List of prime ministers of France

The head of the Government of France has, since 1958, been called the Prime Minister of France.

During earlier periods of French history the French head of government was known by different titles. As was common in European democracies of the period, between 1815 and 1958 (the Bourbon and July monarchies, the Second, Third and Fourth Republics, and the Vichy regime), the Head of Government was called President of the Council of Ministers (Président du Conseil des Ministres), generally shortened to "President of the Council" (Président du Conseil). This should not be confused with the office of the President of the Republic and other heads of state: the term 'president' was used for multiple senior political offices.

Kingdom of France (843–1792)

Under the Kingdom of France, there was no official title for the leader of the government. The chief ministers (principal ministres) of certain kings of France nonetheless led the government de facto.

	Name (birth–death)	Took office	Left office	King (Reign)
	Anne de Montmorency (1493–1567)	1 January 1515	1541	Francis I (1515–1547)
	Claude d'Annebault (1495–1552)	1541	31 March 1547	Francis I (1515–1547)
	Anne de Montmorency (1493–1567)	1 April 1547	10 August 1557	Henry II (1547–1559)
—	Position vacant (absolute rule by Henry II)	11 August 1557	10 July 1559	Henry II (1547–1559)
	Francis, Duke of Guise (1519–1563)	10 July 1559	5 December 1560	Francis II (1559–1560)
	Michel de l'Hôpital (1507–1573)	5 December 1560	13 March 1573 (Died in office)	Charles IX (1560–1574)
	Cardinal René de Birague (1506–1583)	30 May 1574	24 November 1583 (Died in office)	Henry III (1574–1589)
	Philippe Hurault de Cheverny (1528–1599)	24 November 1583	12 May 1588
—	Position vacant (absolute rule by Henry III)	12 May 1588	2 August 1589
	Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully (1560–1641)	2 August 1589	29 January 1611	Henry IV (1589–1610)
	Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy (1543–1617)	30 January 1611	9 August 1616	Louis XIII (1610–1643)
	Concino Concini (1575–1617)	9 August 1616	24 April 1617 (Died in office)
	Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes (1578–1621)	24 April 1617	15 December 1621 (Died in office)
—	Position vacant (absolute rule by Louis XIII)	15 December 1621	12 August 1624
	Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu and of Fronsac (1585–1642)	12 August 1624	4 December 1642 (Died in office)
	Cardinal Jules Raymond Mazarin (1602–1661)	5 December 1642	9 March 1661 (Died in office)	Louis XIV (1643–1715)
	Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619–1683)	9 March 1661	6 September 1683
	François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois (1641–1691)	7 September 1683	16 July 1691
—	Position vacant (absolute rule by Louis XIV)	17 July 1691	1 September 1715
	Cardinal Guillaume Dubois (1656–1723)	12 September 1715	10 August 1723 (Died in office)	Louis XV (1715–1774)
	Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (1674–1723)	10 August 1723	2 December 1723 (Died in office)
	Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon (1692–1740)	2 December 1723	11 June 1726
	Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury (1653–1743)	11 June 1726	29 January 1743 (Died in office)
—	Position vacant (absolute rule by Louis XV)	29 January 1743	3 December 1758
	Étienne François de Choiseul, Duke of Choiseul (1719–1785)	3 December 1758	24 December 1770
	René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou (1714–1792)	25 December 1770	23 August 1774
	Jacques Turgot (1727–1781)	24 August 1774	12 May 1776	Louis XVI (1774–1792)
	Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas (1701–1781)	14 May 1776	21 November 1781 (Died in office)
	Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes (1717–1787)	21 November 1781	13 February 1787 (Died in office)
	Archbishop Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne (1727–1794)	1 May 1787	25 August 1788
	Jacques Necker (1732–1804)	25 August 1788	11 July 1789
	Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil (1730–1807)	11 July 1789	16 July 1789
	Jacques Necker (1732–1804)	16 July 1789	3 September 1790
	Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin (1745–1792)	3 September 1790	3 September 1791
—	Constitutional cabinet (supervisioned by Legislative Assembly)	3 September 1791	21 September 1792

First French Republic (1792–1804)

During the First Republic, the arrangements for governance changed frequently:

National Convention (20 September 1792 – 2 November 1795)
- with Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve as President of the National Convention (22 September 1792 – 2 June 1793)
- with Maximilien Robespierre as President of the National Convention (4 June 1793 – 27 July 1794)
- with Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès as President of the National Convention (7 October 1794 – 20 April 1795)
- with Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès as President of the National Convention (20 April 1795 – 26 October 1795)
Directory (2 November 1795 – 10 November 1799), with Paul Barras as President of the Directory
Consulate (10 November 1799 – 18 May 1804), with Napoleon Bonaparte as First Consul of France

There was no individual head of government.

