Timeline of Macintosh models
This timeline of Macintosh models lists all major types of Macintosh computers produced by Apple Inc. in order of introduction date. Macintosh Performa models were often physically identical to other models, in which case they are omitted in favor of the identical twin. Also not listed are model numbers that identify software bundles. For example, the Performa 6115CD and 6116CD differed only in software and were identical to the Power Macintosh 6100, so only the 6100 is listed below. The Apple Network Server and Apple Lisa are included, as they filled high-end niches of the Macintosh line despite not directly running Mac OS.
Timeline
1980s
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1983 | January 19 | Lisa* | Compact | August 1, 1986 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1984 | January 1 | Lisa 2* | Compact | January 1, 1985 |
January 24 | Macintosh 128K | Compact | September 10, 1984 | |
September 10 | Macintosh 512K | Compact | April 14, 1986 | |
Macintosh 128K (revised) | Compact | October 1, 1985 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1985 | January 1 | Macintosh XL | Compact | April 29, 1985 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1986 | January 16 | Macintosh Plus | Compact | January 1, 1987 |
April 14 | Macintosh 512Ke | Compact | October 1, 1987 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1987 | January 1 | Macintosh Plus (Platinum) | Compact | October 15, 1990 |
February 3 | Macintosh SE | Compact | August 1, 1989 | |
March 2 | Macintosh II | Mac II | January 15, 1990 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1988 | September 19 | Macintosh IIx | Mac II | October 15, 1990 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1989 | January 19 | Macintosh SE/30 | Compact | October 21, 1991 |
March 7 | Macintosh IIcx | Mac II | March 11, 1991 | |
August 1 | Macintosh SE FDHD | Compact | October 15, 1990 | |
September 20 | Macintosh IIci | Mac II | February 20, 1993 | |
Macintosh Portable | Portable | February 11, 1991 |
*The Lisa is included, although it is not a Macintosh, due to its compatibility with Macintosh software and common use as an early Macintosh development platform.
1990s
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | March 19 | Macintosh IIfx | Mac II | April 15, 1992 |
October 15 | Macintosh LC | LC | March 23, 1992 | |
Macintosh Classic | Compact | September 14, 1992 | ||
Macintosh IIsi | Mac II | March 15, 1993 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1991 | February 11 | Macintosh Portable (backlit screen) | Portable | October 21, 1991 |
October 21 | Macintosh Classic II | Compact | September 13, 1993 | |
Quadra 700 | Quadra | March 15, 1993 | ||
Quadra 900 | Quadra | May 18, 1992 | ||
PowerBook 100 | PowerBook | August 3, 1992 | ||
PowerBook 140 | PowerBook | August 3, 1992 | ||
PowerBook 170 | PowerBook | October 19, 1992 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1992 | March 23 | Macintosh LC II | LC | March 15, 1993 |
May 18 | Quadra 950 | Quadra | October 14, 1995 | |
August 3 | PowerBook 145 | PowerBook | July 7, 1993 | |
October 19 | Macintosh IIvi | Mac II | February 10, 1993 | |
Macintosh IIvx | Mac II | October 19, 1993 | ||
PowerBook 160 | PowerBook | August 16, 1993 | ||
PowerBook 180 | PowerBook | May 16, 1994 | ||
PowerBook Duo 210 | PowerBook Duo | October 21, 1993 | ||
PowerBook Duo 230 | PowerBook Duo | July 27, 1994 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1993 | February 10 | Macintosh LC III / III+ | LC | February 14, 1994 |
Macintosh Color Classic | Compact | May 16, 1994 | ||
