The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Texas

Due to increased persecution around Nauvoo, Joseph Smith realized that he would have to relocate the Church outside the borders of the United States. The Republic of Texas was considered by Smith as a place where the Church members would be able to peacefully practice their religion. The prophet began to negotiate with Sam Houston, president of the Texas Republic, for the southern and western portions of Texas to be the future home of the Latter-day Saints. Joseph Smith sent Lucien Woodworth to Austin to meet with Houston.

Woodworth returned to Nauvoo and reported the progress he had made in May. Reports indicated plans for purchasing large tracts of land. A commission composed of Woodworth, George Miller and Almon W. Babbitt was organized to lead the final negotiations. Joseph Smith asked that Lyman Wight and Miller prepare to lead a group of settlers to Texas with assumption that negotiations would be successful. Lyman Wight and a group of LDS members created the town of Zodiac outside Fredericksburg and created a mill outside of Marble Falls. Today the road this mill is along is Mormon Mill road. Lyman Wight was later excommunicated over being called back to Navuoo after Joseph Smith's death. Lyman Wight later rejoined the saints in Salt Lake City. These negotiations ended with the death of Joseph Smith in June 1844.

Even though Brigham Young relocated the Church in the Great Basin, he allowed Wight to take a group of 150 to Texas. On November 10, 1845, they arrived north of present-day Dallas. Eventually, Wight and the colonists settled near a German colony of Fredericksburg and founded a town named Zodiac.

In 1848, Preston Thomas and William Martindale were sent by Brigham Young to invite Wight and the colonists to join the Church in the Salt Lake Valley. Wight declined the offer and was consequently excommunicated from the Church. Although he was no longer a member of the Church, Wight and his followers pioneered settlements in five Texas counties and generally left a good reputation for Mormons in the area.

Brigham Young sent several missionaries to preach in Texas in the 1850s. Those who joined the Church were encouraged to gather with the Saints in the Utah Territory. On December 25, 1855, a conference was established in Texas. Nearly 1,000 converts from Texas immigrated to the Great Basin prior to the Civil War.

Missionary work in Texas essentially ceased during the Civil War. But in 1875, nearly 10 years after the Civil War, missionary work in Texas resumed. The Texas Conference was once again organized in 1893.

The population of Latter-day Saints in Texas increased dramatically when Church members began to gather in Mormon enclaves within the state. Converts living in the Southern U.S. endured ostracism and occasional physical violence because of their membership in the Church. In the early 1890s, President James G. Duffin of the Southwestern States Mission suggested to Church leaders that they establish a gathering place for Southern U.S. Church Members. His suggestion was accepted and branches were organized in Missouri, Kansas and Texas. Included in the Texas colonies were Odom Settlement (also known as Odomville) near Spurger, Williamson Settlement near Evadale, Jozye (also known as Little Utah), and Poynor.

One of the most successful and long-lived colonies was located at Kelsey. It was founded by brothers John and James Edgar in December 1898. Nine Latter-day Saint families settled in the area by the fall of 1901. Elder Abraham O. Woodruff of the Quorum of the Twelve visited the site and assisted in laying out the town. On August 4, 1901, a Sunday School was organized. By the end of the month, a meetinghouse was built, and by the end of the year, a branch had been organized.[2]

Missionaries in the southern states encouraged converts to gather in Kelsey. There were approximately 400 Latter-day Saints living in the township. A school began operating in 1901 and was staffed by missionaries. Kelsey became "one of the largest branches outside the stakes of Zion."[3] Later that year, the colony was divided and the settlement of Enoch was founded and a branch was organized there.[4]

Kelsey's population reached its peak in 1923 with 750 inhabitants. The rail line was closed the same year causing the population to slowly decline. The Church-sponsored school was closed in 1943, and in 1958, the congregations in Kelsey and Enoch were combined with the Gilmer Ward.[5]

Nearly all Church activity in Texas occurred in rural setting. In 1913, Harriett M Knight, a widow with five children moved from Kelsey to Dallas which had no organized branch. Eliza E. Davis was the only other Latter-day Saint living in Dallas, having moved there in 1908. Other Latter-day Saints moved to Dallas over time. Missionaries occasionally visited these urban Church members, but it wasn't until 1916 that a home Sunday School was organized in Dallas. The Dallas Branch was organized sometime between 1918 and 1921.

Other urban areas began to see Latter-day Saint presence. By 1918, Latter-day Saints were living in Fort Worth, Houston, and San Antonio. However, Dallas was the first urban branch in Texas to have a meetinghouse. In 1927, Dallas Latter-day Saints moved into a vacant building formerly used by another denomination. In 1943, the North Central Texas District was organized with 500 members, with Henry Knight as president. A new meetinghouse was built in Dallas on Turtle Creek Blvd. in the early 1950s and dedicated by President David O. McKay on April 26, 1953. On October 18, 1953, Mark E. Peterson of the Quorum of the Twelve organized the Dallas Texas Stake, with Ervin W. Atkerson as president.