First French Empire (1804–1814)

As Emperor, Napoleon was both head of state and head of government.

Portrait		Name	Term of office			Political party	Emperor (Reign)
		Position vacant (absolute rule by Napoleon I)	1	18 May 1804	1 April 1814	Bonapartist	Napoleon I (1804–1814)

First Restoration (1814–1815)

Portrait		Name	Term of office			Political party	King (Reign)
		Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754–1838) (as President of the Council)	1	1 April 1814	2 May 1814	Independent	Louis XVIII (1814–1815)
		Pierre-Louis, Count of Blacas (1771–1839)	2	2 May 1814	8 July 1815	Independent	Louis XVIII (1814–1815)

Hundred Days (1815)

As Emperor, Napoleon was both head of state and head of government. Upon Napoleon's abdication, his son Napoleon II was named Emperor. This rule was nominal, and Napoleon II remained in Austria throughout his nominal reign.

Portrait		Name	Term of office			Political party	Emperor (Reign)
		Position vacant (absolute rule by Napoleon I)	2	20 March 1815	22 June 1815	Bonapartist	Napoleon I (1815)
		Joseph Fouché (1759–1820) (as President of the Executive Commission)	•	22 June 1815	7 July 1815	Bonapartist	Napoleon II (1815)

Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Political parties

  Independent
  Ultra-royalists
  Doctrinaires

Name (birth–death)	Term of office			Political party	Legislature (Election)	King (Reign)
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754–1838)	•	9 July 1815	26 September 1815	Independent	I (1815)	Louis XVIII (1815–1824)
Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1766–1822)	1	26 September 1815	29 December 1818	Independent	I (1815)
Jean-Joseph, Marquis Dessolles (1767–1828)	•	29 December 1818	19 November 1819	Doctrinaires	II (1816)
Élie Decazes, duc de Glücksbierg and Decazes (1780–1860)	•	19 November 1819	20 February 1820	Doctrinaires	II (1816)
Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1766–1822)	2	20 February 1820	14 December 1821	Doctrinaires	III (1820)
Jean-Baptiste de Villèle (1773–1854)	•	14 December 1821	4 January 1828	Ultra-royalist	III (1820)
Jean-Baptiste de Villèle (1773–1854)	•	14 December 1821	4 January 1828	Ultra-royalist	IV (1824)	Charles X (1824–1830)
Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac (1778–1832)	•	4 January 1828	8 August 1829	Doctrinaires	V (1827)
Jules de Polignac, duc de Polignac (1780–1847)	•	8 August 1829	29 July 1830	Ultra-royalist
Casimir de Rochechouart, duc de Mortemart (1787–1875)	•	29 July 1830		Ultra-royalist

July Monarchy (1830–1848)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Political parties

  Independent
  Orléanist
  Doctrinaires/Movement Party
  Resistance Party

	Name (birth–death)	Term of office			Political party	Legislature (Election)	King (Reign)
—	Position vacant (government led by Louis Philippe I)	0	1 August 1830	2 November 1830	(Orléanist)	I (1830)	Louis Philippe I (1830–1848)
—	Position vacant (government led by Louis Philippe I)	1	1 August 1830	2 November 1830	(Orléanist)
	Jacques Laffitte (1767–1844)	•	2 November 1830	13 March 1831	Orléanist
	Casimir Pierre Périer (1777–1832)	•	13 March 1831	16 May 1832	Resistance Party	II (1831)
	Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1769–1851)	1	11 October 1832	18 July 1834	Orléanist	II (1831)
	Étienne Maurice Gérard (1773–1852)	•	18 July 1834	10 November 1834	Independent	III (1834)
	Hugues-Bernard Maret (1763–1839)	•	10 November 1834	18 November 1834	Independent
	Édouard Mortier (1768–1835)	•	18 November 1834	12 March 1835	Resistance Party
	Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)	•	12 March 1835	22 February 1836	Resistance Party
	Adolphe Thiers (1797–1877)	1	22 February 1836	6 September 1836	Movement Party
	Louis-Mathieu Molé (1781–1855)	1	6 September 1836	31 March 1839	Resistance Party
	Louis-Mathieu Molé (1781–1855)	2	6 September 1836	31 March 1839	Resistance Party	IV (1837)
—	Position vacant (government led by Louis Philippe I)	2	31 March 1839	12 May 1839	(Orléanist)	IV (1837)
	Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1769–1851)	2	12 May 1839	1 March 1840	Resistance Party	V (1839)
	Adolphe Thiers (1797–1877)	2	1 March 1840	29 October 1840	Movement Party	V (1839)
	Jean-de-Dieu Soult (1769–1851)	3	29 October 1840	19 September 1847	Resistance Party	VI (1842)
	François Guizot (1787–1874)	•	19 September 1847	23 February 1848	Resistance Party	VII (1846)
	Louis-Mathieu Molé (1781–1855)	•	23 February 1848	24 February 1848	Resistance Party	VII (1846)

