Timeline of Hangzhou
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
Prior to 10th century
- 328 CE - Lingyin monastery founded near Hangzhou.[1]
- 606 - City walls built.[2]
- 609 - Grand Canal built.
- 630 - Mosque built (approximate date).[2]
- 822 - Poet Bai Juyi becomes governor.[3]
10th century
- 904 - City becomes capital of the Wuyue Kingdom.
- 954 - Huiri Yongming Temple built at West Lake.
- 963 - Baochu Pagoda built at West Lake.
- 970 - Liuhe Pagoda built.
- 975 - Leifeng Pagoda built.
12th-17th centuries
- 1127 - Song Dynasty capital relocated to Hongzhou from Kaifeng after the Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars.[3]
- 1221 - Yue Fei Temple built!
- 1275 - Population: 1.75 million.[3]
- 1277 - Hangzhou Salt Distribution Commission established.[4]
- 1276 - Mongols in power.[4]
- 1621 - Huanduzhai publishing house in business.[5]
- 1661 - Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception built.
19th century
- 1861 - Taiping rebels take city.[3]
- 1863 - Imperial forces take city.[3]
- 1867 - Hangchow Presbyterian Boys' School in operation.
- 1870 - Hu Ch'ing Yu T'ang medicine shop in business (approximate date).[2]
- 1871 - Kwang-Chi Hospital established.[6]
- 1885 - Kwang Chi Medical School established.
- 1896 - City opens to foreign trade per Treaty of Shimonoseki.[7]
- 1897 - Qiushi Academy founded.
- 1899 - Hangzhou High School established.
20th century
- 1904 - Xiling Society of the Seal Art founded.
- 1907 - Qing Tai Men Station opens.
- 1908
- Zhejiang Official Secondary Normal School in operation.
- Presbyterian Mission Girls School opens.[8]
- 1911
- October 27: Uprising.[9]
- Zhejiang Medical School founded.
- Population: 141,859.[10]
- 1922 - Sisters of Charity Hospital founded.
- 1928
- Kuomintang in power.
- Population: 817,267.[10]
- 1929
- Zhejiang Provincial Museum established.
- 1929 Westlake exposition held.
- 1937 - Japanese occupation begins.
- 1949 - May: Communists take city.[10]
- 1955 - Hangzhou Ri Bao (Hangzhou Daily) newspaper begins publication.[11]
- 1956 - Hangzhou Xuejun High School and Hangzhou Botanical Garden[12] established.
- 1957
- Hangzhou Jianqiao Airport begins operating civilian flights.
- Population: 784,000.[13]
- 1958 - Hangzhou Zoo opens.
- 1962 - Wang Zida becomes mayor.[14]
- 1966 - Hangzhou Gymnasium (arena) opens.
- 1972 - February: Richard Nixon visits city.[15]
- 1977 - Zhang Zishi becomes mayor.[16]
- 1978 - Hangzhou Teachers College founded.
- 1979 - Chen Anyu becomes mayor.[16]
- 1981 - Zhou Feng becomes mayor.[16]
- 1984 - Zhong Boxi becomes mayor.[14]
- 1988 - Zhang Taiyan Museum opens.[15]
- 1989
- Protests.[17]
- Hangzhou Wahaha Nutritional Foods Factory in business.[18]
- Lu Wenge becomes mayor.[14]
- 1990 - Population: 2,589,504.[19]
- 1991 - Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone approved.
- 1992
- 1993 - Hangzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone approved.
- 1998
- Zhejiang University established.
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Sports Centre (stadium) built.
- Hangzhou Greentown Football Club formed.
- 1999 - Hangzhou railway station rebuilt.
- 2000
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Airport begins operating.
- Hangzhou Export Processing Zone approved.
- Dragon Well Manor in business.[20]
- Population: 3,240,947.[21]
21st century
 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANCIENT | ||||||||
| Neolithic c. 8500 – c. 2070 BC | ||||||||
| Xia c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC | ||||||||
| Shang c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC | ||||||||
| Zhou c. 1046 – 256 BC | ||||||||
| Western Zhou | ||||||||
| Eastern Zhou | ||||||||
| Spring and Autumn | ||||||||
| Warring States | ||||||||
| IMPERIAL | ||||||||
| Qin 221–207 BC | ||||||||
| Han 202 BC – 220 AD | ||||||||
| Western Han | ||||||||
| Xin | ||||||||
| Eastern Han | ||||||||
| Three Kingdoms 220–280 | ||||||||
| Wei, Shu and Wu | ||||||||
| Jin 266–420 | ||||||||
| Western Jin | ||||||||
| Eastern Jin | Sixteen Kingdoms | |||||||
| Northern and Southern dynasties 420–589 | ||||||||
| Sui 581–618 | ||||||||
| Tang 618–907 | ||||||||
| (Wu Zhou 690–705) | ||||||||
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907–979 |
Liao 916–1125 | |||||||
| Song 960–1279 | ||||||||
| Northern Song | Western Xia | |||||||
| Southern Song | Jin | Western Liao | ||||||
| Yuan 1271–1368 | ||||||||
| Ming 1368–1644 | ||||||||
| Qing 1636–1912 | ||||||||
| MODERN | ||||||||
| Republic of China on mainland 1912–1949 | ||||||||
| People's Republic of China 1949–present | ||||||||
| Republic of China on Taiwan 1949–present | ||||||||
- 2002
- Xihuwenhua Square built.
