Apple Watch

Apple Watch is a line of smartwatches produced by Apple Inc. It incorporates fitness tracking, health-oriented capabilities, and wireless telecommunication, and integrates with iOS and other Apple products and services.

Apple Watch
Fourth generation Apple Watch in 40mm size
DeveloperApple Inc.
Manufacturer
TypeSmartwatch
Release date1st Gen: April 24, 2015 (2015-04-24)
Series 1 and Series 2: September 16, 2016 (2016-09-16)
Series 3: September 22, 2017 (2017-09-22)
Series 4: September 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
Series 5: September 20, 2019 (2019-09-20)
Series 6 and SE: September 18, 2020 (2020-09-18)
Discontinued1st Gen: September 7, 2016 (2016-09-07)
Series 1: September 21, 2018 (2018-09-21)
Series 2: September 12, 2017 (2017-09-12)
Series 4: September 10, 2019 (2019-09-10)
Series 5: September 15, 2020 (2020-09-15)
Units sold33 million (2017)[3]
Operating systemwatchOS
System on a chip1st Gen: Apple S1
Series 1: Apple S1P
Series 2: Apple S2
Series 3: Apple S3
Series 4: Apple S4
Series 5, SE: Apple S5
Series 6: Apple S6
Memory1st Gen, Series 1, Series 2: 512 MB DRAM[4]
Series 3: 768 MB DRAM[5][4]
Series 4, Series 5: 1 GB DRAM[6]
Storage1st Gen, Series 1, Series 2: 8 GB[7][5][8][9]
Series 3: 8 GB (GPS) or 16 GB (Cellular)[10]
Series 4: 16 GB[11]
Series 5, SE, Series 6: 32 GB[12][13][14]
DisplayOLED[15] with strengthened Ion-X glass or Sapphire glass

1st Gen, Series 1, Series 2, Series 3:
38mm
33.96 mm (1.337 in) diagonal, 272×340 pixels, 326 dpi
42mm
38.96 mm (1.534 in) diagonal, 312×390 pixels, 326 dpi
Series 4, Series 5, SE, Series 6:
40mm
38.94 mm (1.533 in) diagonal, 324×394 pixels, 326 dpi
44mm
45.20 mm (1.780 in) diagonal, 368×448 pixels, 326 dpi

1st Gen, Series 1, Series 2, Series 3, Series 4, Series 5: Force Touch
ConnectivityNFC, Diagnostics port
1st Gen, Series 1, Series 2: Bluetooth 4.0[16][17]
Series 3: LTE cellular data (optional), Bluetooth 4.2[10]
Series 4, Series 5, SE, Series 6: LTE cellular data (optional), Bluetooth 5[11][12][13][14]
1st Gen, Series 1, Series 2, Series 3, Series 4, Series 5, SE: Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n 2.4GHz only)
Series 6: Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n 2.4GHz & 5GHz)
PowerBuilt-in rechargeable Li-Po battery

1st Gen, Series 1:
38mm
3.8 V 0.78 W·h (205 mA·h)[18][19]
42mm
3.78 V 0.93 W·h (246 mA·h)[19]
Series 2:
38mm
3.77 V 1.03 W·h (273 mA·h)[20]
42mm
3.8 V 1.27 W·h (334 mA·h)[21]
Series 3:
Non-LTE:
38mm
3.81 V 1.00 W·h (262 mA·h)[22]
42mm
3.82 V 1.31 W·h (342 mA·h)[23]
LTE:
38mm
3.82 V 1.07 W·h (279 mA·h)[24]
42mm
3.82 V 1.34 W·h (352 mA·h)[25]
Series 4:
40mm
3.81 V 0.858 W·h (224.9 mA·h)[26]
44mm
3.81 V 1.113 W·h (291.8 mA·h)[27]
Series 5:
40mm
3.85 V 0.944 W·h (245 mA·h)[26]
44mm
3.814 V 1.129 W·h (296 mA·h)[28]
Series 6:
40mm
3.85 V 1.024 W·h (265.9 mA·h)[29]

44mm
3.85 V 1.17 W·h (303.8 mA·h)[29]
Dimensions1st Gen, Series 1:

38 mm
38.6 mm × 33.3 mm × 10.5 mm
(1.52 in × 1.31 in × 0.41 in)
42 mm
42 mm × 35.9 mm × 10.5 mm
(1.65 in × 1.41 in × 0.41 in)

Series 2, Series 3:
38 mm
38.6 mm × 33.3 mm × 11.4 mm
(1.52 in × 1.31 in × 0.45 in)
42 mm
42.5 mm × 36.4 mm × 11.4 mm
(1.67 in × 1.43 in × 0.45 in)
Series 4, Series 5, Series SE, Series 6:
40 mm
40 mm × 34 mm × 10.7 mm
(1.57 in × 1.34 in × 0.42 in)

44 mm
44 mm × 38 mm × 10.7 mm
(1.73 in × 1.50 in × 0.42 in)
Backward
compatibility		watchOS 1 - 3: iPhone 5 or later
watchOS 4 - 5: iPhone 5S or later (Non-LTE Watch), iPhone 6 or later (LTE Watch)
watchOS 6 - 7: iPhone 6S or later
Websitewww.apple.com/watch