Second French Republic (1848–1852)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Political parties

  Moderate Republican
  Party of Order
  Bonapartist

Portrait		Name (birth–death)	Term of office			Political party	Legislature (Election)	President (Term)
1		Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure (1767–1855)	•	24 February 1848	9 May 1848	Moderate Republican	Const. (1848)		Himself de facto (Provisional)
2		François Arago (1786–1853)	•	10 May 1848	24 June 1848	Moderate Republican			Executive Commission
3		Louis-Eugène Cavaignac (1802–1857)	•	28 June 1848	20 December 1848	Moderate Republican			Himself de facto (Martial Law)
4		Odilon Barrot (1791–1873)	1	20 December 1848	31 October 1849	Party of Order		1	Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (1848–1852)
4		Odilon Barrot (1791–1873)	2	20 December 1848	31 October 1849	Party of Order	Leg. (1849)
5		Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul (1789–1865)	•	31 October 1849	24 January 1851	Party of Order
	—	Position vacant (government led by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte)	•	24 January 1851	10 April 1851	(Bonapartist)
6		Léon Faucher (1803–1854)	•	10 April 1851	26 October 1851	Party of Order
	—	Position vacant (government led by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte)	0	26 October 1851	2 December 1852	(Bonapartist)
			1
			2

Second French Empire (1852–1870)

Cabinet Chiefs

Political parties

Independent
Bonapartist

	Name (birth–death)	Term of office			Political party	Legislature (Election)	Emperor (Reign)
—	Position vacant (absolute rule by Napoleon III)	3	2 December 1852	27 December 1869	(Bonapartist)	I (1852)	Napoleon III (1852–1870)
						II (1857)
						III (1863)
		4				IV (1869)
	Émile Ollivier (1825–1913)	•	2 January 1870	9 August 1870	Bonapartist
	Charles Cousin-Montauban (1796–1878)	•	9 August 1870	4 September 1870	Independent

Third French Republic (1870–1940)

President of the Government of National Defense

Portrait		Name (birth–death)	Term of office			Political party	Legislature (Election)
		Louis-Jules Trochu (1815–1896)	•	4 September 1870	22 January 1871	Military	None

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Political Parties

  Independent
  Monarchists (Legitimist/Orleanist)
  Republican Left/Democratic Union
  Republican Union
  Radical-Socialist Party
  Liberal Republican Union
  Democratic Republican Alliance
  Republican-Socialist Party
  French Section of the Workers' International