In 1867, William Williamson started the settlement of Williamson north of current Vidor, Texas.[6] In 1900, Williamson met Mormon missionaries and he and his family were baptized members of the church. The Williamson settlement grew as an LDS community, and they built a log church house in 1901.

The first branch in Houston was organized on December 5, 1921. The first official Church-owned meetinghouse was a home willed to the Church by Mrs. Gussie Farmer. This house was quickly remodeled and dedicated on November 19, 1933. The Houston Stake was created on October 11, 1953.

In response to Hurricane Ike in 2008 members of the LDS church across Texas and other parts of the country volunteered relief and service.

Total Church response to Hurricane Ike included:

• 80,640 hygiene kits (six truckloads).
• 8.064 cleaning kits (four truckloads).
• 4 truckloads of water.
• 11,520 blankets (two truckloads).
• 4,800 food boxes (four truckloads) which included rice, vegetable oil, peanut butter, fruit drink mix, and assorted canned goods. Each food box could feed a family of four for a week to 10 days.
• Food, water, generators, sleeping bags, tools, chain saws, tarps and other items.[7]

In addition to this aid, thousands of LDS volunteers came into the area to assist in clean up efforts.

The city of El Paso played an important role in the establishment of the Church in Mexico and the American Southwest. In 1876, Daniel W. Jones led a company of missionaries there, where they prepared to begin missionary work in Mexico. These missionaries stayed in El Paso for several weeks, where they studied Spanish and conducted missionary work, though no conversations were recorded.

Towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, a few Latter-day Saint families from the Mormon colonies in Mexico relocated to El Paso and Ciudad Juárez. In July 1912 nearly 3,000 saints fled their homes in Mexico because of a revolution and made their way to El Paso, where assistance from local residents was received before leaving to settle elsewhere.

The first ward in Texas was organized in El Paso on October 11, 1918. It was originally part of the Juarez (Mexico) Stake, but was later transferred to the St. Joseph (Arizona) Stake. The Mexican Mission headquarters was located in El Paso from 1919 to 1929. The El Paso Texas Stake became the first stake in Texas on September 21, 1952, with Edward V. Turley Sr. as President.

• Dallas Texas Temple, October 19, 1984
• Houston Texas Temple, August 26, 2000
• Lubbock Texas Temple, April 21, 2002
• San Antonio Texas Temple, May 22, 2005

Note: While some temple districts contain stakes located outside Texas, only the stakes in Texas are listed. Furthermore, several congregations in Texas are contained in stakes headquartered outside of Texas; however, these are not listed.

• Dallas Texas Stake,[8] October 18, 1953
• Fort Worth Texas Stake,[9] September 24, 1967
• Longview Texas Stake,[10] November 9, 1969
• Plano Texas Stake,[11] May 27, 1973
• Hurst Texas Stake,[12] November 14, 1976
• Dallas Texas East Stake,[13] May 15, 1977
• Lewisville Texas Stake,[14] April 12, 1981
• Gilmer Texas Stake,[15] January 16, 1983
• Richardson Texas Stake,[16] January 30, 1983
• Arlington Texas Stake,[17] April 13, 1986
• Denton Texas Stake,[18] May 3, 1992
• McKinney Texas Stake,[19] September 11, 1994
• Colleyville Texas Stake,[20] April 13, 1997
• Carrollton Texas Stake,[21] December 9, 2001
• Tyler Texas Stake,[22] January 22, 2005
• Weatherford Texas Stake,[23] April 30, 2006
• Allen Texas Stake,[24] August 26, 2007
• Frisco Texas Stake,[25] May 4, 2008
• Waco Texas Stake,[26] October 17, 2010
• Heath Texas Stake,[27] May 20, 2012
• Alliance Texas Stake,[28] February 16, 2014
• Frisco Texas Shawnee Trail Stake,[29] May 4, 2014 (Renamed to Prosper Texas Stake, August 25, 2019)
• Irving Texas Stake,[30] February 7, 2016
• Sherman Texas Stake,[31] March 20, 2016
• Burleson Texas Stake,[32] September 11, 2016
• Fort Worth Texas North Stake,[33] November 6, 2016
• Little Elm Texas Stake, August 25, 2019

• El Paso Texas Stake,[34] September 21, 1952
• El Paso Texas Mount Franklin Stake,[35] August 29, 1982
• El Paso Texas Chamizal Stake,[36] January 17, 2016