Centris 610 | Centris | October 21, 1993 | ||
Centris 650 | Centris | October 21, 1993 | ||
Quadra 800 | Quadra | March 14, 1994 | ||
PowerBook 165c | PowerBook | December 13, 1993 | ||
March 22 | Workgroup Server 80 | Workgroup Server | October 17, 1994 | |
Workgroup Server 95 | Workgroup Server | April 3, 1995 | ||
June 7 | PowerBook 145b | PowerBook | July 18, 1994 | |
PowerBook 180c | PowerBook | March 14, 1994 | ||
June 28 | Macintosh LC 520 | LC | February 2, 1994 | |
July 26 | Workgroup Server 60 | Workgroup Server | October 17, 1994 | |
July 29 | Centris / Quadra 660AV | Centris / Quadra | September 12, 1994 | |
Quadra 840AV | Quadra | July 18, 1994 | ||
August 16 | PowerBook 165 | PowerBook | July 18, 1994 | |
October 10 | Macintosh Color Classic II | Compact | November 1, 1995 | |
October 21 | Macintosh TV | LC | February 1, 1995 | |
Quadra 605 | Quadra | October 17, 1994 | ||
Quadra 610 | Quadra | July 18, 1994 | ||
Quadra 650 | Quadra | September 12, 1994 | ||
PowerBook Duo 250 | PowerBook Duo | May 16, 1994 | ||
PowerBook Duo 270c | PowerBook Duo | May 16, 1994 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1994 | February 2 | Macintosh LC 550 | LC | March 23, 1995 |
Macintosh LC 575 | LC | April 3, 1995 | ||
March 14 | Power Macintosh 6100 | Power Macintosh | May 18, 1996 | |
Power Macintosh 7100 | Power Macintosh | January 6, 1996 | ||
Power Macintosh 8100 | Power Macintosh | August 14, 1996 | ||
April 26 | Workgroup Server 6150 | Workgroup Server | October 1, 1995 | |
Workgroup Server 8150 | Workgroup Server | February 26, 1996 | ||
Workgroup Server 9150 | Workgroup Server | February 26, 1996 | ||
May 16 | PowerBook 520/c | PowerBook 500 | September 16, 1995 | |
PowerBook 540/c | PowerBook 500 | August 16, 1995 | ||
PowerBook 550 | PowerBook 500 | April 1, 1996 | ||
PowerBook Duo 280 | PowerBook Duo | November 14, 1994 | ||
PowerBook Duo 280c | PowerBook Duo | January 1, 1996 | ||
July 18 | Quadra 630 | Quadra | April 17, 1995 | |
PowerBook 150 | PowerBook | October 14, 1995 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | January 28 | Power Macintosh 6200 / 6300 | Power Macintosh | October 17, 1996 |
April 3 | Macintosh LC 580 | LC | October 1, 1995 | |
Performa 5200 | Performa | October 1, 1996 | ||
June 19 | Power Macintosh 9500 | Power Macintosh | February 17, 1997 | |
August 7 | Power Macintosh 7200 | Power Macintosh | April 1, 1996 | |
Power Macintosh 7500 | Power Macintosh | February 17, 1997 | ||
Power Macintosh 8500 | Power Macintosh | February 17, 1997 | ||
August 28 | PowerBook 190 | PowerBook | September 1, 1996 | |
PowerBook 5300 | PowerBook | August 3, 1996 | ||
PowerBook Duo 2300c | PowerBook Duo | February 1, 1997 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | February 15 | Apple Network Server 500* | Network Server | April 1, 1997 |
Apple Network Server 700/150* | Network Server | April 1, 1997 | ||
February 26 | Workgroup Server 7250 | Workgroup Server | April 21, 1997 | |
Workgroup Server 8550 | Workgroup Server | April 21, 1997 | ||
March 10 | Performa 5260 / 5300 | Performa | April 1, 1997 | |
April 1 | Performa 5400 | Performa | February 17, 1997 | |
Power Macintosh 7600 | Power Macintosh | October 1, 1997 | ||
October 16 | Apple Network Server 700/200* | Network Server | April 1, 1997 | |
October 17 | Performa 6360 | Performa | October 1, 1997 | |
October 23 | Performa 6400 | Performa | May 1, 1997 | |
November 15 | Power Macintosh 4400 | Power Macintosh | October 11, 1997 | |
November 20 | PowerBook 1400 | PowerBook | May 6, 1998 |
*The Apple Network Server is technically not a Macintosh, but is included here for completeness.
