1994 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1994.

List of years in paleontology (table)
In science
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

Plants

Conifers

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Diploporus[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

Fossil Yew Genus, type species D. torreyoides

Taxus masonii[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

Fossil Yew species

Torreya clarnensis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

Fossil nutmeg yew species

Angiosperms

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Actinidia oregonensis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A Kiwi species

Alangium eydei[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A dogwood species

Alangium rotundicarpum[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A dogwood species

Anamirta leiocarpa[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed species

Anonaspermum bonesii[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A custard apple relative

Anonaspermum rotundum[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A custard apple relative

Atriaecarpum clarnense[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed species

Bursericarpum oregonense[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A torchwood family species

Calycocarpum crassicrustae[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed species

Castanopsis crepetii[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A chinkapin species

Comicilabium[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

An icacinaceous relative.
type species C. atkinsii.

Cornus clarnensis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A dogwood species

Coryloides[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A hazelnut relative, Type species C. hancockii

Curvitinospora[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed relative.
Type species C. formanii

Davisicarpum limacioides[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed species.

Deviacer[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A milkwort genus.[3]
Type species D. wolfei

Diploclisia auriformis[2]

Comb nov

jr synonym

(Hollick) Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed species.
A new comb for Carpolithes auriformis
Moved to Stephania auriformis in 2018[4]

Emmenopterys dilcheri[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A rubiaceous species.

Eohypserpa scottii[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed species.

Eucommia constans[5]

Sp nov

valid

Magallón-Puebl
& Cevallos-Ferriz

Miocene - Pleistocene

Pié de Vaca Formation

 Mexico

Youngest Eucommia sp. in North America.

Fortunearites[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A witch-hazel relative, type species F. endressii

Hydrangea knowltonii[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A Hydrangea species.

lodes chandlerae[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

An icacinaceous species.

Iodicarpa[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

An icacinaceous relative.
type species I. parvum, includes I. lenticularis

Kardiasperma[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A hazelnut relative, type species K. parvum

Lindera clarnensis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A spicebush

Laurocalyx wheelerae[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A laural relative

Laurocarpum hancockii[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A laural relative

Laurocarpum nutbedensis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A laural relative

Laurocarpum raisinoides[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A laural relative

Magnolia muldoonae[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A Magnolia species

Magnolia paroblonga[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A Magnolia species

Magnolia tiffneyi[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A Magnolia species

Mastixicarpum occidentale[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A Tupelo relative

Meliosma beusekomii[2]

sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A sabiaceous species.

Meliosma bonesii[2]

sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A sabiaceous species.

Meliosma elongicarpa[2]

sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A sabiaceous species.

Meliosma leptocarpa[2]

sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A sabiaceous species.

Nyssa scottii[2]

sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A Tupelo relative

Nyssa spatulata[2]

Comb nov

valid

(Scott) Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A Tupelo, new comb for Palaeonyssa spatulata Scott, 1954

Palaeoallophylus gordonii[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A soapberry species.

Palaeoallophylus gordonii[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A soapberry species.

Paleopanax[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A ginseng genus, type species P. oregonensis

Paleoplatycarya? hickeyi[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A Platycarya relative species.

Pentoperculum[2]

Gen et comb nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

London Clay

 UK
 England

A Sumac relative.
A new genus for Dracontomelon minimus (Reid & Chandler, 1933)

Platanus hirticarpa[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A platanaceous Infructescence species.

Prunus olsonii[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

An cherry/plum species.

Prunus weinsteinii[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

An cherry/plum species.

Pyrenacantha occidentalis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

An icacinaceous species.

Rhus rooseae[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A Sumac species

Sabia prefoetida[2]

Comb nov

valid

(Becker) Manchester

Late Eocene

Ruby flora

 USA
 Montana

A sabiaceous species.
Moved from Symplocarpus prefoetidus Becker 1969

Bumelia? globosa[2]

Sp nov

jr synonym

(Manchester) Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A lardizabalaceous species;
Moved to Sargentodoxa globosa in 1999[6]

Saxifragispermum tetragonalis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A willow relative

Tanyoplatanus[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A platanaceous Infructescence genus.
Type species T. cranei.

