2019 Indian general election in Kerala

The 2019 Indian general election was held in Kerala on 23 April 2019 to constitute the 17th Lok Sabha.[3]

2019 Indian general election
23 April 2019
20 seats
Turnout77.84% (3.82%)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Rahul Gandhi P. K. Kunhalikutty Thomas Chazhikadan
Party INC IUML KC(M)
Alliance UDF UDF UDF
Leader's seat Wayanad Malappuram Kottayam
Last election 8 2 1
Seats won 15 2 1
Seat change 7
Percentage 37.46% 5.48% [1] 2.08% [2]
Swing 5.8% 0.86% 0.32%
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader A.M. Ariff N. K. Premachandran Rajaji Mathew Thomas
Party CPI (M) RSP CPI
Alliance LDF UDF LDF
Leader's seat Alappuzha Kollam Thrissur (Lost)
Last election 5 1 1
Seats won 1 1 0
Seat change 4 1
Percentage 25.97%[2] 2.46%[2] 6.08%[2]
Swing 3.99% 0.2% 1.95%
  Seventh party Eighth party
 
Leader Kummanam Rajasekharan Thushar Vellapally
Party BJP BDJS
Alliance NDA NDA
Leader's seat Thiruvananthapuram (Lost) Wayanad (Lost)
Last election 0 0
Seats won 0 0
Seat change
Percentage 13.00%[2] 1.88%
Swing 2.67% 1.88%

Alliances and parties

The key alliances that fought for representation of Lok Sabha seats in Kerala are the UDF which is the Kerala state legislative alliance aligned with the UPA at the national level and the LDF comprising primarily the CPI(M) and the CPI.[4][5] National Democratic Alliance (NDA), which had not won any seat in the state, placed candidates in all constituencies. A new force in the election is the Left United Front.[6]

United Democratic Front
Further information: List of United Democratic Front candidates for Indian general election, 2019 in Kerala
No. Party Election Symbol Seats Contested
1.Indian National Congress16
2.Indian Union Muslim League2
3.Kerala Congress (M)1
4.Revolutionary Socialist Party1

Left Democratic Front
No. Party Election Symbol Seats Contested
1.Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Key
14
2.Communist Party of India
Star
4
3.Independents
(supported by CPI(M))		2

National Democratic Alliance
No.
 Party Election Symbol Seats Contested
1.Bharatiya Janata Party15
2.Bharath Dharma Jana Sena4
3.Kerala Congress (Thomas)1

Parties not in any Coalition
No.
 Party Election Symbol Seats Contested
1. Bahujan Samaj Party 16
2. Social Democratic Party of India 10
3. Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) 9
4. Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Star 4
5. Ambedkarite Party of India 3
6. Peoples Democratic Party 2
7. Secular Democratic Congress 2
8. Marxist Communist Party of India (United) 1
9. Pravasi Nivasi Party 1
10. Indian Gandhiyan Party 1
11. Rashtriya Samaj Paksha 1
12. Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi 1
13. Samajwadi Forward Bloc Party 1
14. National Labour Party 1
15. Akhila India Makkal Kazhagam 1

Aam Admi Party, who had contested in the 2014 elections decided not to contest this election so as to not split anti-BJP votes.[7]

Opinion Polls

Seat Projection
Date published Polling agency Lead
UDF LDF NDA
Apr 2019 AZ Research - Asianet 13 6 1 7
Apr 2019 CSDS-Lokniti-Hindu 5-13 6-14 0-2 1-9
Apr 2019 AC Nielsen - Mathrubhumi 14 5 1 9
Apr 2019 Times Now - VMR 17 2 1 15
Apr 2019 Republic TV - CVoter 17 3 0 16
Apr 2019 Manorama - Karvy 13-15 4-5 0-1 9-12
Mar 2019 CVoter - IANS 17 2 1 12
Feb 2019 AZ Research - Asianet 14-16 4-6 0 10-13
Jan 2019 Spick Media 13 5 2 9
Jan 2019 Republic TV - CVoter 16 4 0 16
Oct 2018 ABP News - CSDS 16 4 0 13
Sep 2018 Spick Media 12 7 1 16

Vote Percentage Prediction
Date published Polling agency Lead
UDF LDF NDA
Apr 2019 CSDS-Lokniti-Hindu 34% 38% 18% 4%
Apr 2019 A C Nielsen - Mathrubhumi 41% 37% 16% 4%
Apr 2019 Times Now - VMR 46.97% 28.11% 20.85% 18.86%
Apr 2019 Republic TV - CVoter 40.7% 23.3% 23.2% 17.4%
Apr 2019 Manorama - Karvy 43% 38% 13% 5%
Jan 2019 Republic TV - CVoter 42.4% 37.4% 15.3% 10.8%
May 2019 Axis My India 48% 36% 13% 12%