The Apple Watch was released in April 2015[30][31] and quickly became the best-selling wearable device: 4.2 million were sold in the second quarter of fiscal 2015.[32][33] In subsequent years, a new generation of Apple Watch with an improved set of internal components[34][35][36] — labeled by Apple a 'Series', with certain exceptions[lower-alpha 1] — has been introduced each September.[40]

Each Series has been initially sold in multiple variants defined by the watch casing's material, color, and size (except for the budget watches Series 1 and SE, available only in aluminum[37][41][39]), and beginning with Series 3, by the option in the aluminum variants for LTE cellular connectivity, which comes standard with the other materials.[42] The band included with the watch can be selected from multiple options from Apple, and watch variants in aluminum co-branded with Nike and in stainless steel co-branded with Hermès are also offered, which include exclusive bands and digital watch faces carrying those companies' brandings.[42]

Apple Watch operates primarily in conjunction with the user's iPhone for functions such as configuring the watch and syncing data with iPhone apps, but can separately connect to a Wi-Fi network for some data-reliant purposes, including basic communications and audio streaming.[43][44] LTE-equipped models can independently connect to a mobile network, including for calling, texting, and installed mobile app data use, substantially reducing the need for an iPhone after initial setup.[45] The oldest model of iPhone that is compatible with any given Apple Watch depends on the version of system software installed on each device.[46] As of September 2020, new Apple Watches come with watchOS 7 preinstalled and require an iPhone running iOS 14, which is available for the iPhone 6S and later.[47]

Development

The goal of the Apple Watch was to complement an iPhone and add new functions, and to free people from their phones.[48] Kevin Lynch was hired by Apple to make wearable technology for the wrist. He said: "People are carrying their phones with them and looking at the screen so much. People want that level of engagement. But how do we provide it in a way that's a little more human, a little more in the moment when you're with somebody?"[48] Apple's development process was held under wraps until a Wired article revealed how some internal design decisions were made.[48]

Rumors as far back as 2011 speculated that Apple was developing a wearable variation of the iPod that would curve around the user's wrist, and feature Siri integration.[49] In February 2013, The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal reported that Apple was beginning to develop an iOS-based smartwatch with a curved display.[50] That same month, Bloomberg reported that Apple's smartwatch project was "beyond the experimentation phase" with a team of about 100 designers.[51] In July 2013, Financial Times reported that Apple had begun hiring more employees to work on the smartwatch, and that it was targeting a retail release in late 2014.[52]

Unveiling and release

In April 2014, Apple CEO Tim Cook told The Wall Street Journal that the company was planning to launch new products that year, but revealed no specifics.[53] In June 2014, Reuters reported that production was expected to begin in July for an October release.[54]

During a September 2014 press event where the iPhone 6 was also presented, the new watch product was introduced by Tim Cook. After a video focusing on the design process, Cook reappeared on stage wearing an Apple watch.[55][56]

In comparison to other Apple products and competing smartwatches, marketing of the Apple Watch promoted the device as a fashion accessory.[57][58] Apple later focused on its health and fitness-oriented features, in an effort to compete with dedicated activity trackers. The watchOS 3 added fitness tracking for wheelchair users, social sharing in the Activity app, and a Breathe app to facilitate mindfulness.[59]

The device was not branded as "iWatch" (which would put it in line with its pre-existing product lines such as iPod, iPhone, and iPad) because the inventor decided "Apple Watch" made more visionary sense than "iWatch," which would have followed previously-existing strategems; in the United States, the "iWatch" trademark is owned by OMG Electronics – who was crowdfunding a device under the same name, and is owned in the European Union by Irish firm Probendi.[60][61] In July 2015, Probendi sued Apple Inc. for trademark infringement, arguing that through keyword advertising on the Google search engine, it caused advertising for the Apple Watch to appear on search results pages when users searched for the trademarked term "iWatch".[62]

Release

Pre-orders for the Apple Watch began on April 10, 2015, with the official release on April 24.[63] Initially, it was not available at the Apple Store; customers could make appointments for demonstrations and fitting, but the device was not in-stock for walk-in purchases and had to be reserved and ordered online. CNET felt that this distribution model was designed to prevent Apple Store locations from having long line-ups due to the high demand.[64][65] Selected models were available in limited quantities at luxury boutiques and authorized resellers.[66] On June 4, 2015, Apple announced that it planned to stock Apple Watch models at its retail locations.[65] On August 24, 2015, Best Buy announced that it would begin stocking Apple Watch at its retail stores by the end of September.[67] Both T-Mobile US and Sprint also announced plans to offer Apple Watch through their retail stores.[68]

In September 2015, Apple launched a new subset of Apple Watch, with a stainless steel body and leather band, in collaboration with Hermès.[69] The following year, Apple launched another subset of Apple Watches in collaboration with Nike dubbed "Apple Watch Nike+". Both subsets featured cosmetic customization, but otherwise functioned like standard Apple Watches.[70]

Apple Watch went on sale in India in November 2015.[71] The device also launched in Chile, the Philippines, Indonesia, and South Africa.[72][73]

Specifications

Design
Underside of the Series 3 showing sensors and the digital crown
Series 4 (40mm)

Each series of Apple Watch is offered in multiple variants, distinguished by the casing's material, color, and size,[74] with special bands and digital watch faces available for certain variants co-branded with Nike and Hermès, which are also sometimes accompanied by other unique extras, like stainless steel charging pucks, premium packaging, and exclusive color basic bands.[75][76][77][78]