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1997 | February 17 | Power Macintosh 5500 | Power Macintosh | March 31, 1998 |
Power Macintosh 6500 | Power Macintosh | March 14, 1998 | ||
Power Macintosh 7300 | Power Macintosh | November 10, 1997 | ||
Power Macintosh 8600 | Power Macintosh | February 17, 1998 | ||
Power Macintosh 9600 | Power Macintosh | March 17, 1998 | ||
PowerBook 3400 | PowerBook | March 14, 1998 | ||
March 20 | Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh | Power Macintosh | March 14, 1998 | |
April 21 | Workgroup Server 7350 | Workgroup Server | March 2, 1998 | |
Workgroup Server 9650 | Workgroup Server | March 2, 1998 | ||
May 8 | PowerBook 2400c | PowerBook | March 14, 1998 | |
November 10 | Power Macintosh G3 desktop | Power Macintosh | January 5, 1999 | |
Power Macintosh G3 minitower | Power Macintosh | January 5, 1999 | ||
PowerBook G3 | PowerBook G3 | March 14, 1998 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1998 | January 31 | Power Macintosh G3 AIO | Power Macintosh | October 17, 1998 |
March 2 | Macintosh Server G3 | Macintosh Server | January 1, 1999 | |
August 15 | iMac G3 | iMac | May 10, 1999 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | January 5 | Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and White) | Power Macintosh | October 13, 1999 |
Macintosh Server G3 (Blue and White) | Macintosh Server | August 31, 1999 | ||
May 10 | PowerBook G3 ("Lombard") | PowerBook G3 | February 16, 2000 | |
June 21 | iBook | iBook | September 13, 2000 | |
August 31 | Macintosh Server G4 | Macintosh Server | July 19, 2000 | |
October 5 | iMac (slot loading) | iMac | March 18, 2003 | |
October 13 | Power Mac G4 Graphite | Power Macintosh | July 18, 2001 |
2000s
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | February 16 | PowerBook ("Pismo") | PowerBook G3 | January 9, 2001 |
July 19 | Power Mac G4 Cube | Power Macintosh | July 3, 2001 | |
September 13 | iBook (FireWire) | iBook | May 1, 2001 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | January 7 | PowerBook G4 Titanium | PowerBook G4 | September 16, 2003 |
May 1 | iBook (white) | iBook | October 22, 2003 | |
July 18 | Power Mac G4 Quicksilver | Power Macintosh | August 13, 2002 | |
September 8 | Server G4 Quicksilver | Macintosh Server | May 14, 2002 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | January 7 | iMac G4 15" | iMac | August 31, 2004 |
iBook (14") | iBook | October 22, 2003 | ||
April 29 | eMac | eMac | July 5, 2006 | |
May 14 | Xserve | Xserve | February 10, 2003 | |
July 17 | iMac G4 17" | iMac | August 31, 2004 | |
August 13 | Power Mac G4 MDD | Power Macintosh | June 9, 2004 | |
August 27 | Macintosh Server G4 MDD | Macintosh Server | January 28, 2003 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | January 7 | PowerBook G4 Aluminum (12") | PowerBook G4 | May 16, 2006 |
PowerBook G4 Aluminum (17") | PowerBook G4 | April 24, 2006 | ||
February 10 | Xserve slot loading | Xserve | January 6, 2004 | |
Xserve Cluster Node | Xserve | January 6, 2004 | ||
June 23 | Power Mac G5 | Power Macintosh | June 9, 2004 | |
September 16 | PowerBook G4 Aluminum (15") | PowerBook G4 | February 14, 2006 | |
October 22 | iBook G4 (12" / 14") | iBook | May 16, 2006 | |
November 18 | iMac G4 20" | iMac | August 31, 2004 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | January 6 | Xserve G5 | Xserve | August 7, 2006 |
Xserve Cluster Node G5 | Xserve | August 7, 2006 | ||
June 9 | Power Mac G5 FX | Power Macintosh | October 19, 2005 | |
August 31 | iMac G5 17" | iMac | January 10, 2006 | |
iMac G5 20" | iMac | March 20, 2006 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | January 11 | Mac Mini | Mac Mini | February 28, 2006 |
October 19 | Power Mac G5 dual core | Power Macintosh | August 7, 2006 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2006 | January 10 | iMac Core Duo | iMac | September 6, 2006 |
February 14 | MacBook Pro (15") | MacBook Pro | February 26, 2008 | |
February 28 | Mac mini Core Solo | Mac Mini | September 6, 2006 | |