• Houston Texas Stake,[37] October 11, 1953
• Beaumont Texas Stake,[38] September 3, 1961
• Houston Texas East Stake,[39] May 5, 1968
• Houston Texas North Stake,[40] November 16, 1975
• Friendswood Texas Stake,[41] May 29, 1977
• College Station Texas Stake,[42] October 28, 1979
• Houston Texas South Stake,[43] November 30, 1980
• Kingwood Texas Stake,[44] April 18, 1982
• Orange Texas Stake,[45] August 29, 1982
• Cypress Texas Stake,[46] November 6, 1983
• Bay City Texas Stake,[47] October 13, 1991
• Katy Texas Stake,[48] December 1, 1991
• Klein Texas Stake,[49] November 2, 2003
• Houston Texas West Stake (Spanish),[50] January 8, 2006
• Richmond Texas Stake,[51] May 7, 2006
• League City Texas Stake,[52] October 25, 2009
• Spring Texas Stake,[53] November 8, 2009
• Houston Texas Summerwood Stake,[54] June 3, 2012
• The Woodlands Texas Stake,[55] October 12, 2014
• Houston Texas Bear Creek Stake,[56] February 22, 2015
• Conroe Texas Stake,[57] April 30, 2017
• Tomball Texas Stake,[58] May 21, 2017

• Lubbock Texas Stake,[59] November 26, 1967
• Odessa Texas Stake,[60] December 15, 1968
• Abilene Texas Stake,[61] May 3, 1981
• Amarillo Texas Stake,[62] May 31, 1981
• Fort Stockton Texas District,[63] September 7, 2003
• Lubbock Texas North Stake,[64] September 14, 2014

• San Antonio Texas Stake,[65] January 19, 1958
• Corpus Christi Texas Stake,[66] May 31, 1964
• Austin Texas Stake,[67] October 14, 1973
• McAllen Texas Stake,[68] May 4, 1975
• San Antonio Texas East Stake,[69] May 30, 1976
• Killeen Texas Stake,[70] November 26, 1978
• Harlingen Texas Stake,[71] March 22, 1981
• San Antonio Texas West Stake,[72] June 5, 1983
• Austin Texas Oak Hills Stake,[73] December 1, 1991
• Laredo Texas District,[74] October 31, 1995 (Organized as Laredo Texas Stake, December 2, 2018)
• Eagle Pass Texas District,[75] October 19, 1997
• San Antonio Texas North Stake,[76] October 19, 1997
• Round Rock Texas Stake,[77] June 6, 1999
• San Antonio Texas Hill Country Stake,[78] January 27, 2008
• Kyle Texas Stake,[79] May 4, 2008
• McAllen Texas West Stake,[80] September 7, 2008
• Round Rock Texas East Stake,[81] November 24, 2013
• San Antonio Texas Cibolo Valley Stake,[82] January 10, 2016
• San Antonio Texas La Cantera Stake,[83] January 24, 2016
• Cedar Park Texas Stake,[84] June 5, 2016
• Austin Texas West Stake,[85] September 15, 2019

• Texas Dallas Mission, February 16, 1961
• Texas San Antonio Mission, December 10, 1967
• Texas Houston Mission, July 3, 1976
• Texas Fort Worth Mission, July 1, 1986
• Texas McAllen Mission, July 1, 1989
• Texas Houston East Mission, July 1, 1990
• Texas Houston South Mission, July 1, 1997
• Texas Lubbock Mission, July 1, 2002

Responsibility for Texas has been shared by several different missions. Originally in the Southern States Mission, it was transferred to the Indian Territory Mission, which later changed its name to the Southwestern States Mission and, in 1904, it became the Central States Mission. Texas remained in the Central States Mission until the Texas Mission was organized in 1931. Texas and Louisiana were combined to form the Texas-Louisiana Mission in 1945. Texas was part of the Gulf States Mission from 1955–1960.

In 1961, a new Texas Mission was organized. This became the Texas Dallas Mission in 1974. As the Church grew, other missions in Texas were organized.

• The Texas Dallas Mission was originally named Texas Mission in 1961. It was renamed the Texas North Mission on June 10, 1970, and ultimately the Texas Dallas Mission on June 20, 1974.
• The Texas San Antonio Mission was originally named Texas South Mission in 1967. It was renamed the Texas San Antonio Mission on June 20, 1974.
• The Texas Fort Worth Mission was originally named Texas Lubbock Mission in 1986. It was renamed the Texas Fort Worth Mission on January 20, 1988.
• The Texas McAllen Mission was originally named Texas Corpus Christi Mission in 1989. It was renamed the Texas McAllen Mission on February 24, 1994.