Originally at launch, the Apple Watch was marketed through 3 "collections", with the case made out of different materials:

  • Apple Watch Sport (Aluminium case)
  • Apple Watch (Stainless steel case)
  • Apple Watch Edition (Originally released as an 18kt gold casing with newer materials in later models)

Since Series 2, Apple dropped the "Sport" moniker from the branding (apart from the sport bands). "Apple Watch Edition" branding still exists.[79]

The Series 4 and Series 5 have been made available two sizes, 40 mm (1.6 in) and 44 mm (1.7 in), replacing the 38 mm (1.5 in) and 42 mm (1.7 in) sizes of the original, Series 2, and Series 3 models.[80][81] The design of the watch has not changed significantly since its release, so customizable bands and accessories are typically compatible with any Apple Watch of the same size, while 38 mm (1.5 in) straps also fit 40 mm (1.6 in) watches, and 42 mm (1.7 in) straps fit 44 mm (1.7 in) watches.[82] The casing of the watch includes a mechanism to enable the straps to be interchangeable.

For input, the watch includes a "digital crown", which can be turned to scroll or zoom and pressed to return to the home screen, and a touchscreen that features Force Touch technology, which makes it pressure-sensitive and capable of distinguishing between a tap and a press.[15] The watch also has a side button which can be used to display recently used apps and access Apple Pay.[83] Apple rates the device's battery for 18 hours of mixed usage.[15][84] Apple Watch is charged by means of inductive charging, using a cable similar to the MagSafe cable from Apple's MacBook family of laptops.[30] If the watch's battery depletes to less than 10 percent, the user is alerted and offered to enable a "power reserve" mode, which allows the user to continue to read the time for an additional 72 hours. The watch then reverts to its original mode when recharged.[85]

Apple did not explicitly market the first generation Apple Watch as being waterproof, stating that it can withstand splashes of water (such as rain and hand washing), but does not recommend submersion (IPX7). Apple introduced a higher level of water resistance with the release of the Apple Watch Series 2, and the device was explicitly advertised as being suitable for swimming and surfing.[86]

Bands

Apple Watch comes with an included band (strap) to attach it to the user's wrist, which can be easily changed to other types. Third party bands are compatible with Apple Watch, however Apple produces bands in a variety of materials and colours which are updated each season. The most recent update to the colours occurred in March 2020. Bands designed for the 38mm and 42mm cases are completely compatible with the 40mm and 44mm cases respectively.

Starting with Apple Watch Series 5, Apple introduced the Apple Watch Studio which allows customers to mix and match bands, eliminating the need to purchase a specific combination and allows for a simplification of packaging (since Series 4).

Sport band

Originally designed to be shipped exclusively with the original Apple Watch Sport, the sport band is made of fluoroelastomer with a pin‑and‑tuck closure. Made for an active lifestyle and for its durability, it was originally available in five colours including green, yellow, pink, white. A black colour was also produced which only shipped with the space grey case. The sport band can be purchased in 2 different sizes, S/M and M/L.

Classic Buckle

A leather strap which is reminiscent of traditional wrist watch straps including a metal buckle and fastener, available in a range of colours including black and brown.

Modern Buckle

A leather band which uses a quick release mechanism to attach the strap to the wrist and is designed to wrap symmetrically around the wrist.

Leather loop

Made from Deer skin, the quilted fit of the strap, which has a series of hidden magnets in it, allows it to be infinitely adjustable. The strap is designed to attach to itself in a loop fashion and can be worn snug to the user's wrist.

Milanese loop

Reminiscent of mesh watch straps from more premium brands of watches, the Milanese loop is made of stainless steel with a magnetic fastener. It is infinitely adjustable making it suitable for a variety of wrist sizes.

Woven Nylon

Discontinued band which was similar to the 'classic buckle' band but made from nylon.

Sport loop

Introduced alongside the Apple Watch Series 3, the sport loop is made of nylon and features a hook and loop closure to secure the watch to the wrist. It is quick-fastening and designed for fitness as it is marketed as being breathable and lightweight. It is worn similarly to the leather and Milanese loop bands and is infinitely adjustable.

The most expensive band available for purchase from Apple, the link bracelet mirrors high-end watch bands and includes a butterfly closure for fastening to the wrist. It contains more than 100 components and is made from the same stainless steel alloy as the Apple Watch case. For a larger fit, 6 additional links can be purchased separately, which can be installed using a simple release button.

Nike Sport Band and Sport Loop

The Nike Sport band is the signature band which ships with Apple Watch Nike Series 2 and later. It is made from fluoroelastomer, however it has compression-moulded perforations for breathability. The perforations often have a contrasting colour in them.

Similar in fit and wear to the normal sport loop, the Nike sport loop bands contain a reflective thread which shimmers when light strikes it. Although both Nike bands are designed to complement the Nike Apple Watch, they can also be purchased separately.

Solo Loop and Braided Solo Loop

Announced alongside the Apple Watch Series 6 and Apple Watch SE, the Solo Loop and Braided Solo Loop have no buckles or clasps. Both loops, stated by Apple as being compatible with Series 4 and above plus Watch SE, come in 12 sizes and a variety of colors. However, only six of the sizes are compatible with all watches that are otherwise compatible—the three smallest sizes are incompatible with a 44 mm case, while the three largest are incompatible with a 40 mm case.