'Tinomiscoidea occidentalis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed species

'Tinospora elongata[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed species

Thanikaimonia[2]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed genus.
Type species T. geniculata.

'Tinospora hardmanae[2]

Sp nov

valid

Manchester

Middle Eocene

Clarno Formation

 USA
 Oregon

A moonseed species

Arthropods

Newly named insects

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Acanthognathus poinari[7]

Sp nov

Valid

Baroni Urbani & De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

first fossil Acanthognathus species

Aeshna andancensis[8]

Sp nov

Valid

Nel & Brisac

Turolian

Montagne d'Andance

 France

An Aeshna dragonfly

Aeshna andancensis

Aeshna cerdanica[8]

Sp nov

Valid

Nel & Martínez-Delclòs

Vallesian

Bellver de Cerdanya

 Spain

An Aeshna dragonfly

Aeshna cerdanica

Aeschnophlebia miocenica[8]

Sp nov

Valid

Nel & Escuillé

Turolian

Montagne d'Andance

 France

An Aeschnophlebia dragonfly

Aeschnophlebia miocenica

Anochetus ambiguus[9]

Sp nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A ponerin ant

Anochetus conisquamis[9]

Sp nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A ponerin ant

Anochetus dubius[9]

Sp nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A ponerin ant

Anochetus exstinctus[9]

Sp nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A ponerin ant

Anochetus intermedius[9]

Sp nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A ponerin ant

Anochetus lucidus[9]

Sp nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A ponerin ant

Calopteryx andancensis

Sp nov

Valid

Nel & Brisac

Turolian[8]

Montagne d'Andance

 France

A Calopteryx damselfly

Calopteryx andancensis

Dlusskyidris[10]

Gen et comb nov.

Valid

Bolton

Santonian

Taimyr amber

 Russia

A Sphecomyrminae ant.
a new genus for Palaeomyrmex zherichini Dlussky 1975.

Forficula paleoligura[11]

Sp nov

Valid

Nel, Albouy, Caussanel, & Jamet

Oligocene

 France

An earwig

Forficula paleoligura

Odontomachus pseudobauri[9]

Sp nov.

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican Amber

 Dominican Republic

A myrmicin ant

Odontomachus spinifer[9]

Sp nov.

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican Amber

 Dominican Republic

A myrmicin ant

Protoaristenymphes[12]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Nel & Henrotay

Toarcian

 Luxembourg

A Mesochrysopid lacewing, type species P. bascharagensis

Protoaristenymphes bascharagensis

Sympecma incerta[13]

Comb. nov

Valid

Piton

Piacenzian

Lake Chambon

 France

A Lestid damselfly,
new combination for Lestes incertus

Sympecma incerta

Molluscs

Bivalves

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Fordilla germanica[14]

sp nov

Valid

Elicki

Early Cambrian

Zwetau Formation

 Germany

early Cambrian bivalve species

Fishes

Newly named bony fishes

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Megalocoelacanthus[15]

Gen. et sp. nov

valid

Schwimmer, Stewart & Williams

late Santonian to mid-Campanian

Blufftown Formation
Niobrara Formation

 United States

A latimeriid coelacanth.[16]
The type species is M. dobiei.

Archosauromorphs

Newly named pseudosuchians

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Galtonia[20]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Hunt & Lucas

Late Triassic (late Carnian)

New Oxford Formation

 United States

A relative of Revueltosaurus.

Pekinosaurus[20]

Gen et sp nov

Junior synonym

Hunt & Lucas

Late Triassic (late Carnian)

Cumnock Formation

 United States

A junior synonym of Revueltosaurus.

Newly named basal dinosauromorphs

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Marasuchus[21]

Gen et comb nov

Valid

Sereno & Arcucci

Middle Triassic (Ladinian)

Chañares Formation

 Argentina

A basal dinosauriform;
new genus for "Lagosuchus" liloensis Romer (1972).

