Thalassiosira pseudonana
Thalassiosira pseudonana is a species of marine centric diatoms. It was chosen as the first eukaryotic marine phytoplankton for whole genome sequencing.[1] T. pseudonana was selected for this study because it is a model for diatom physiology studies, belongs to a genus widely distributed throughout the world's oceans, and has a relatively small genome at 34 mega base pairs. Scientists are researching on diatom light absorption, using the marine diatom of Thalassiosira. The diatom requires a high enough concentration of CO2 in order to utilize C4 metabolism, and this positive feedback loop is indicative of how it is responsible for producing 40% of organic carbon for the ocean floor (Clement et al. 2015).[2] An engineered form of the diatom has been considered as a potential drug delivery vehicle for cancer treatment with chemotherapy drugs that are poorly soluble in water.[3]
| Thalassiosira pseudonana | |
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| A Thalassiosira pseudonana oogonium (egg cell) beginning to expand through the cell wall. Artificial coloring denotes chlorophyll (blue) and DNA (red). | |
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| Species: | T. pseudonana |
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| Thalassiosira pseudonana (Cleve, 1873) | |
The clone of T. pseudonana that was sequenced is CCMP 1335 and is available from the National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. This clone was originally collected in 1958 from Moriches Bay (Long Island, New York) and has been maintained continuously in culture.
Symbiosis
Thalassiosira pseudonana and the heterotrophic alphaproteobacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi form a chemical symbiosis in coculture. The bacteria provide vitamin B12 to the diatoms, which in exchange provide organic nutrients to the bacteria. In the presence of the diatom, the bacteria start producing a transporter for dihydroxypropanesulfonate (DHPS), a nutrient produced by the diatom for the bacteria.[4]
References
- Armbrust, E.; Berges, J.; Bowler, C.; Green, B.; Martinez, D.; Putnam, N.; Zhou, S.; Allen, A.; Apt, K.; Bechner, M.; Brzezinski, M. A.; Chaal, B. K.; Chiovitti, A.; Davis, A. K.; Demarest, M. S.; Detter, J. C.; Glavina, T.; Goodstein, D.; Hadi, M. Z.; Hellsten, U.; Hildebrand, M.; Jenkins, B. D.; Jurka, J.; Kapitonov, V. V.; Kröger, N.; Lau, W. W.; Lane, T. W.; Larimer, F. W.; Lippmeier, J. C.; Lucas, S. (2004). "The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: ecology, evolution, and metabolism". Science. 306 (5693): 79–86. Bibcode:2004Sci...306...79A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.690.4884. doi:10.1126/science.1101156. PMID 15459382.
- Clement, R., Dimnet, L., Maberly, S. C., Gontero, B. 2015. The nature of the CO2‐concentrating mechanisms in a marine diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana. New Phytologist Trust 209: 1417-1427.
- Delalat, Bahman; Sheppard, Vonda C.; Rasi Ghaemi, Soraya; Rao, Shasha; Prestidge, Clive A.; McPhee, Gordon; Rogers, Mary-Louise; Donoghue, Jacqueline F.; Pillay, Vinochani; Johns, Terrance G.; Kröger, Nils; Voelcker, Nicolas H. (2015). "Targeted drug delivery using genetically engineered diatom biosilica". Nature Communications. 6: 8791. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.8791D. doi:10.1038/ncomms9791. PMID 26556723.
- Kujawinski, Elizabeth B.; et al. (2016). "The Ocean Microbiome: Metabolic Engine of the Marine Carbon Cycle". Microbe Magazine. 11 (6): 262–267. doi:10.1128/microbe.11.262.1.
Further reading
Meksiarun, Phiranuphon; Spegazzini, Nicolas; Matsui, Hiroaki; Nakajima, Kensuke; Matsuda, Yusuke; Sato, Hidetoshi (January 2015). "In Vivo Study of Lipid Accumulation in the Microalgae Marine Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Using Raman Spectroscopy". Applied Spectroscopy. 69 (1): 45–51. Bibcode:2015ApSpe..69...45M. doi:10.1366/14-07598. PMID 25506782.
Yi, Andy Xianliang; Leung, Priscilla T. Y.; Leung, Kenneth M. Y. (September 2014). "Photosynthetic and molecular responses of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to triphenyltin exposure". Aquatic Toxicology. 154: 48–57. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.05.004. PMID 24858899.
Luo, Chun-Shan; Liang, Jun-Rong; Lin, Qun; Li, Caixia; Bowler, Chris; Anderson, Donald; Wang, Peng; Wang, Xin-Wei; Gao, Ya-Hui (Dec 2014). "Cellular Responses Associated with ROS Production and Cell Fate Decision in Early Stress Response to Iron Limitation in the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana". Journal of Proteome Research. 13 (12): 5510–5523. doi:10.1021/pr5004664. PMC 4261981. PMID 25372880.
Sunda, William G.; Shertzer, Kyle W.; Coggins, Lew (October 2014). "Positive feedbacks between bottom-up and top-down controls promote the formation and toxicity of ecosystem disruptive algal blooms: A modeling study". Harmful Algae. 39: 342–356. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2014.09.005.
Samukawa, Mio; Shen, Chen; Hopkinson, Brian; Matsuda, Yusuke (2014). "Localization of putative carbonic anhydrases in the marine diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana". Photosynthesis Research. 121 (2–3): 235–249. doi:10.1007/s11120-014-9967-x. PMID 24414291.
Delalat, Bahman; Sheppard, Vonda C.; Ghaemi, Soraya Rasi; Rao, Shasha; Prestidge, Clive A.; McPhee, Gordon; Rogers, Mary-Louise; Donoghue, Jaqueline F.; Pillay, Vinochani; Johns, Terrance G.; Kroeger, Nils; Voelcker, Nicolas H. (2015). "Targeted drug delivery using genetically engineered diatom biosilica". Nature Communications. 6: 8791. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.8791D. doi:10.1038/ncomms9791. PMID 26556723.