First generation
Apple S1

The first-generation Apple Watch,[87] colloquially referred to as Series 0, uses the single-core S1 system-on-chip. It does not have a built-in GPS chip, instead relying on a paired iPhone for location services. It uses a linear actuator called the "Taptic Engine" to provide haptic feedback when an alert or a notification is received, and is used for other purposes by certain apps.[15] The watch is equipped with a built-in heart rate sensor, which uses both infrared and visible-light LEDs and photodiodes.[88] All versions of the first-generation Apple Watch have 8 GB of storage; the operating system allows the user to store up to 2 GB of music and 75 MB of photos. When the Apple Watch is paired with an iPhone, all music on that iPhone is also available to be controlled and accessed from the Apple Watch.[89] Software support for the first Apple Watch ended with watchOS 4.3.2.

Second generation (Series 1 and 2)
Apple S2
Main article: Apple Watch Series 2

The second generation has two models. The Series 1 has a variant of the dual-core Apple S2 processor with GPS removed, known as the Apple S1P. It has a lower starting price than first generation watches.[90] The Series 2 has the dual-core Apple S2 processor, water resistance to 50 meters, a display twice as bright, and a GPS receiver.[90][86] Software support for the Series 1 and Series 2 Apple Watch ended with watchOS 6.2.8 and then 6.2.9.

Third generation (Series 3)
Apple S3
Main article: Apple Watch Series 3

The third generation of the Apple Watch features a faster processor, the dual-core S3, Bluetooth 4.2 (compared to 4.0 on older models), a built-in altimeter for measuring flights of stairs climbed, increased RAM size, and is available in a variant with LTE cellular connectivity. Siri is able to speak on Apple Watch Series 3 due to the increased processing speed of the Watch.[91]

Fourth generation (Series 4)
Apple S4
Main article: Apple Watch Series 4

The fourth generation Apple Watch[92] was announced in 2018. It features larger displays with thinner bezels and rounded corners, a slightly rounder, thinner chassis with a redesigned ceramic back, a new S4 64-bit dual-core processor capable of up to double the S3's performance, upgraded 16 GB storage, new options for watch face customization, and a new electrical heart sensor which works by measuring the potential difference between the wrist and a finger from the opposing hand into the S4 Module over 30 seconds. The ECG system has received clearance from the United States Food and Drug Administration, a first ever for a consumer device,[93] and is supported by the American Heart Association.[94] This device can also detect falls and will automatically contact emergency services unless the user cancels the outgoing call. The microphone was moved to the opposite side between the side button and the digital crown to improve call quality. Other changes include the digital crown incorporating haptic feedback with the Apple Haptic Engine and includes the new Apple-designed W3 wireless chip.

Fifth generation (Series 5)
Apple S5
Main article: Apple Watch Series 5

The fifth generation of the Apple Watch was revealed during the 2019 Apple Special Event. It includes an always-on display with energy-saving LTPO OLED screen and low-power screen driver capable of refresh rates as low as once per second. Additional new features include International Emergency Calling enabling emergency calls in over 150 countries, a more energy-efficient S5 processor, improved ambient light sensor, doubling of storage to 32 GB, and the addition of a magnetometer, enabling a compass function. It also brought back the "Edition" tier, with a ceramic model absent from the previous generation, and a new titanium model which comes in two colors: natural and Space Black.[95]

Sixth generation (Series 6 and SE)
Apple S6
Main articles: Apple Watch Series 6 and Apple Watch SE

The sixth generation of the Apple Watch was revealed during the September 15, 2020 Time Flies Apple Event. Additional new features include a new S6 processor (that is up to 20% faster than the S4 and S5),[96] a brighter always-on display, a blood oxygen app that works with a new in-watch sensor, an electrocardiogram app, a sleep monitoring app, and an always-on altimeter.[97] The S6 has an updated 3rd generation Optical Heart Rate Sensor.

The Apple Watch SE only uses the S5 processor, does not have the ECG app and Blood Oxygen Sensor, and only comes with the 2nd generation Optical Heart Rate Sensor.

Software

Apple Watch runs watchOS, whose interface is based around a home screen with circular app icons. The OS can be navigated using the touchscreen or the crown on the side of the watch.[15] During its debut, the first generation Apple Watch needed to be paired with an iPhone 5 or later running iOS 8.2 or later; this version of iOS introduced the Apple Watch app, which is used to pair the watch with an iPhone, customize settings and loaded apps, and highlight compatible apps from the App Store.[15]

The Apple Watch is capable of receiving notifications, messages, and phone calls via a paired iPhone.[15] "Glances" allowed users to swipe between pages containing widget-like displays of information; however, this feature was replaced by a new Control Center. watchOS also supports Handoff to send content from Apple Watch to an iOS or macOS device,[15] and act as a viewfinder for an iPhone camera,[83] Siri is also available for voice commands, and is capable of responding with voice prompts on the Series 3 watches.[15] Apple Watch also supports Apple Pay, and enables its use with older iPhone models that do not contain near-field communication (NFC) support.[15]

Apple Watch's default apps are designed to interact with their iOS counterparts, such as Mail, Phone, Calendar, Messages, Maps, Music, Photos, Reminders, Remote (which can control iTunes and Apple TV), Stocks, and Wallet.[15] Using the Activity and Workout apps, a user can track their physical activity and send data back to the iPhone for use in its Health app and other HealthKit-enabled software.[15] With watchOS 3, Reminders, Home, Find My Friends, Heart Rate, and Breathe were added to the stock apps.