Marasuchus liloenisis

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[22]

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Afrovenator[23]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Sereno, Wilson, Larsson, Dutheil, & Sues

Tiourarén Formation

 Niger

Alwalkeria[24]

Gen et comb nov

Valid

Chatterjee & Creisler

Maleri Formation

 India

Alxasaurus[25]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Russell & Dong

 Mongolia

Amphicoelicaudia

nomen nudum

Cheng

 China

described as Huabeisaurus allocotus in 2000

Caenagnathasia[26]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Currie, Godfrey, & Nesov

Turonian - Coniacian

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

Cryolophosaurus[27]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Hammer & Hickerson

Pliensbachian

Hanson Formation

 Antarctica

Koparion[28]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Chure

Kimmeridgian

Morrison Formation

 USA ( Utah)

Monolophosaurus[29]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Zhao & Currie

Bathonian - Callovian

Shishugou Formation

 China

Mymoorapelta[30]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Kirkland & Carpenter

Kimmeridgian - Tithonian

Morrison Formation

 USA ( Colorado)

Pelecanimimus[31]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Perez-Moreno, Sanz, Buscalioni,
Moratalla, Ortega, & Rasskin-Gutman

Barremian

Calizas de La Huérguina Formation

 Spain

Phuwiangosaurus[32]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Martin, Buffetaut, & Suteethorn

Valanginian - Hauterivian

Sao Khua Formation

 Thailand

Sinornithoides[33]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Russell & Dong

Aptian - Albian

Ejinhoro Formation

 China

Sinraptor[34]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Currie & Zhao

Late Jurassic

Shishugou Formation

 China

Timimus[35]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Rich & Vickers-Rich

Albian

Eumeralla Formation

 Australia

“Tonouchisaurus”

nomen nudum

Barsbold

early Cretaceous

 Mongolia

Yingshanosaurus[36]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Zhou

Kimmeridgian

Shaximiao Formation

 China

Newly named birds

Name Status Novelty Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Berruornis [37]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Mourer-Chauviré

Late Paleocene

 France

Type species B. orbisantiqui

Bubo osvaldoi [38]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Oscar Arredondo

Storrs L. Olson

Quaternary,

probably Pleistocene

Cave deposits

 Cuba

A Strigidae.

Falco duboisi [39]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Graham S. Cowles

Holocene

Cave deposits

 Réunion

A Falconidae.

Mascarenachen kervazoi [39]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Graham S. Cowles

Holocene

Réunion

 Réunion

An Anatidae, type species M. kervazoi;
The species was transferred Alopochen in 1999.

Mascarenotus grucheti [40]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Roger Bour

François Moutou

Sonia Ribes

Holocene

Réunion

 Réunion

A Strigidae.

Messelastur gratulator [41]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Dieter S. Peters

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MN 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Psittaciformes, Messelasturidae G. Mayr, 2005, this is the type species of the new genus.

Microcarbo serventyorum [42]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Gerard F. van Tets

Holocene

Peat Swamp near Mining Lease

 Australia:

 Western Australia

A Phalacrocoracidae.

Neuquenornis volans [43]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Luis M. Chiappe

Jorge O. Calvo

Late Cretaceous

Santonian-Coniacian, Rio Colorado Formation

 Argentina

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985, this is the type species of the new genus.

Nycticorax borbonensis [39]

Not valid

Sp. nov.

Graham S. Cowles

Holocene

Réunion

 Réunion

An Ardeidae, this is a junior synonym of Nycticorax duboisi (Rothschild, 1907).

Otogornis genghisi [44]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Hou Lianhai

Early Cretaceous

Inner Mongolia

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longirostravidae Zhou, 2006, this is the type species of the new genus.

Presbyornis isoni [45]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Late Paleocene

Aquia Formation

An Anseriformes, Presbyornithidae Wetmore, 1926.

Puffinus spelaeus [46]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Richard N. Holdaway

Trevor H. Worthy

Late Quaternary

Cave Deposits,

South Island

A Procellariidae.

Stephanoaetus mahery [47]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Steven M. Goodman

Holocene. (Subrecent)

Madagascar

An Accipitridae.

Wanshuina lii [48]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Hou Lianhai

Paleocene

Doumu Formation

A Rallidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Plesiosaurs

  • Plesiosaur gastroliths documented.[49]

New taxa

Name Status Authors Notes

Morturneria

Valid

Chatterjee Creisler

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Arthurdactylus

Valid

Frey Martill

Early Cretaceous (late Aptian/early Albian)

Crato Formation

 Brazil

A pteranodontoid pterosaur.