Portrait	Name (birth–death)	Term of office			Political party (Political coalition)	Legislature (Election)	President (Term)
6	Jules Armand Dufaure (1798–1881)	1	19 February 1871	24 May 1873	Independent	National Assembly (1871)	2	Adolphe Thiers (1871–1873)
6	Jules Armand Dufaure (1798–1881)	2	19 February 1871	24 May 1873	Independent		2	Adolphe Thiers (1871–1873)
7	Albert, duc de Broglie (1821–1901)	1	25 May 1873	22 May 1874	Monarchist		3	Patrice de Mac Mahon (1873–1879)
7	Albert, duc de Broglie (1821–1901)	2	25 May 1873	22 May 1874	Monarchist
8	Ernest Courtot de Cissey (1810–1882)	•	22 May 1874	10 March 1875	Monarchist
9	Louis Buffet (1818–1898)	•	10 March 1875	23 February 1876	Monarchist
6	Jules Armand Dufaure (1798–1881)	3	23 February 1876	12 December 1876	Republican Left
6	Jules Armand Dufaure (1798–1881)	4	23 February 1876	12 December 1876	Republican Left
10	Jules Simon (1814–1896)	•	12 December 1876	17 May 1877	Republican Left	I (1876)
7	Albert, duc de Broglie (1821–1901)	3	17 May 1877	23 November 1877	Monarchist	I (1876)
11	Gaëtan de Rochebouët (1813–1899)	•	23 November 1877	13 December 1877	Monarchist	II (1877)
6	Jules Armand Dufaure (1798–1881)	5	13 December 1877	4 February 1879	Republican Left
12	William Waddington (1826–1894)	•	4 February 1879	28 December 1879	Republican Left		4	Jules Grévy (1879–1887)
13	Charles de Freycinet (1828–1923)	1	28 December 1879	23 September 1880	Republican Union
14	Jules Ferry (1832–1893)	1	23 September 1880	14 November 1881	Republican Left
15	Léon Gambetta (1838–1882)	•	14 November 1881	30 January 1882	Republican Union	III (1881)
13	Charles de Freycinet (1828–1923)	2	30 January 1882	7 August 1882	Republican Union
16	Charles Duclerc (1812–1888)	•	7 August 1882	29 January 1883	Republican Left
17	Armand Fallières (1841–1931)	•	29 January 1883	21 February 1883	Republican Left
14	Jules Ferry (1832–1893)	2	21 February 1883	6 April 1885	Republican Left
18	Henri Brisson (1835–1912)	1	6 April 1885	7 January 1886	Democratic Union
13	Charles de Freycinet (1828–1923)	3	7 January 1886	16 December 1886	Democratic Union	IV (1885)
19	René Goblet (1828–1905)	•	16 December 1886	30 May 1887	Radical Republican
20	Maurice Rouvier (1842–1911)	1	30 May 1887	12 December 1887	Democratic Union
21	Pierre Tirard (1827–1893)	1	12 December 1887	3 April 1888	Democratic Union		5	Marie François Sadi Carnot (1887–1894)
22	Charles Floquet (1828–1896)	•	3 April 1888	22 February 1889	Democratic Union
21	Pierre Tirard (1827–1893)	2	22 February 1889	17 March 1890	Democratic Union
13	Charles de Freycinet (1828–1923)	4	17 March 1890	27 February 1892	Democratic Union	V (1889)
23	Émile Loubet (1838–1929)	•	27 February 1892	6 December 1892	Democratic Union
24	Alexandre Ribot (1842–1923)	1	6 December 1892	4 April 1893	Liberal Republican Union
24	Alexandre Ribot (1842–1923)	2	6 December 1892	4 April 1893	Liberal Republican Union
25	Charles Dupuy (1851–1923)	1	4 April 1893	3 December 1893	Liberal Republican Union
26	Jean Casimir-Perier (1847–1907)	•	3 December 1893	30 May 1894	Democratic Union	VI (1893)
25	Charles Dupuy (1851–1923)	2	30 May 1894	26 January 1895	Liberal Republican Union
25	Charles Dupuy (1851–1923)	3	30 May 1894	26 January 1895	Liberal Republican Union		6	Jean Casimir-Perier (1894–1895)
24	Alexandre Ribot (1842–1923)	3	26 January 1895	1 November 1895	Liberal Republican Union		7	Félix Faure (1895–1899)
27	Léon Bourgeois (1851–1925)	•	1 November 1895	29 April 1896	Radical Republican
28	Jules Méline (1838–1925)	•	29 April 1896	28 June 1898	Liberal Republican Union
18	Henri Brisson (1835–1912)	2	28 June 1898	1 November 1898	Radical Republicans	VII (1898)
25	Charles Dupuy (1851–1923)	4	1 November 1898	22 June 1899	Liberal Republican Union
25	Charles Dupuy (1851–1923)	5	1 November 1898	22 June 1899	Liberal Republican Union			Émile Loubet (1899–1906)
29	Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau (1846–1904)	•	22 June 1899	7 June 1902	Democratic Union		8
30	Émile Combes (1835–1921)	•	7 June 1902	24 January 1905	Radical-Socialist Party (Bloc des gauches)	VIII (1902)
20	Maurice Rouvier (1842–1911)	2	24 January 1905	12 March 1906	Democratic Republican Alliance
20	Maurice Rouvier (1842–1911)	3	24 January 1905	12 March 1906	Democratic Republican Alliance		9	Armand Fallières (1906–1913)
31	Ferdinand Sarrien (1840–1915)	•	12 March 1906	25 October 1906	Radical-Socialist Party
32	Georges Clemenceau (1841–1929)	1	25 October 1906	24 July 1909	Independent	IX (1906)
33	Aristide Briand (1862–1932)	1	24 July 1909	2 March 1911	Republican-Socialist Party
33	Aristide Briand (1862–1932)	2	24 July 1909	2 March 1911	Republican-Socialist Party
34	Ernest Monis (1846–1929)	•	2 March 1911	27 June 1911	Radical-Socialist Party	X (1910)
35	Joseph Caillaux (1863–1944)	•	27 June 1911	21 January 1912	Radical-Socialist Party
36	Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934)	1	21 January 1912	21 January 1913	Republican Democratic Party
33	Aristide Briand (1862–1932)	3	21 January 1913	22 March 1913	Republican-Socialist Party
33	Aristide Briand (1862–1932)	4	21 January 1913	22 March 1913	Republican-Socialist Party		10	Raymond Poincaré (1913–1920)
37	Louis Barthou (1862–1934)	•	22 March 1913	9 December 1913	Republican Democratic Party