- Wang Guoping becomes CPC Party chief.
- Leifeng Pagoda reconstructed.
- 2003 - Yellow Dragon Sports Center and Hangzhou No.2 Telecom Hub constructed.
- 2005 - Sun Zhonghuan becomes mayor.
- 2007
- Hangzhou Sanchao Football Club formed.
- Cai Qi becomes mayor.
- 2008
- Hangzhou Public Bicycle program launched.
- City logo design adopted.[22]
- 2010
- Shanghai–Hangzhou Passenger Railway begins operating.
- Huang Kunming becomes CPC Party chief.[23]
- 2011 - Shao Zhanwei becomes mayor.[24]
- 2012 - November: Hangzhou Metro begins operating.
- 2013 - Air pollution in Hangzhou reaches annual mean of 61 PM2.5 and 106 PM10, much higher than recommended.[25]
See also
- Hangzhou history
- List of universities and colleges in Hangzhou
- Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Zhejiang)
- List of first batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of second batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of third batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of fourth batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of fifth batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- Urbanization in China
References
- Michael J. Walsh (2009), Sacred economies: Buddhist business and religiosity in Medieval China, New York: Columbia University Press
- Fitch 1922.
- Cable 1996.
- Weitz 1997.
- Widmer 1996.
- Cloud 1906.
- Britannica 1910.
- Mary S. Mathews (1913). "Union Girls School at Hangchow". Missionary Survey. Presbyterian Church in the United States.
- Wen-hsin Yeh 1994.
- Gao 2004.
- "Hangzhou (China) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
- "Garden Search: China". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
Hangchow
- Malcolm Lamb (2003). Directory of Officials and Organizations in China. New York: M. E. Sharpe.
- Barmé 2011.
- Forster 1999.
- Forster 1990.
- "From Popsicle Maker to Beverage Billionaire, China's Richest Man". New York Times. October 1, 2012.
- United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division (1997). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 262–321.
- Fuchsia Dunlop (24 November 2008). "China Journal: Garden of Contentment". The New Yorker.
- "China". www.citypopulation.de. Oldenburg, Germany: Thomas Brinkhoff. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
- "Hangzhou Unveils Municipal Logo". China Radio International. People's Republic of China. March 29, 2008.
- "Party Leaders". CPC Hangzhou Committee and Hangzhou Municipal Government. Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
- "Hangzhou mayor Shao Zhanwei dies during NPC session". South China Morning Post. SCMP Group. March 6, 2013.
- World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva
This article incorporates information from the Ukrainian Wikipedia.
Bibliography
- Published in the 19th century
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Hangtcheofou", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- Published in the 20th century
- "Hang-Chow-Foo", Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1902
- Marco Polo; Henry Yule (1903), "Description of the Great City of Kinsay", The Book of Ser Marco Polo (3rd ed.), London: John Murray
- Frederick D. Cloud (1906), Hangchow: the 'City of Heaven', Shanghai: Presbyterian Mission Press, OL 7189168M
- T. Hodgson Liddell (1909), "Hangchow", China, London: G. Allen
- "Hang-Chow-Fu", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
- Robert Ferris Fitch (1922), Hangchow Itineraries, Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, OCLC 899305, OL 17986115M
- Keith Forster (1990). "1989 Democracy Movement in the Provinces: Impressions of the Popular Protest in Hangzhou, April/June 1989". Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs.
The student-worker protests that culminated in the Beijing massacre were not confined to the capital city. Protests had erupted, in ways that varied noticeably, across the breadth of China.
- Wen-hsin Yeh (1994). "Middle County Radicalism: The May Fourth Movement in Hangzhou". The China Quarterly.
- Monica Cable (1996), "Hangzhou", in Schellinger and Salkin (ed.), International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964046
- Ellen Widmer (1996). "The Huanduzhai of Hangzhou and Suzhou: A Study in Seventeenth-Century Publishing". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 56.
- Ankeney Weitz (1997). "Notes on the Early Yuan Antique Art Market in Hangzhou". Ars Orientalis. 27.
- Keith Forster; Yao Xianguo (1999). "A comparative analysis of economic reform and development in Hangzhou and Wenzhou cities". In Jae Ho Chung (ed.). Cities in Post-Mao China: Recipes for Economic Development in the Reform Era. Routledge.
- Published in the 21st century
- James Zheng Gao (2004), The Communist Takeover of Hangzhou: the Transformation of City and Cadre, 1949-1954, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 9780824827014
- Geremie R. Barmé (2011). "A Chronology of West Lake and Hangzhou". China Heritage Quarterly. Australian National University.
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