Montanazhdarcho[50]

Valid

Padian, K., Horner de Ricqlès, A.J.

Late Cretaceous (Judithian)

Two Medicine Formation

 United States

An azhdarchid from Montana.

"Wyomingopteryx"

nomen nudum

Bakker

Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)

Morrison Formation

 United States

Zhejiangopterus

Valid

Cai, Z. Wei, F.

Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)

Tangshang Formation

 China

A Chinese azhdarchid.

Other diapsids

New taxa

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes
Lucianosaurus[20] Valid Non-Dinosaurian Taxon
  • Hunt
  • S. G. Lucas

Late Triassic (Norian)

Bull Canyon Formation

 United States

Tecovasaurus[20] Valid Non-Dinosaurian Taxon
  • Hunt
  • S. G. Lucas

Late Triassic (late Carnian)

Tecovas Formation

 United States

Footnotes

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. Manchester, S.R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana. 58: 30–31.
  3. Myers, J.; Erwin, D. (2015). "Deviacer pidemarmanii sp. nov. (Polygalaceae) from the Late Eocene–Early Oligocene Badger's Nose Paleoflora, Modoc County, California". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 176 (3): 259–268. doi:10.1086/679759.
  4. Han, M.; Manchester, S. R.; Fu, Q.-Y.; Jin, J.-H.; Quan (2018). "Paleogene fossil fruits of Stephania (Menispermaceae) from North America and East Asia". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 56 (2): 81–91. doi:10.1111/jse.12288. Unknown parameter |First5= ignored (|first5= suggested) (help)
  5. Call, V.B.; Dilcher, D.L. (1997). "The fossil record of Eucommia (Eucommiaceae) in North America" (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 84 (6): 798–814. doi:10.2307/2445816. JSTOR 2445816. PMID 21708632.
  6. Manchester, S. R. (1999). "Biogeographical relationships of North American tertiary floras". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 86: 472–522.
  7. Baroni Urbani, C.; De Andrade, M. L. (1994). "First description of fossil Dacetini ants with a critical analysis of the current classification of the tribe (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VI: Dacetini)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 198: 1–65.
  8. Nel, A.; Martinez-Delclòs, X.; Escuillé, F; Brisac, P. (1994). "Names; Les Aeshnidae fossiles: Etat actuel des connaissances (Odonata, Anisoptera)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 194 (2/3): 143–186.
  9. De Andrade, M. L. (1994). "Fossil Odontomachiti Ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 199: 1–28.
  10. Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. (1997). "New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships". American Museum Novitates. 3208: 1–43.
  11. Nel, A.; Albouy, V.; Caussanel, C; Jamet, C. (1994). "Réflexion paléo-entomologique sur la systématique des Dermaptères. Quatre nouveaux forficules fossiles de l'Oligocène de Provence (France)". Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France. 99: 253–266.
  12. Nel, A; Henrotay, M. (1994). "Les Chrysopidae Mésozoïques. État actuel des connaissances. Description d'un nouveau genre et nouvelle espèce dans le Jurassique inférieur (Lias) (Insecta: Neuroptera)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 30: 295–318.
  13. Nel, A.; Paicheler, J.-C. (1994). "Les Lestoidea (Odonata, Zygoptera) fossiles : un inventaire critique". Annales de Paléontologie. 80 (1): 1–59.
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References

  • Calvo, J.O. (1994). Gastroliths in sauropod dinosaurs. Gaia, 10: 205–208.
  • Martin, James E.; 1994; Gastric residues in marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale in South Dakota; their bearing on extinction; Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology; 14(3, Suppl.) pp. 36; University of Oklahoma
  • Pasch, A. D., K. C. May. 2001. Taphonomy and paleoenvironment of hadrosaur (Dinosauria) from the Matanuska Formation (Turonian) in South-Central Alaska. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Ed.s Tanke, D. H., Carpenter, K., Skrepnick, M. W. Indiana University Press. Pages 219–236.
  • Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.
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