38	Gaston Doumergue (1863–1937)	1	9 December 1913	9 June 1914	Radical-Socialist Party
24	Alexandre Ribot (1842–1923)	4	9 June 1914	13 June 1914	Republican Democratic Party	XI (1914)
39	René Viviani (1863–1925)	1	13 June 1914	29 October 1915	Republican-Socialist Party
39	René Viviani (1863–1925)	2	13 June 1914	29 October 1915	Republican-Socialist Party
33	Aristide Briand (1862–1932)	5	29 October 1915	20 March 1917	Republican-Socialist Party
33	Aristide Briand (1862–1932)	6	29 October 1915	20 March 1917	Republican-Socialist Party
24	Alexandre Ribot (1842–1923)	5	20 March 1917	12 September 1917	Republican Democratic Party
40	Paul Painlevé (1863–1933)	1	12 September 1917	16 November 1917	Republican-Socialist Party
32	Georges Clemenceau (1841–1929)	2	16 November 1917	20 January 1920	Independent
41	Alexandre Millerand (1859–1943)	1	20 January 1920	24 September 1920	Independent (National Bloc)	XII (1919)
41	Alexandre Millerand (1859–1943)	2	20 January 1920	24 September 1920	Independent (National Bloc)		11	Paul Deschanel (1920)
42	Georges Leygues (1857–1933)	•	24 September 1920	16 January 1921	Republican, Democratic and Social Party (National Bloc)		12	Alexandre Millerand (1920–1924)
33	Aristide Briand (1862–1932)	7	16 January 1921	15 January 1922	Republican-Socialist Party
36	Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934)	2	15 January 1922	8 June 1924	Republican, Democratic and Social Party (National Bloc)
36	Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934)	3	15 January 1922	8 June 1924	Republican, Democratic and Social Party (National Bloc)
43	Frédéric François-Marsal (1874–1958)	•	8 June 1924	15 June 1924	Independent (National Bloc)	XIII (1924)
45	Édouard Herriot (1872–1957)	1	15 June 1924	17 April 1925	Radical-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)		13	Gaston Doumergue (1924–1931)
40	Paul Painlevé (1863–1933)	2	17 April 1925	28 November 1925	Republican-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)
40	Paul Painlevé (1863–1933)	3	17 April 1925	28 November 1925	Republican-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)
33	Aristide Briand (1862–1932)	8	28 November 1925	20 July 1926	Republican-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)
		9
		10
45	Édouard Herriot (1872–1957)	2	20 July 1926	23 July 1926	Radical-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)
36	Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934)	4	23 July 1926	29 July 1929	Democratic Alliance (National Union)
36	Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934)	5	23 July 1926	29 July 1929	Democratic Alliance (National Union)
33	Aristide Briand (1862–1932)	11	29 July 1929	2 November 1929	Republican-Socialist Party	XIV (1928)
46	André Tardieu (1876–1945)	1	2 November 1929	21 February 1930	Democratic Alliance
47	Camille Chautemps (1885–1963)	1	21 February 1930	2 March 1930	Radical-Socialist Party
46	André Tardieu (1876–1945)	2	2 March 1930	13 December 1930	Democratic Alliance
48	Théodore Steeg (1868–1950)	•	13 December 1930	27 January 1931	Radical-Socialist Party
49	Pierre Laval (1883–1945)	1	27 January 1931	20 February 1932	Independent (National Bloc)
		2					14	Paul Doumer (1931–1932)
		3
46	André Tardieu (1876–1945)	3	20 February 1932	3 June 1932	Democratic Alliance
45	Édouard Herriot (1872–1957)	3	3 June 1932	18 December 1932	Radical-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)	XV (1932)	15	Albert Lebrun (1932–1940)
50	Joseph Paul-Boncour (1873–1972)	•	18 December 1932	31 January 1933	Republican-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)
51	Édouard Daladier (1884–1970)	1	31 January 1933	26 October 1933	Radical-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)
52	Albert Sarraut (1872–1962)	1	26 October 1933	26 November 1933	Radical-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)
47	Camille Chautemps (1885–1963)	2	26 November 1933	30 January 1934	Radical-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)
51	Édouard Daladier (1884–1970)	2	30 January 1934	9 February 1934	Radical-Socialist Party (Cartel des Gauches)
38	Gaston Doumergue (1863–1937)	2	9 February 1934	8 November 1934	Radical-Socialist Party (Government of National Union)
53	Pierre-Étienne Flandin (1889–1958)	1	8 November 1934	1 June 1935	Democratic Alliance
54	Fernand Bouisson (1874–1959)	•	1 June 1935	7 June 1935	Republican-Socialist Party
49	Pierre Laval (1883–1945)	4	7 June 1935	24 January 1936	Independent (National Bloc)
52	Albert Sarraut (1872–1962)	2	24 January 1936	4 June 1936	Radical-Socialist Party
55	Léon Blum (1872–1950)	1	4 June 1936	22 June 1937	French Section of the Workers' International (Popular Front)	XVI (1936)
47	Camille Chautemps (1885–1963)	3	22 June 1937	13 March 1938	Radical-Socialist Party (Popular Front)
47	Camille Chautemps (1885–1963)	4	22 June 1937	13 March 1938	Radical-Socialist Party (Popular Front)
55	Léon Blum (1872–1950)	2	13 March 1938	10 April 1938	French Section of the Workers' International (Popular Front)
51	Édouard Daladier (1884–1970)	3	10 April 1938	21 March 1940	Radical-Socialist Party
		4
		5
56	Paul Reynaud (1878–1966)	•	21 March 1940	16 June 1940	Democratic Alliance
57	Philippe Pétain (1856–1951)	•	16 June 1940	11 July 1940	Independent