Mac mini Core Duo | Mac Mini | August 7, 2007 | ||
April 24 | MacBook Pro (17") | MacBook Pro | February 26, 2008 | |
May 16 | MacBook | MacBook | November 8, 2008 | |
August 7 | Mac Pro | Mac Pro | January 8, 2008 | |
Xserve (Intel) | Xserve | January 8, 2008 | ||
September 6 | iMac 17" Core 2 Duo | iMac | August 7, 2007 | |
iMac 20" Core 2 Duo | iMac | August 7, 2007 | ||
iMac 24" Core 2 Duo | iMac | August 7, 2007 | ||
October 24 | MacBook Pro (Late 2006) | MacBook Pro | June 5, 2007 | |
November 8 | MacBook (Late 2006) | MacBook | May 15, 2007 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | May 15 | MacBook (Mid 2007) | MacBook | November 1, 2007 |
June 5 | MacBook Pro (Mid 2007) | MacBook Pro | November 1, 2007 | |
August 7 | iMac 20" Aluminum | iMac | April 28, 2008 | |
iMac 24" Aluminum | iMac | April 28, 2008 | ||
Mac mini Core 2 Duo | Mac Mini | March 3, 2009 | ||
November 1 | MacBook Pro (Late 2007) | MacBook Pro | February 26, 2008 | |
MacBook (Late 2007) | MacBook | February 26, 2008 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | January 8 | Xserve Harpertown | Xserve | April 7, 2009 |
Mac Pro Harpertown | Mac Pro | March 3, 2009 | ||
January 15 | MacBook Air | MacBook Air | October 14, 2008 | |
February 26 | MacBook Penryn | MacBook | October 14, 2008 | |
MacBook Pro Penryn 15" | MacBook Pro | October 14, 2008 | ||
MacBook Pro Penryn 17" | MacBook Pro | January 6, 2009 | ||
April 28 | iMac (early 2008) | iMac | March 3, 2009 | |
October 14 | MacBook Air Penryn | MacBook Air | June 8, 2009 | |
MacBook White | MacBook | January 29, 2009 | ||
MacBook Aluminum | MacBook | June 8, 2009 | ||
MacBook Pro (Unibody) 15" | MacBook Pro | June 8, 2009 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | January 6 | MacBook Pro (Unibody) 17" | MacBook Pro | June 8, 2009 |
January 29 | MacBook White (early 2009) | MacBook | May 27, 2009 | |
March 3 | Mac mini (early 2009) | Mac Mini | October 20, 2009 | |
iMac (early 2009) | iMac | October 20, 2009 | ||
Mac Pro (early 2009) | Mac Pro | August 9, 2010 | ||
April 7 | Xserve Nehalem | Xserve | January 31, 2011 | |
May 27 | MacBook (mid-2009) | MacBook | October 20, 2009 | |
June 8 | MacBook Pro 13" (Mid 2009) | MacBook Pro | April 13, 2010 | |
MacBook Pro 15" (Mid 2009) | MacBook Pro | April 13, 2010 | ||
MacBook Pro 17" (Mid 2009) | MacBook Pro | April 13, 2010 | ||
MacBook Air (Mid 2009) | MacBook Air | September 1, 2010 | ||
October 20 | Mac mini (Late 2009) | Mac Mini | June 15, 2010 | |
iMac (Late 2009) | iMac | July 27, 2010 | ||
MacBook (Late 2009) | MacBook | May 18, 2010 |
2010s
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | April 13 | MacBook Pro (Mid 2010) | MacBook Pro | February 24, 2011 |
May 18 | MacBook (Mid 2010) | MacBook | July 20, 2011 | |
June 15 | Mac mini (Mid 2010) | Mac Mini | July 20, 2011 | |
July 27 | iMac (Mid 2010) | iMac | May 3, 2011 | |
August 9 | Mac Pro (Mid 2010) | Mac Pro | June 11, 2012 | |
October 20 | MacBook Air (Late 2010) | MacBook Air | July 20, 2011 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2011 | February 24 | MacBook Pro (Early 2011) | MacBook Pro | October 24, 2011 |
May 3 | iMac (Mid 2011) | iMac | October 23, 2012 | |
July 20 | MacBook Air (Mid 2011) | MacBook Air | June 11, 2012 | |
Mac mini (Mid 2011) | Mac Mini | October 23, 2012 | ||
October 24 | MacBook Pro (Late 2011) | MacBook Pro | June 11, 2012 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2012 | June 11 | MacBook Air (Mid 2012) | MacBook Air | June 10, 2013 |
MacBook Pro (Mid 2012) | MacBook Pro | October 27, 2016 | ||
MacBook Pro with Retina display (Mid 2012) | MacBook Pro | February 13, 2013 | ||
Mac Pro (Mid 2012) | Mac Pro | December 19, 2013 | ||
October 23 | iMac (Late 2012) | iMac | September 24, 2013 | |
MacBook Pro with Retina display (Late 2012) | MacBook Pro | February 13, 2013 | ||
Mac mini (Late 2012) | Mac Mini | October 16, 2014 | ||
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | February 13 | MacBook Pro with Retina display (Early 2013) | MacBook Pro | October 22, 2013 |