With the release of watchOS 4 and the Series 3 Apple Watch, iPhone 5 and iPhone 5c support was dropped, requiring users to use an iPhone 5s or later with iOS 11 or later to use watchOS 4. Apple Watches still running watchOS 3 or below remain compatible with the iPhone 5 and iPhone 5c. Further, watchOS 5 dropped support for the original (Series 0) Apple Watch.[98] watchOS 6 requires iOS 13, and was the final version to support the Series 1 and Series 2 Apple Watch. watchOS 7 requires iOS 14.

Version history
See also: watchOS version history

At WWDC 2015, Tim Cook announced watchOS 2.0; described by CNET as a "significant revamp", it included a new software development kit that allows more direct access to the device's hardware, new watch faces, the ability to reply to an e-mail, and other features.[99] WatchOS 2.0 was released in September 2015.[100] Following the software update, some users experienced issues with lag.[101]

watchOS 3.0 was announced at WWDC 2016, with a priority on performance. Users are able to keep apps running in memory as well as receive background updates and refreshed information. Other updates include a new Dock invoked with the side button to replace the performance-laden Glances, an updated Control Center, and new reply options on Messages. Several new watch faces have also been added, including Minnie Mouse, along with the ability to switch watch faces from the lock screen simply by swiping. A new feature called SOS allows users to hold the dock button to make a call to the local emergency line and pull up the user's Medical ID. Another feature is Activity Sharing, which allows sharing of workouts with friends and even sending their heartbeats to one another. A new app called Breathe guides users through breathing exercises throughout the day, with visuals and haptic feedback. It was made available to the public in September 2016.

watchOS 3.1 was released to the public in October 2016, and watchOS 3.2 was released in March 2017.[102] Both updates added minor improvements and bug fixes.

WatchOS 4.0 was announced at WWDC 2017 and released to the public in September 2017. WatchOS 4 features a proactive Siri watch face, personalized activity coaching, and an entirely redesigned music app. It also introduces Apple GymKit, a technology platform to connect workouts with cardio equipment.

WatchOS 4.3 was released in March 2018. It introduced support for Nightstand mode in portrait orientation. It brought back the ability for music playing on the iPhone to be controlled using the Music app on the Apple Watch and also enabled control of playback and volume on Apple's HomePod. Other new features included a new charging animation and a new app loading animation. Activity data was added to the Siri watch face, and the battery complication more accurately reports battery life.

watchOS 5.0 was first shown to the public at the San Jose WWDC developer conference held by Apple. It introduced an instant watch-to-watch walkie-talkie mode, all-new Podcasts app, raise-wrist-to-speak Siri, customizable Control Center, and the ability to access the notification center and control center from apps. Other features included support for WebKit to view web pages, six new watch faces, and new workout running features.[103] It was released to the public in September 2018.[104] On the newest release of watchOS beta the sleep feature was shown on screen, this would eliminate the need to use third-party apps.

watchOS 6.0 was released to the public in September 2019. It introduced more native iOS apps such as voice memos, calculator, and a native watchOS app store. watchOS 6.0 also introduced new features such as the noise app that allows you to measure the sound around you in decibels, menstrual tracking, and new watch faces. Other features include Siri being able to tell users what music they are listening to, activity trends, and a new UI framework for developers.

watchOS 7.0 was announced in 22 June 2020 at the WWDC, and released on September 16th, 2020; new functionalities include sleep tracking, additional watch faces, handwashing detection and new workouts such as dancing.[105]

Third-party apps

In watchOS 1, third-party WatchKit applications run in the background on the iPhone as an application extension while a set of native user interface resources are installed on Apple Watch.[106] Thus, watchOS apps must be bundled within their respective iOS app, and are synced to the watch either manually, or automatically upon installation of the phone app.[15]

With the release of watchOS 2, Apple made it mandatory for new watch apps to be developed with the watchOS 2 SDK from June 1, 2016 onwards; no third-party languages or SDKs can be used to develop apps.[107] This allowed for developers to create native apps that are run on the watch itself, thus improving the responsiveness of third-party apps.

In watchOS 5 and earlier, all watchOS apps are dependent apps - the watchOS app relies on an iOS companion app in order to function properly.[108] However, in watchOS 6 or later, developers are able to create completely independent watchOS apps, and no longer require an app to be installed on the paired iPhone. This was assisted by the introduction of a separate App Store on the Apple Watch itself.[109]

Models
See also: List of iOS devices § Apple Watch
An Apple Store showcase with various Apple Watch models

As of September 2020, seven generations and seven series of Apple Watch have been released.

