Édouard Herriot

Édouard Marie Herriot (French: [edwaʁ ɛʁjo]; 5 July 1872 – 26 March 1957) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister and for many years as President of the Chamber of Deputies.[1] He was leader of the first Cartel des Gauches.

Édouard Herriot
Prime Minister of France
In office
3 June 1932 – 18 December 1932
PresidentAlbert Lebrun
Preceded byAndré Tardieu
Succeeded byJoseph Paul-Boncour
In office
20 July 1926 – 23 July 1926
PresidentGaston Doumergue
Preceded byAristide Briand
Succeeded byRaymond Poincaré
In office
15 June 1924 – 17 April 1925
PresidentGaston Doumergue
Preceded byFrédéric François-Marsal
Succeeded byPaul Painlevé
Mayor of Lyon
In office
1945–1957
Preceded byJustin Godart
Succeeded byLouis Pradel
Personal details
Born(1872-07-05)5 July 1872
Troyes, France
Died26 March 1957(1957-03-26) (aged 84)
Saint-Genis-Laval, France
Resting placeLoyasse Cemetery
NationalityFrench
Political partyRadical Party
Spouse(s)Blanche Rebatel
EducationLycée Louis-le-Grand
Alma materÉcole normale supérieure

Life

Hérriot was born at Troyes, France on 5 July 1872. He served as Mayor of Lyon from 1905 until his death, except for a brief period from 1940 to 1945, when he was exiled to Germany for opposing the Vichy regime. As mayor, Herriot improved relations between municipal government and local unions, increased public assistance funds, and began an urban renewal programme,[2] amongst other measures. He died in Lyon on 26 March 1957.[1] He is buried at the Cimetière de Loyasse.

Herriot's First Ministry, 14 June 1924 – 17 April 1925

Changes

Herriot's Second Ministry, 19–23 July 1926

Herriot's Third Ministry, 3 June – 18 December 1932

Denial of the Holodomor

The height of denial of the Holodomor was reached during a visit to Ukraine carried out between 26 August and 9 September 1933 by Herriot, who had recently left the French Prime Ministry. Herriot denied accounts of the famine and said that Soviet Ukraine was "like a garden in full bloom".[3]

Furthermore, he announced to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of hunger, and that the allegations of starving millions were being spread by adversaries of the Soviet Union. "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders", he declared. The 13 September 1933 issue of Pravda was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the USSR."[4]

Political career

Governmental functions

Président of the Council of Ministers : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932.

Minister of Transport, Public Works and Supply : 1916–1917.

Minister of Education and Fine Arts : 1926–1928.

Minister of Foreign Affairs : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932.

Minister of State : 1934–1936.

Electoral mandates

National Assembly of France

President of the National Assembly of France : 1947–1954.

Member of the National Assembly of France for Rhône (department) : 1946–1957 (He died in 1957). Elected in 1946, reelected in 1951, 1956.

Constitutional Assembly

Member of the Constitutional Assembly for Rhône (department) : 1945–1946. Elected in 1945, reelected in June 1946.

Chamber of Deputies of France

President of the Chamber of Deputies of France : 1925–1926 / 1936–1940.

Member of the Chamber of Deputies of France for Rhône (department) : 1919–1942 (Dissolution of Parliament by Philippe Petain in 1942). Elected in 1919, reelected in 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936.

Senate of France

Senator of Rhône : 1912–1919. Elected in 1911.

General council

General councillor of Rhône (department) : 1945–1951.

Municipal Council

Mayor of Lyon : 1905–1940 (Deposition by Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953.

Municipal councillor of Lyon : 1904–1940 (Deposition by the Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953.

Political functions

President of the Radical Party (France) : 1919–1926 / 1931–1936 / 1948–1953 / 1955–1957.

Legacy

Herriot was declared an honorary citizen of the city of Veliki Bečkerek (today Zrenjanin) in 1933. There is also a street with his name in Zrenjanin.

His visit to a church in Kiev, where a fake religious service was organized for the occasion, is described in "The Mechanical Lions", one of the stories from the book A Tomb for Boris Davidovich by Danilo Kiš.

See also

References
  1. "Herriot Is Dead. French Leader, 84". The New York Times. March 27, 1957. Retrieved 2015-01-07. Three-Time Premier, Radical Party Power, Was Scholar and Member of Academy. Hoped to Defeat E.D.C. Plan '54. Long Urged Nation Pay War Debts to U.S. Tributes From Leaders National Funeral Urged Widely Known in U.S. Became Premier in 1924. Abstained From Vote. Edouard Herriot, French statesman, party leader, scholar and author who had become a symbol of the premier Third Republic, died today at the age of 84. ...
  2. Stone, Judith F. (8 April 1985). The Search for Social Peace: Reform Legislation in France, 1890–1914. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780887060229. Retrieved 8 April 2018 – via Google Books.
  3. Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-674-07608-7, pages 159–160
  4. "France, Germany and Austria facing the famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine" (PDF). holodomorct.org. Retrieved 8 April 2018.

Further reading
  • De Tarr, Francis. The French Radical Party: From Herriot to Mendès-France (Greenwood, 1980).
Political offices
Preceded by
Marcel Sembat		 Minister of Public Works and Transport
1916–1917		 Succeeded by
Georges Desplas
Preceded by
—		 Minister of Supply
1916–1917		 Succeeded by
Maurice Viollette
Preceded by
Frédéric François-Marsal		 Prime Minister of France
1924–1925		 Succeeded by
Paul Painlevé
Preceded by
Edmond Lefebvre du Prey		 Minister of Foreign Affairs
1924–1925		 Succeeded by
Aristide Briand
Preceded by
Paul Painlevé		 President of the Chamber of Deputies
1925–1926		 Succeeded by
Raoul Péret
Preceded by
Aristide Briand		 Prime Minister of France
1926		 Succeeded by
Raymond Poincaré
Minister of Foreign Affairs
1926		 Succeeded by
Aristide Briand
Preceded by
Édouard Daladier		 Minister of Public Instruction
1926–1928		 Succeeded by
Pierre Marraud
Preceded by
André Tardieu		 Prime Minister of France
1932		 Succeeded by
Joseph Paul-Boncour
Minister of Foreign Affairs
1932
Preceded by
—		 Minister of State
1934–1936		 Succeeded by
—
Preceded by
Fernand Bouisson		 President of the Chamber of Deputies
1936–1940		 Succeeded by
—
Preceded by
Vincent Auriol		 President of the National Assembly
1947–1954		 Succeeded by
André Le Troquer
New office President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
1949		 Succeeded by
Paul-Henri Spaak
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