March 5 | iMac (Early 2013, education only) | iMac | September 24, 2013 | |
June 10 | MacBook Air (Mid 2013) | MacBook Air | April 29, 2014 | |
September 24 | iMac (Late 2013) | iMac | June 18, 2014 | |
October 22 | MacBook Pro with Retina display (Late 2013) | MacBook Pro | July 29, 2014 | |
December 19 | Mac Pro (Late 2013) | Mac Pro | June 3, 2019 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | April 29 | MacBook Air (Early 2014) | MacBook Air | March 9, 2015 |
June 18 | iMac (21.5-inch, Mid 2014) | iMac | October 13, 2015 | |
July 29 | MacBook Pro with Retina display (Mid 2014) | MacBook Pro | March 9, 2015 | |
October 16 | iMac (27-inch, Retina, Late 2014) | iMac | May 19, 2015 | |
Mac mini (Late 2014) | Mac Mini | October 30, 2018 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | March 9 | MacBook Pro with Retina display (Early 2015) | MacBook Pro | May 19, 2015 |
MacBook Air (Early 2015) | MacBook Air | October 27, 2016 (11")[1] June 5, 2017 (13") | ||
April 10 | MacBook (Retina, Early 2015) | MacBook | April 19, 2016 | |
May 19 | iMac (27-inch, Retina, Mid 2015) | iMac | October 13, 2015 | |
MacBook Pro with Retina display (Mid 2015) | MacBook Pro | July 12, 2018 | ||
October 13 | iMac (Late 2015) | iMac | June 5, 2017 | |
iMac (Retina, Late 2015) | iMac | June 5, 2017 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | April 20 | MacBook (Retina, Early 2016) | MacBook | June 5, 2017 |
October 27 | MacBook Pro (Late 2016) | MacBook Pro | June 5, 2017 | |
November 12 | MacBook Pro with Touch Bar (Late 2016) | MacBook Pro | June 5, 2017 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | June 5 | MacBook Pro with Touch Bar (Mid 2017)[2] | MacBook Pro | July 12, 2018 |
MacBook Pro (Mid 2017)[2] | MacBook Pro | July 9, 2019[3] | ||
MacBook Air (Mid 2017)[2] | MacBook Air | July 9, 2019 | ||
MacBook (Retina, Mid 2017)[2] | MacBook | July 9, 2019[4] | ||
iMac (21.5-inch, 2017)[5] | iMac | |||
iMac (Retina, 27-inch, Mid 2017) | iMac | March 19, 2019 | ||
December 14 | iMac Pro[2] | iMac Pro |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | July 12 | MacBook Pro with Touch Bar (Mid 2018) | MacBook Pro | May 21, 2019 |
October 30 | Mac Mini (Late 2018) | Mac Mini | ||
MacBook Air (Late 2018) | MacBook Air | July 9, 2019 |
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | March 19 | iMac (Early 2019) | iMac | |
May 21 | MacBook Pro with Four Thunderbolt 3 Ports (Mid 2019) | MacBook Pro | November 13, 2019 (15-inch) | |
May 4, 2020 (13-inch) | ||||
July 9 | MacBook Pro with Two Thunderbolt 3 Ports (Mid 2019) | MacBook Pro | May 4, 2020 | |
MacBook Air (Mid 2019) | MacBook Air | March 18, 2020 | ||
November 13 | 16-inch MacBook Pro (Late 2019) | MacBook Pro | ||
December | Mac Pro (Late 2019) | Mac Pro |
2020s
Year | Launched | Model | Family | Discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | March 18 | MacBook Air (Early 2020) | MacBook Air | November 10, 2020 |
May 4 | 13-inch MacBook Pro with Two Thunderbolt 3 ports (Mid 2020) | MacBook Pro | November 10, 2020 | |
13-inch MacBook Pro with Four Thunderbolt 3 ports (Mid 2020) | MacBook Pro | |||
August 4 | 27-inch iMac (Mid 2020) | iMac | ||
November 10 | MacBook Air (M1, Late 2020) | MacBook Air | ||
Mac Mini (M1, Late 2020) | Mac Mini | |||
13-inch MacBook Pro with Two Thunderbolt/USB 4 ports (M1, Late 2020) | MacBook Pro | |||
See also
References
Citations
- "The 11-inch MacBook Air is officially dead". 2016-10-27. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
- "WWDC 2017: iOS 11, New Macs, HomePod and More". Retrieved 2017-07-02.
- "Apple No Longer Sells a MacBook Pro Without a Touch Bar". Retrieved 2019-07-24.
- "Apple Discontinues 12-Inch MacBook". Retrieved 2019-07-15.
- "Mac Release Dates 2017 - Macs By Year Introduced: EveryMac.com". everymac.com. Retrieved 2021-01-05.
Sources
- Specifications, Apple Computer, Inc.
- Mac Systems: Apple, EveryMac.com
- Glen Sanford, Apple History, apple-history.com
- Dan Knight, Computer Profiles, LowEndMac, Cobweb Publishing, Inc.