservatives confident views will be in new GOP contract, thehill.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  95. "Fiorina Endorsed by Major Anti-Abortion Group in California Senate Race", thehill.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  96. Louis Jacobson, Carly Fiorina says Planned Parenthood gives 'millions' to candidates, Politifact (October 5, 2015).
  97. "Conservatives hit Boxer on marriage, abortion, in Spanish", politico.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  98. "Outside groups appeal to Latinos on Fiorina's behalf". Los Angeles Times. 6 October 2010.
  99. "Barbara Boxer defeats Carly Fiorina in Senate race".
  100. "Senate Democratic Leader Reid Wins Re-Election Bid" – via www.bloomberg.com.
  101. "Pro-Life Group Endorses Sue Lowden for Senate", CNN, Mar. 30, 2010
  102. "Pro-Life Groups Back Sharron Angle in Nevada After Primary Election Victory", LifeNews
  103. "SBA List works to boost Ayotte in final stretch".
  104. "Ayotte wins GOP nod in N.H."
  105. "Ayotte wins U.S. Senate seat". Unionleader.com. Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  106. "Susan B Anthony List endorses Miller".
  107. "Anti-abortion group backs Miller, targets Sen. Murkowski", thehill.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  108. "Miller Ends Fight, Concedes Alaska Race", foxnews.com, December 31, 2010; accessed June 17, 2014.
  109. "Driehaus sues to stop abortion attacks".
  110. "Driehaus suit against SBA List moves forward", politico.com; December 3, 2010; accessed June 17, 2014.
  111. "Defeated Pro-Life Democrat Driehaus Sues Pro-Life Group", lifenews.com, December 3, 2010; accessed June 17, 2014.
  112. Judge: Reform doesn't fund abortion, politico.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  113. "Ohio Democrat files election complaint over pro-life group's billboard", catholicnewsagency.com; accessed May 31, 2014.
  114. SUSAN B. ANTHONY LIST ET AL. v. DRIEHAUS ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT No. 13–193
  115. Susan B. Anthony List (18 October 2010). "Fox News: SBA List Fights for Billboards in Ohio (Full Story)" – via YouTube.
  116. "ACLU joins fight over anti-Driehaus billboards", cincinnati.com; October 20, 2010; accessed June 17, 2014.
  117. "ACLU of Ohio Files Amicus Brief on SBA List's Behalf - Susan B. Anthony List". www.sba-list.org.
  118. "Federal Judge Denies Ohio Election Law Challenge From Susan B. Anthony List", medicalnewstoday.com; accessed May 31, 2014.
  119. "SBA List: What Rep. Driehaus Doesn't Want You to Hear". PodOmatic.
  120. "Rep. Driehaus files defamation lawsuit over SBA List's abortion funding claims", catholicnewsagency.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  121. Battle over Ohio law that targeted anti-abortion ads heats up, thehill.com; accessed May 31, 2014.
  122. "Cincinnati Enquirer - cincinnati.com". Cincinnati.com.
  123. Order at Justia website; retrieved August 3, 2011.
  124. Mann, Benjamin. "Defamation Lawsuit Against Susan B. Anthony List Continues". NCRegister.com. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  125. Bassett, Laura (October 13, 2011). "Protect Life Act Passes House: Congress Passes Controversial Anti-Abortion Bill". Huffington Post. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
  126. Baker, Sam (August 1, 2011). "Court: No tax-funded abortion in healthcare law". The Hill.
  127. Baker, Sam (18 August 2011). "SBA List appeals ruling on healthcare law and abortion".
  128. SBA List Petitions Supreme Court in First Amendment Case, sba-list.org; accessed May 31, 2014.
  129. "Anti-abortion group asks Supreme Court to strike limits on political speech", thehill.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  130. Supreme Court petition No. 13-193, supremecourt.gov; accessed May 31, 2014.
  131. Susan B. Anthony List, et al. v. Steven Driehaus, et al., no. 13-193, (docket); retrieved April 7, 2014.
  132. Justices rule for SBA List in speech case, thehill.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  133. "Judge strikes down Ohio law on election lies".
  134. "Case No. 1:10-cv-720" (PDF).
  135. "Pro-Life Group to Target Houck, Announces Virginia State Senate Endorsements - Susan B. Anthony List". www.sba-list.org.
  136. "Anti-abortion group targets Sen. Houck". Washington Post.
  137. "Democrat Edd Houck concedes Virginia Senate race; Republicans lock up hold on power". Washington Post.
  138. McKelway, Doug (20 June 2011). "Frontrunner Romney Takes Heat Over Abortion Pledge".
  139. "Ron Paul Adviser Criticizes Mitt Romney For Declining Abortion Pledge", huffingtonpost.com, June 20, 2011; accessed June 17, 2014.
  140. "Michele Bachmann becomes third GOPer to get glittered, blasts Mitt Romney for his abortion policy", nydailynews.com, June 20, 2011; accessed June 17, 2014.
  141. "Susan B. Anthony List keeps up anti-abortion pledge pressure", politico.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  142. "Herman Cain Declines to Sign Pro-Life Pledge". ABC News.
  143. "Herman Cain signs anti-abortion pledge", politico.com, November 2011; accessed June 17, 2014.
  144. Social cons tour Iowa ahead of straw poll
  145. "Pawlenty, Santorum to join socially conservative bus tour", thehill.com; accessed June 17, 2014.
  146. Maggie Haberman, Anti-abortion group SBA List to endorse Santorum, Politico (February 17, 2012).
  147. Targeted Candidates, 2012 Cycle, Center for Responsive Politics.
  148. Burns, Alexander (July 13, 2012). "SBA List: Condoleezza Rice unacceptable". Politico.
  149. Yadron, Danny (July 13, 2012). "Anti-Abortion Activists Call Rice Unqualified". Wall Street Journal.
  150. Flock, Elizabeth (August 29, 2012). "Alleged Abortion Survivor Ad Airs in Missouri". U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
  151. Burns, Alexander (August 27, 2012). "SBA List to launch Missouri ads against Obama on abortion". Retrieved September 9, 2012.
  152. Henig, Jess (August 25, 2008), Obama and 'Infanticide': The facts about Obama's votes against 'Born Alive' bills in Illinois, retrieved September 24, 2012
  153. Haines, Errin, Women's issues factoring into Va. governor's race early, The Washington Post, February 28, 2013; accessed May 31, 2014.
  154. Anti-abortion group Susan B. Anthony List endorses Ken Cuccinelli, politico.com; accessed May 31, 2014.
  155. Susan B. Anthony List targets Democrats, politico.com, February 2014; accessed June 17, 2014.
  156. Ripley, Amanda, What it will take for women to win, Politico, December 6, 2017.
  157. Hagen, Liz, "Abortion Rights, Opposition Groups Spend $1M On 6th District Race", WABE, June 23, 2017.
  158. Anti-abortion group tries to rescue a ... Democrat (!) (McClatchy DC)
  159. Kamisar, Ben, "Anti-abortion group rallies behind Dem in primary fight", The Hill, March 15, 2018.
  160. Why an Anti-Abortion Advocacy Group Went All-In for an Illinois Democrat
  161. Anti-Abortion Advocates Don't Usually Support Democrats, But They Are Going All In For One In Illinois (BuzzFeed)
  162. AN ANTI-ABORTION GROUP HELPED DAN LIPINSKI TO VICTORY—NOW THEY'RE GOING AFTER OTHER PRO-LIFE DEMOCRATS (Newsweek)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.