French State (1940–1944)

Until 1942, Marshal Philippe Pétain served as Chief of State and nominal President of the Council of Ministers: the Vice-President of the Council of Ministers was the de facto head of government. From 1942, Pétain remained Chief of State, but Pierre Laval was named Chief of the Government.

Vice-Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Political parties

Vichyist

Portrait	Name (birth–death)	Term of office			Political party	Legislature (Election)
49	Pierre Laval (1883–1945)	5	11 July 1940	13 December 1940	Vichyist	None	Philippe Pétain (1940–1944)
53	Pierre-Étienne Flandin (1889–1958)	2	13 December 1940	9 February 1941	Vichyist
58	François Darlan (1881–1942)	•	9 February 1941	18 April 1942	Vichyist
49	Pierre Laval (1883–1945) (as Chief of the Government)	6	18 April 1942	19 August 1944	Vichyist

Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946)

Chairmen of the Provisional Government

Political parties

  Independent
  French Section of the Workers' International
  Popular Republican Movement

Portrait	Name (birth–death)	Term of office			Political party (Political coalition)	Legislature (Election)
59	Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970)	1	3 June 1944	26 January 1946	Independent	Provisional
59	Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970)	2	3 June 1944	26 January 1946	Independent	I (1945)
60	Félix Gouin (1884–1977)	•	26 January 1946	24 June 1946	French Section of the Workers' International (Tripartisme)	I (1945)
61	Georges Bidault (1899–1983)	1	24 June 1946	16 December 1946	Popular Republican Movement (Tripartisme)	II (June 1946)
–	Vincent Auriol (1884–1966) (interim)	–	28 November 1946	16 December 1946	French Section of the Workers' International (Tripartisme)	IV Rep. I (Nov.1946)
62	Léon Blum (1872–1950)	3	16 December 1946	22 January 1947	French Section of the Workers' International (Tripartisme)	IV Rep. I (Nov.1946)

Fourth French Republic (1946–1958)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Political parties

  French Section of the Workers' International
  Radical Party
  Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
  Popular Republican Movement
  National Centre of Independents and Peasants
  Union for the New Republic

Portrait	Name (birth–death)	Term of office			Political party (Political coalition)	Legislature (Election)	President (Term)
63	Paul Ramadier (1888–1961)	1	22 January 1947	24 November 1947	French Section of the Workers' International (Tripartisme)	I (Nov.1946)	16	Vincent Auriol (1947–1954)
63	Paul Ramadier (1888–1961)	2	22 January 1947	24 November 1947
65	Robert Schuman (1886–1963)	1	24 November 1947	24 July 1948	Popular Republican Movement (Third Force)
66	André Marie (1897–1974)	•	24 July 1948	2 September 1948	Radical Party (Third Force)
65	Robert Schuman (1886–1963)	2	2 September 1948	11 September 1948	Popular Republican Movement (Third Force)
67	Henri Queuille (1884–1970)	1	11 September 1948	28 October 1949	Radical Party (Third Force)
61	Georges Bidault (1899–1983)	2	28 October 1949	2 July 1950	Popular Republican Movement (Third Force)
61	Georges Bidault (1899–1983)	3	28 October 1949	2 July 1950	Popular Republican Movement (Third Force)
67	Henri Queuille (1884–1970)	2	2 July 1950	12 July 1950	Radical Party (Third Force)
68	René Pleven (1901–1993)	1	12 July 1950	10 March 1951	Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (Third Force)
67	Henri Queuille (1884–1970)	3	10 March 1951	11 August 1951	Radical Party (Third Force)
68	René Pleven (1901–1993)	2	11 August 1951	20 January 1952	Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (Third Force)	II (1951)
69	Edgar Faure (1908–1988)	1	20 January 1952	8 March 1952	Radical Party
70	Antoine Pinay (1891–1994)	•	8 March 1952	8 January 1953	National Centre of Independents and Peasants
71	René Mayer (1895–1972)	•	8 January 1953	28 June 1953	Radical Party
72	Joseph Laniel (1889–1975)	1	28 June 1953	19 June 1954	National Centre of Independents and Peasants
72	Joseph Laniel (1889–1975)	2	28 June 1953	19 June 1954	National Centre of Independents and Peasants		17	René Coty (1954–1959)
73	Pierre Mendès France (1907–1982)	•	19 June 1954	17 February 1955	Radical Party
69	Edgar Faure (1908–1988)	2	23 February 1955	1 February 1956	Radical Party (Republican Front)
75	Guy Mollet (1905–1975)	•	1 February 1956	13 June 1957	French Section of the Workers' International (Republican Front)	III (1956)
76	Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury (1914–1993)	•	13 June 1957	6 November 1957	Radical Party (Republican Front)
77	Félix Gaillard (1919–1970)	•	6 November 1957	14 May 1958	Radical Party (Republican Front)
78	Pierre Pflimlin (1907–2000)	•	14 May 1958	1 June 1958	Popular Republican Movement
59	Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970)	3	1 June 1958	8 January 1959	Union for the New Republic