Apple Watch models have been divided into five "collections": Apple Watch (1st gen-present), Apple Watch Sport (1st gen), Apple Watch Nike+ (Series 2-present), Apple Watch Hermès (1st gen-Series 5, Series 6-present), and Apple Watch Edition (1st gen-Series 3, Series 5, Series 6-present). They are differentiated by combinations of cases, bands, and exclusive watch faces; Apple Watch comes with either aluminum or stainless steel cases, and various watch bands (only stainless steel was offered for Apple Watch 1st gen); Apple Watch Sport came with aluminum cases and sport bands or woven nylon bands; Apple Watch Nike+ comes with aluminum cases and Nike sport bands or sport loops; Apple Watch Hermès uses stainless steel cases and Hermès leather watch bands (also included is an exclusive Hermès orange sport band); and Apple Watch Edition came with ceramic cases and various bands (the 1st gen Apple Watch Edition used 18 karat yellow or rose gold).[110] With the Series 5, the Edition tier was expanded with a new titanium case.[95]

Apple Watch Series 1 models were previously only available with aluminum cases and sport bands.[111]

As of Series 3, each Apple Watch model in aluminum, the least expensive casing, is available either with or without LTE cellular connectivity, while the models with the other casing materials available (stainless steel and sometimes ceramic and titanium) always include it.[45][112]

Each model through Series 3 comes in a 38- or 42-millimeter body, with the larger size having a slightly larger screen and battery.[15] The Series 4 has been updated to 40- and 44-millimeter models, respectively. Each model has various color and band options. Featured Apple-made bands include colored sport bands, sport loop, woven nylon band, classic buckle, modern buckle, leather loop, Milanese loop, and a link bracelet.[15]

Comparison of models
Watch Released with Release date Final supported OS Support ended Support lifespan
Apple Watch (1st generation) watchOS 1.0 (iOS 8.2) April 24, 2015 watchOS 4.3.2 (iOS 11.4.1)[upper-alpha 1] September 17, 2018 3 years, 4 months
Series 1 watchOS 3.0 (iOS 10.0) September 12, 2016 watchOS 6.3 (iOS 13.7)[upper-alpha 2] September 15, 2020 4 years, 4 months
Series 2 watchOS 3.0 (iOS 10.0) September 16, 2016 4 years, 4 months
Series 3 watchOS 4.0 (iOS 11.0) September 22, 2017 Latest watchOS (Current) 3 years, 4 months +
Series 4 watchOS 5.0 (iOS 12.0) September 21, 2018 Latest watchOS (Current) 2 years, 4 months +
Series 5 watchOS 6.0 (iOS 13.0) September 20, 2019 Latest watchOS (Current) 1 year, 4 months +
SE watchOS 7.0 (iOS 14.0) September 18, 2020 Latest watchOS (Current) 4 months +
Series 6 watchOS 7.0 (iOS 14.0) September 18, 2020 Latest watchOS (Current) 4 months +
Legend:   Discontinued and unsupported   Discontinued, but still supported   Current or still sold
  1. watch OS 4.3.2 requires iOS version 11.4, but higher version iOS can still pair with a watchOS 4 watch.
  2. watch OS 6.3 requires iOS version 13.5, but iOS 14 can still pair with a watchOS 6 watch.
Legend:   Discontinued and unsupported   Discontinued, but still supported   Current
Specification[113] 1st generation (Series 0)[16] 2nd generation (Series 1)[90] 2nd generation (Series 2)[90] 3rd generation (Series 3)[10][113] 4th generation (Series 4)[114] 5th generation (Series 5)[115] 6th generation (SE) 6th generation (Series 6)
System on chip (SoC)[113] Apple S1[16] Apple S1P[90] Apple S2[90] Apple S3[10][113] Apple S4[113] Apple S5[115] Apple S6
Satellite Navigation[113] No[16][90] Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS[90] Global Positioning System (GPS), GLONASS, Galileo, and QZSS[10][113]
Cellular (LTE / UMTS)[113] No[16][113][90] Optional (eSIM)[10][113][115]
Water resistance[113] IPX7 splash resistant (up to 1 meter)[16][90] ISO 22810:2010 water resistant (up to 50 meters)[10][90][115]
Wireless networking[113] Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz)[16][10][90][115] Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz)
Bluetooth[113] Bluetooth 4.0[16][113][90] Bluetooth 4.2[10][113] Bluetooth 5.0[113][115]
Ultra Wideband No U1 chip[116]
Optical heart sensor[113] Yes[16][90][10][113][115]
Electrical heart sensor (ECG/EKG)[113] No[113] Yes[113][115] No Yes
Blood oxygen sensor[113] No[113] Yes[113][115]
Accelerometer[113] 16g[16][90][10][113] 32g[113][115]
Gyroscope[113] Yes[16][90][10][113] Improved[113][115]
Ambient light sensor[113] Yes[16][90][10][113][115]
Altimeter[113] No[16][90] Yes[10][113][115] Always on[10][113][115]
Compass No Yes[117]
"Siri Speaks" and "Raise to Speak"[118] No Yes
Display[113] OLED Retina display with Force Touch (450 nits)[16][90] Second-generation OLED Retina display with Force Touch (1000 nits)[90][10][113] LTPO[119] OLED Retina display with Force Touch (1000 nits)[113] LTPO OLED Always-on Retina display with Force Touch (1000 nits)[115] LTPO[119] OLED Retina display (1000 nits)[113] LTPO OLED Always-on Retina display (1000 nits)[115]
Pixel Density 326 ppi
Display Size 38mm (case height): 1.337in (diagonal) with 272x340 pixels[120] 40mm (case height): 1.533in (diagonal) with 324x394 pixels[120] (viewable area reduced by rounded corners)
42mm (case height): 1.566in (diagonal) with 312x390 pixels[120] 44mm (case height): 1.780in (diagonal) with 368x448 pixels[120] (viewable area reduced by rounded corners)
Central Processing Unit (CPU) 520 MHz 32-bit Single-Core[5] 520 MHz 32-bit Dual-Core[121] 32-bit Dual-Core[113] 64-bit Dual-Core[113][115]
Storage 8 GB[5][113] Non-LTE: 8 GB[113]
LTE: 16 GB[113]		 16 GB[113] 32 GB[115]
Random Access Memory (RAM) 512 MB DRAM[5][4] 768 MB DRAM[122] 1 GB (1024 MB) DRAM[6] Unknown
OS Versions watchOS 1.0 to 4.3.2[16] watchOS 3.0 to 6.2.9[123] watchOS 4.0 to 7.3[105] watchOS 5.0 to 7.3[105] watchOS 6.0 to 7.3[105] watchOS 7.0 to 7.3
Requires[A] iPhone 5 or later running iOS 8.2 or later[16] iPhone 5 or later running iOS 10 or later[124] Non-LTE: iPhone 5S or later running iOS 11 or later[10]
LTE: iPhone 6 or later, running iOS 11 or later[10]		 Non-LTE: iPhone 5S or later running iOS 12 or later[11]
LTE: iPhone 6 or later, running iOS 12 or later[113]		 iPhone 6s or later, running iOS 13 or later iPhone 6s or later with iOS 14 or later
Battery 205 mA·h, 3.8 V, 0.78 W·h battery capacity (38 mm)[19]

