Tarawih

Tarawih (Arabic: تراويح‎, literally "rest and relaxation", a term introduced later and actually called Qiyam al-Layl and Tahajjud in Qur'an and Sahih Hadith) refers to additional ritual prayers performed by Muslims at night after the Isha prayer during the holy month of Ramadan. It may involve reading one Juz' (Arabic: جُزْء, i.e. a section of the Quran 1/30 its length, which generally takes somewhere between 20–60 minutes), and usually is 8 or 10 raka'at, lasting well over an hour in total. According to some scholars, one performs 20 rakats. Unlike the five daily salat ritual prayers which are fard (obligatory) under Islamic law, tarawih is from the sunnah (recommended or lit. words and acts of the prophet Muhammad).[1]

This is a sub-article of Sunnah salat and Ramadan.

Tarawih
Tarawih prayer at Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia.
Official nameصلاة التراويح
Also calledNight Ramadhan prayer
Observed byMuslims
TypeIslamic
SignificanceA Muslim prayer offered to God yearly in Ramadhan month.
ObservancesSunnah prayers
BeginsIsha prayer
EndsDawn
FrequencyYearly
Related toSalah, Nafl prayer, Five Pillars of Islam
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Tarawih prayer at Taipei Grand Mosque, Taiwan.

Name variations

Overview

Tarawih prayers begin from the first Moon-sighted evening (start) to second Moon-sighted evening (last day of Ramadan). This prayer is performed in congregation during Ramadan of the Islamic calendar, after Isha (and before Witr, which is also prayed following the imam who leads the prayer aloud in one or three rakats unlike how it is done in other eleven months).

Tarawih prayers are prayed in pairs of two. According to the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam, the standard number of rakats is twenty referring it to a narration in Muwatta' Imam Malik which said that "In the time of Umar, the people used to offer 20 raka'āt". But it is clearly mentioned in the Muwatta' before the said narration that when Umar assigned duty to Ubay ibn Ka'b and Tamim al-Dari to lead the Tarawih, he ordered them to offer 11 rakats (8 of tarawih and 3 of witr). Sunni Muslims believe it is customary to attempt a takmil ("complete recitation" of the Quran) as one of the religious observances of Ramadan, by reciting at least one juz' per night in tarawih.

Tarawih prayers are considered optional (sunnah), not obligatory.[2]

Background

The Sunni prayer Tarawih has been mentioned in traditions as Qiyam al-Layl min Ramadan ("Standing of night in Ramadan") and Qiyam al-Ramadan ("Standing of Ramadan"). Some Sunni Muslims regard the Tarawih prayers as Sunnat al-Mu'akkadah. Other Sunni Muslims believe Tarawih is an optional prayer that may be performed at home. According to this tradition, Muhammad initially and briefly prayed the Tarawih in congregation during Ramadan, but discontinued this practice out of concern it would be mandated, yet he never forbade it.[3] During the time when Umar was the caliph, he reinstated the praying of Tarawih in congregation.[4]

Shia Muslims regard Tarawih as bid‘ah, introduced after the death of Muhammad by Umar ibn al-Khattab, according to his own words.[5]

A hadith from (Shia) kitab al-kafi: ‘Abu ‘Abdallah, peace be upon him, has said that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him and his progeny, would increase his prayer during the month of Ramadan. After Al-‘Atmah (late evening prayer, he would perform more prayers. People behind would stand up (for prayer), but he would go inside and leave them. Then, after he came out, they would come and stand up behind him (for prayer), but he would leave them and go inside several times’. He (the narrator) has said that the Imam then said: ‘You must not perform prayer after late evening prayer during the times other than the month of Ramadan’. [ِAl-Kafi by Al-Kulayni, vol. 4, p. 154-155, declared SAHIH by Majlisi in his Mir’ah Al-‘Uqul 16/378a] [6]

Muhammad al-Bukhari narrated regarding the Tarawih prayer in Sahih al-Bukhari:

"I went out in the company of Umar bin Al-Khattab one night in Ramadan to the mosque and found the people praying in different groups. A man praying alone or a man praying with a little group behind him. So, 'Umar said, 'In my opinion I would better collect these (people) under the leadership of one Qari (Reciter) (i.e. let them pray in congregation!)'. So, he made up his mind to congregate them behind Ubai bin Ka'b. Then on another night I went again in his company and the people were praying behind their reciter. On that, 'Umar remarked, 'What an excellent Bid'a (i.e. innovation in religion) this is'.[7]

Instead, Twelvers believe in the Tahajjud prayer or Salat al-Layl ("night prayer"), which is recommended throughout the year, especially during the nights of Ramadan.[8]

See also

References
  1. Faizullah, Sharif (21 May 2019). "Why Taraweeh? What Is Its Meaning and Origin?". aboutislam. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  2. "The Taraweeh Prayer and Its Origins". Arab News. Susi Research & Publishing Company. 12 March 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  3. "The Book of Prayer - Travellers". Book 4, Hadith 1663. Sahih Muslim. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  4. "Praying at Night in Ramadaan (Taraweeh)". Book 32, Hadith 227. Sahih Bukhari. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  5. "Praying at Night in Ramadaan (Taraweeh)". Book 31, Hadith 3. Sahih al-Bukhari. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  6. https://shiascans.com/2017/05/22/tarawih-proven-from-shia-books/
  7. Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muhammad. Sahih al-Bukhari (in Arabic). p. Book 31, Ch. 1, Hadith 3, Nu. 2010. خَرَجْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ لَيْلَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ، إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَإِذَا النَّاسُ أَوْزَاعٌ مُتَفَرِّقُونَ يُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَيُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ فَيُصَلِّي بِصَلاَتِهِ الرَّهْطُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنِّي أَرَى لَوْ جَمَعْتُ هَؤُلاَءِ عَلَى قَارِئٍ وَاحِدٍ لَكَانَ أَمْثَلَ‏.‏ ثُمَّ عَزَمَ فَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ لَيْلَةً أُخْرَى، وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلاَةِ قَارِئِهِمْ، قَالَ عُمَرُ نِعْمَ الْبِدْعَةُ هَذِهِ
  8. "Imam Ali Foundation - Ramadhan Moon Crescent 1436". Archived from the original on 17 June 2015.

Further reading
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