Fifth French Republic (1958–present)

This was the first time when the term Prime Minister was used, rather than President of the Council of Ministers, reflecting the new power-sharing with the President of the Republic, who had before then been only head of state but not head of government.

Prime Ministers

Political parties

  Independent
  Gaullist (UNR/UDR/RPR/UMP/LR)
  Centrist (LREM)
  Liberal-centrist (UDF/DL)
  Socialist

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party (Political coalition)	Government	Legislature (Election)	President (Term)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party (Political coalition)	Government	Legislature (Election)	President (Term)
79		Michel Debré (1912–1996)	8 January 1959	14 April 1962	3 years, 96 days	Union for the New Republic	Debré	I (1958)	18	Charles de Gaulle (1959–1969)
80		Georges Pompidou (1911–1974)	14 April 1962	7 December 1962	6 years, 87 days	Union for the New Republic	Pompidou I	I (1958)
			7 December 1962	8 January 1966			Pompidou II	II (1962)
			8 January 1966	1 April 1967			Pompidou III	II (1962)
			5 April 1967	10 July 1968			Pompidou IV	III (1967)
81		Maurice Couve de Murville (1907–1999)	10 July 1968	20 June 1969	345 days	Union of Democrats for the Republic	Couve de Murville	IV (1968)
82		Jacques Chaban-Delmas (1915–2000)	20 June 1969	6 July 1972	3 years, 16 days	Union of Democrats for the Republic	Chaban-Delmas		19	Georges Pompidou (1969–1974)
83		Pierre Messmer (1916–2007)	6 July 1972	5 April 1973	1 year, 325 days	Union of Democrats for the Republic	Messmer I
			5 April 1973	1 March 1974			Messmer II	V (1973)
			1 March 1974	27 May 1974			Messmer III
84		Jacques Chirac (1932–2019)	27 May 1974	26 August 1976	2 years, 91 days	Union of Democrats for the Republic	Chirac I		20	Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974–1981)
85		Raymond Barre (1924–2007)	26 August 1976	29 March 1977	4 years, 268 days	Independent	Barre I
			29 March 1977	31 March 1978		Independent	Barre II
			31 March 1978	21 May 1981		Union for French Democracy	Barre III	VI (1978)
86		Pierre Mauroy (1928–2013)	21 May 1981	23 June 1981	3 years, 57 days	Socialist Party	Mauroy I	VI (1978)	21	François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
			23 June 1981	23 March 1983			Mauroy II	VII (1981)
			23 March 1983	17 July 1984			Mauroy III
87		Laurent Fabius (1946–)	17 July 1984	20 March 1986	1 year, 246 days	Socialist Party	Fabius
(84)		Jacques Chirac (1932–2019)	20 March 1986	10 May 1988	2 years, 51 days	Rally for the Republic	Chirac II	VIII (1986)
88		Michel Rocard (1930–2016)	10 May 1988	22 June 1988	3 years, 5 days	Socialist Party	Rocard I	VIII (1986)
88		Michel Rocard (1930–2016)	23 June 1988	15 May 1991	3 years, 5 days	Socialist Party	Rocard II	IX (1988)
89		Édith Cresson (1934–)	15 May 1991	2 April 1992	323 days	Socialist Party	Cresson
90		Pierre Bérégovoy (1925–1993)	2 April 1992	29 March 1993	361 days	Socialist Party	Bérégovoy
91		Édouard Balladur (1929–)	29 March 1993	17 May 1995	2 years, 49 days	Rally for the Republic	Balladur	X (1993)
92		Alain Juppé (1945–)	18 May 1995	7 November 1995	2 years, 16 days	Rally for the Republic	Juppé I		22	Jacques Chirac (1995–2007)
92		Alain Juppé (1945–)	7 November 1995	3 June 1997	2 years, 16 days	Rally for the Republic	Juppé II
93		Lionel Jospin (1937–)	3 June 1997	6 May 2002	4 years, 337 days	Socialist Party	Jospin	XI (1997)
94		Jean-Pierre Raffarin (1948–)	7 May 2002	17 June 2002	3 years, 24 days	Liberal Democracy then Union for a Popular Movement	Raffarin I	XI (1997)
			17 June 2002	30 March 2004			Raffarin II	XII (2002)
			31 March 2004	31 May 2005			Raffarin III
95		Dominique de Villepin (1953–)	31 May 2005	15 May 2007	1 year, 349 days	Union for a Popular Movement	Villepin
96		François Fillon (1954–)	17 May 2007	18 June 2007	4 years, 361 days	Union for a Popular Movement	Fillon I		23	Nicolas Sarkozy (2007–2012)
			19 June 2007	13 November 2010			Fillon II	XIII (2007)
			14 November 2010	10 May 2012			Fillon III
97		Jean-Marc Ayrault (1950–)	15 May 2012	18 June 2012	1 year, 320 days	Socialist Party	Ayrault I		24	François Hollande (2012–2017)
97		Jean-Marc Ayrault (1950–)	18 June 2012	31 March 2014	1 year, 320 days	Socialist Party	Ayrault II	XIV (2012)
98		Manuel Valls (1962–)	31 March 2014	25 August 2014	2 years, 250 days	Socialist Party	Valls I
98		Manuel Valls (1962–)	25 August 2014	6 December 2016	2 years, 250 days	Socialist Party	Valls II
99		Bernard Cazeneuve (1963–)	6 December 2016	15 May 2017	160 days	Socialist Party	Cazeneuve
100		Édouard Philippe (1970–)	15 May 2017	19 June 2017	3 years, 49 days	The Republicans Then miscellaneous right	Philippe I		25	Emmanuel Macron (2017–)
100		Édouard Philippe (1970–)	19 June 2017	3 July 2020	3 years, 49 days	The Republicans Then miscellaneous right	Philippe II	XV (2017)
101		Jean Castex (1965–)	3 July 2020	Incumbent	220 days	La République En Marche!	Castex	XV (2017)