246 mA·h, 3.78 V, 0.93 W·h battery capacity (42 mm)[19]

 273 mA·h, 3.77 V, 1.03 W·h battery capacity (38 mm)[20]

334 mA·h, 3.8 V, 1.27 W·h battery capacity (42 mm)[21]

 Non-LTE: 262 mA·h, 3.81 V, 1.00 W·h battery capacity (38 mm)[22]

342 mA·h, 3.82 V, 1.31 W·h battery capacity (42 mm)[23]

LTE: 279 mA·h, 3.82 V, 1.07 W·h battery capacity (38 mm)[24]

352 mA·h,  3.82 V, 1.34 W·h battery capacity (42 mm)[25]

 40 mm: 224.9 mA·h, 3.81 V, 0.858 W·h battery capacity[26]

44 mm: 291.8 mA·h, 3.81 V, 1.113 W·h battery capacity[27]

 40 mm: 245 mA·h, 3.85 V, 0.944 W·h battery capacity[26]

44 mm: 296 mA·h, 3.814 V, 1.129 W·h battery capacity[28]

 Unknown 40 mm: 265.9 mA·h, 3.85 V, 1.024 W·h battery capacity[29]

44 mm: 303.8 mA·h, 3.85 V, 1.17 W·h battery capacity[29]

Charge Times - - - ~1.5 hours to 80%

~2 hours to 100%[125]

 ~1.5 hours to 80%

~2 hours to 100%[126]

 ~1.5 hours to 80%

~2.5 hours to 100%[125]

 ~1.5 hours to 80%

~2.5 hours to 100%

 ~1 hour to 80%

~1.5 hours to 100%[127]

Weight 25g[128] to 69g[129] 25g to 30g [130] 28.2g to 52.4g [131] 26.7g to 52.8g [132] 30.1g to 47.9g [133] 30.8g to 47.8g [117] 30.49g to 36.36g [134] 30.5g to 47.1g [135]
Greenhouse Gas Emissions 50 kg CO2e[136] 20 kg CO2e[137] 30 kg CO2e[138] Non-LTE: 28 kg CO2e[139]

LTE: 36 kg CO2e[140]

 Non-LTE: 38 kg CO2e[141]

LTE: 39 kg CO2e[142]

 All: 40 kg CO2e[143] All: 35 kg CO2e[144] All: 36 kg CO2e[145]
Introduced April 2015 September 2016 September 2016 September 2017 September 2018 September 2019 September 15, 2020
Discontinued September 2016 September 2018 September 2017 In production September 2019 September 2020 In Production
Model Numbers[146] A1553 (38mm) A1554 (42mm) A1802 (38mm) A1803 (42mm) A1757 (38mm) A1758 (42mm)
Edition: A1816 (38mm) A1817 (42mm)		 GPS: A1858 (38mm) A1859 (42mm)
GPS + Cellular:
Americas: A1860 (38mm) A1861 (42mm)
Europe and Asia Pacific: A1889 (38mm) A1891 (42mm)
China mainland: A1890 (38mm) A1892 (42mm)		 GPS: A1977 (40mm) A1978 (44mm)
GPS + Cellular:
North America: A1975 (40mm) A1976 (44mm)
Europe, Asia Pacific, and China mainland: A2007 (40mm) A2008 (44mm)		 GPS: A2092 (40mm), A2093 (44mm)
GPS + Cellular:
North America: A2094 (40mm) A2095 (44mm)
Europe, Asia Pacific, and China mainland: A2156 (40mm) A2157 (44mm)		 GPS: A2351 (40mm), A2352 (44mm)
GPS + Cellular:
North America: A2353 (40mm) A2354 (44mm)
Europe, Asia Pacific, and China mainland: A2355 (40mm) A2356 (44mm)		 GPS: A2291 (40mm), A2292 (44mm)
GPS + Cellular:
North America: A2293 (40mm) A2294 (44mm)
Europe, Asia Pacific, and China mainland: A2375 (40mm) A2376 (44mm)
FCC ID BCG-E2870[147] BCG-E2871[148] BCG-E3102[149] BCG-E3103[150] BCG-E3104[151] BCG-E3105[152] BCG-A1858[153] BCG-A1859[154] BCG-A1860[155] BCG-A1861[156] BCG-A1889[157] BCG-A1891[158] BCG-A1890[159] BCG-A1892[160] BCG-A1977[161] BCG-A1978[162] BCG-A1975[163] BCG-A1976[164] BCG-A2007[165] BCG-A2008[166] BCG-A2092[167] BCG-A2093[168] BCG-A2094[169] BCG-A2095[170] BCG-A2156[171] BCG-A2157[172] BCG-A2351[173] BCG-A2352[174] BCG-A2353[175] BCG-A2354[176] BCG-A2355[177] BCG-A2356[178] BCG-A2291[179] BCG-A2292[180] BCG-A2293[181] BCG-A2294[182] BCG-A2375[183] BCG-A2376[184]
Launch price - base model (US) $349 $269 $369 $329 $399 $279 $399
  • ^[A] At time of original release.