Timeline since 1959

External links

List on the website of the French Prime Minister (in French)

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Heads of government of France
Restoration	Talleyrand Richelieu Dessolles Decazes Richelieu Villèle Martignac Polignac
July Monarchy	V. de Broglie Laffitte Perier Soult Gérard Maret Mortier V. de Broglie Thiers Molé Soult Thiers Soult Guizot Molé
Second Republic	Dupont de l'Eure Arago Cavaignac Barrot Hautpoul Faucher
Second Empire	Ollivier Cousin-Montauban
Government of National Defense	Trochu
Third Republic	Dufaure A. de Broglie Cissey Buffet Dufaure Simon A. de Broglie Rochebouët Dufaure Waddington Freycinet Ferry Gambetta Freycinet Duclerc Fallières Ferry Brisson Freycinet Goblet Rouvier Floquet Tirard Freycinet Loubet Ribot Dupuy Casimir-Perier Dupuy Ribot Bourgeois Méline Brisson Dupuy Waldeck-Rousseau Combes Rouvier Sarrien Clemenceau Briand Monis Caillaux Poincaré Briand Barthou Doumergue Ribot Viviani Briand Ribot Painlevé Clemenceau Millerand Leygues Briand Poincaré François-Marsal Herriot Painlevé Briand Herriot Poincaré Briand Tardieu Chautemps Tardieu Steeg Laval Tardieu Herriot Paul-Boncour Daladier Sarraut Chautemps Daladier Doumergue Flandin Bouisson Laval Sarraut Blum Chautemps Blum Daladier Reynaud Pétain
Vichy France	Pétain Laval Flandin Darlan Laval
Provisional Government	De Gaulle Gouin Bidault Blum
Fourth Republic	Ramadier Schuman Marie Schuman Queuille Bidault Queuille Pleven Queuille Pleven Faure Pinay Mayer Laniel Mendès France Faure Mollet Bourgès-Maunoury Gaillard Pflimlin De Gaulle
Fifth Republic	De Gaulle Debré Pompidou Couve de Murville Chaban-Delmas Messmer Chirac Barre Mauroy Fabius Chirac Rocard Cresson Bérégovoy Balladur Juppé Jospin Raffarin Villepin Fillon Ayrault Valls Cazeneuve Philippe Castex

List of prime ministers of France

Kingdom of France (843–1792)

First French Republic (1792–1804)

First French Empire (1804–1814)

First Restoration (1814–1815)

Hundred Days (1815)

Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

July Monarchy (1830–1848)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Second French Republic (1848–1852)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Second French Empire (1852–1870)

Cabinet Chiefs

Third French Republic (1870–1940)

President of the Government of National Defense

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

French State (1940–1944)

Vice-Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946)

Chairmen of the Provisional Government

Fourth French Republic (1946–1958)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Fifth French Republic (1958–present)

Prime Ministers

Timeline since 1959

See also

External links