Reception
An Apple Store opens its doors on the first day of sales of the Apple Watch.

Following the announcement, initial impressions from technology and watch industry observers were varied; the watch was praised by some for its "design, potential capabilities and eventual usefulness",[185] while others offered criticism of these same aspects.[185] Venture capitalist Marc Andreessen said he "can't wait" to try it,[186] and Steve Jobs' biographer Walter Isaacson described it as "extremely cool" and an example of future technology that is "much more embedded into our lives".[187] However, Evan Dashevsky of PC Magazine said it offered nothing new in terms of functionality compared to the Moto 360, except the customizable vibration notifications.[188] In November 2014, Apple Watch was listed by Time as one of the 25 Best Inventions of 2014.[189]

Initial reviews for the device have been generally positive with some caveats.[190] Reviewers praised the watch's potential ability to integrate into everyday life and the overall design of the product, but noted issues of speed and price. Many reviewers described the watch as functional and convenient, while also noting failure to offer as much potential functionality as preceding smartphones. Farhad Manjoo of The New York Times mentioned the device's steep learning curve, stating it took him "three long, often confusing and frustrating days" to become accustomed to watchOS 1, but loved it thereafter.[191] Some reviewers also compared it to competing products, such as Android Wear devices, and claimed "The Smartwatch Finally Makes Sense".[192] Reviewers had mixed opinions on battery life though, with Geoffrey Fowler of The Wall Street Journal saying "the battery lives up to its all-day billing, but sometimes just barely,"[192] and others compared it to the Samsung Gear 2, which "strolls through three days of moderate usage."[193] Tim Bradshaw of the Financial Times used several applications over a period of days. He concluded that there is no "killer application" so far besides telling the time, which is the basic function of a wristwatch anyhow.[194]

When using the Apple Watch, some users have reported issues using the heart monitoring feature due to permanent skin conditions including tattoos. The Watch uses photoplethysmography technology (PPG) which utilizes the green LED lights to measure heart rates.[195] To gauge a user's heart rate, the watch flashes green light from the LEDs at the skin and records the amount of this light that is absorbed by the red pigment of the blood.[196] However, under certain circumstances the skin may not allow for the light absorption to be read properly and thus provide inaccurate results.[197]

Some users have complained that the logo and text on the back of the Apple Watch Sport model, primarily the space gray version,[198] can be easily worn off.[199]

Sales

Financial analysts offered early sales estimates from a few million to as many as 34.7 million in the first year.[200] Time's Tim Bajarin summarized the breadth of reactions, writing that "there is not enough information yet to determine how this product will fare when it finally reaches the market next year".[185]

Owing to the inadequacy of materials, the Apple Watch's delivery was delayed from its initial pre-order release date of April 10, 2015.[201] As a result, only 22 percent of the pre-ordered Apple Watches were dispatched in the United States during the weekend after the release date.[202] It is estimated Apple received almost one million Apple Watch pre-orders in the United States during the initial six hours of the pre-order period on April 10, 2015, after which it sold out and further orders would start delivering in June.[203] A report later on by an analyst stated that Apple Watch was already a $10 billion business during its first year.[204][205][206]

Apple has not disclosed any sales figures for the Apple Watch.[207] An estimate by IDC states Apple shipped over 12 million units in 2015.[208] In late 2016, a veteran of the Swiss watch industry said Apple sold about 20 million watches and had a market share of about 50 percent.[209]

Controversies

In December 2019, Dr. Joseph Wiesel, a New York University cardiologist, sued Apple over allegations that the Apple Watch violates a patented method for detecting atrial fibrillation. Wiesel claimed he had shared details of the patent with Apple in September 2017, but the company refused to negotiate.[210][211]

See also

Notes
  1. In September 2016, the second generation of Apple Watch was divided into two Series, the Series 2 and the budget Series 1, with different internal components.[37] In September 2020, the sixth generation of Apple Watch was divided into the Series 6 and the budget Apple Watch SE, also carrying different internal components.[38][39]
    For convenience sake, this article treats the SE as the equivalent of a numbered Series.

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