Constituency Wise Prediction
Manorama - Karvy Mathrubhumi - AC Nielsen AZ Research - Asianet
Constituencies
UDF LDF NDA UDF LDF NDA UDF LDF NDA
Kasaragod 43% 35% 19% 43% 35% 21% 33% 34% 17%
Kannur 49% 38% 9% 47% 44% 5% 39% 38% 17%
Vatakara 43% 44% 8% 41% 43% 12% 45% 38% 13%
Wayanad 43% 38% 9% 42% 34% 13% 45% 39% 16%
Kozhikode 42% 38% 14% 39% 42% 14% 44% 36% 16%
Malappuram 44% 36% 10% 48% 39% 8% 52% 29% 15%
Ponnani 55% 22% 15% 45% 39% 10% 46% 36% 16%
Palakkad 27% 51% 17% 30% 34% 31% 35% 37% 28%
Alathur (SC) 45% 38% 13% 37% 44% 16% 39% 41% 17%
Thrissur 41% 37% 16% 39% 36% 16% 36% 32% 26%
Chalakudy 40% 39% 13% 39% 37% 14% 36% 38% 19%
Ernakulam 41% 33% 11% 45% 34% 15% 43% 32% 20%
Idukki 44% 39% 9% 42% 36% 16% 37% 38% 14%
Kottayam 49% 39% 2% 47% 36% 9% 50% 31% 14%
Alappuzha 44% 47% 4% 47% 35% 9% 45% 37% 13%
Mavelikkara (SC) 45% 44% 8% 44% 35% 18% 46% 33% 18%
Pathanamthitta 42% 33% 21% 32% 29% 31% 36% 20% 35%
Kollam 48% 41% 7% 47% 39% 8% 44% 32% 16%
Attingal 38% 44% 13% 38% 46% 10% 35% 36% 17%
Thiruvananthapuram 35% 25% 36% 33% 23% 40% 34% 25% 40%

Constituency-wise Candidates
Main article: List of candidates for the 2019 Indian general election in Kerala
No. Constituency Candidates
UPA

  INC (16)   IUML (2)

  RSP (1)   KC(M) (1)

 LDF

  CPI(M) (14)   CPI (4)

  Independent (2)

 NDA

  BJP (15)

  BDJS (4)   KC(T) (1)

1 Kasaragod Rajmohan Unnithan   INC K. P. Satheesh Chandran   CPI(M) Raveesh Thanthri Kuntar   BJP
2 Kannur K. Sudhakaran   INC P. K. Sreemathy   CPI(M) C. K. Padmanabhan   BJP
3 Vatakara K. Muraleedharan   INC P. Jayarajan   CPI(M) V. K. Sajeevan   BJP
4 Wayanad Rahul Gandhi   INC P. P. Suneer   CPI Thushar Vellapally   BDJS
5 Kozhikode M. K. Raghavan   INC A. Pradeepkumar   CPI(M) K. P. Prakash Babu   BJP
6 Malappuram P. K. Kunhalikutty   IUML V. P. Sanu   CPI(M) Unnikrishnan Master   BJP
7 Ponnani E. T. Mohammed Basheer   IUML P. V. Anvar   Independent V. T. Rema   BJP
8 Palakkad V.K Sreekandan   INC M. B. Rajesh   CPI(M) C. Krishnakumar   BJP
9 Alathur (SC) Remya Haridas   INC P. K. Biju   CPI(M) T. V. Babu   BDJS
10 Thrissur T. N. Prathapan   INC Rajaji Mathew Thomas   CPI Suresh Gopi   BJP
11 Chalakudy Benny Behanan   INC Innocent Vareed Thekkethala   CPI(M) A. N. Radhakrishnan   BJP
12 Ernakulam Hibi Eden   INC P. Rajeev   CPI(M) Alphons Kannanthanam   BJP
13 Idukki Dean Kuriakose   INC Joice George   Independent Biju Krishnan   BDJS
14 Kottayam Thomas Chalikkadan   KC(M) V. N. Vasavan   CPI(M) P. C. Thomas   KC(T)
15 Alappuzha Shanimol Usman   INC A. M. Ariff   CPI(M) K. S. Radhakrishnan   BJP
16 Mavelikkara (SC) Kodikunnil Suresh   INC Chittayam Gopakumar   CPI Thazhava Sahadevan   BDJS
17 Pathanamthitta Anto Antony   INC Veena George   CPI(M) K. Surendran   BJP
18 Kollam N. K. Premachandran   RSP K. N. Balagopal   CPI(M) K. V. Sabu   BJP
19 Attingal Adoor Prakash   INC A. Sampath   CPI(M) Shobha Surendran   BJP
20 Thiruvananthapuram Shashi Tharoor   INC C. Divakaran   CPI Kummanam Rajasekharan   BJP

Bogus votes detection and re-polling

The Election Commission of India ordered to conduct re-polling on 19 May 2019 in 3 booths in Kasaragod and one in Kannur constituencies after confirming bogus votes.[8][9]

Results

By party
15 2 1 1 1
INC IUML CPI(M) KC(M) RSP
Party INC IUML CPI(M) KC(M) RSP
Leader Rahul Gandhi P. K. Kunhalikutty Pinarayi Vijayan Jose K. Mani N. K. Premachandran
Votes 37.46%, 7,596,610 5.48%, 1,111,697 25.97%, 52,66,510 2.08%, 4,21,046 2.46%, 4,99,677
Seats 15 (75.00%) 2 (10.00%) 1 (5.00%) 1 (5.00%) 1 (5.00%)
15 / 20
2 / 20
1 / 20
1 / 20
1 / 20

By alliance
AllianceSeats ContestedSeats WonSeat ChangeTotal Votes Vote %Swing
  UDF 20197 96,29,030 47.485.37
  LDF 2017 71,56,387 36.292.92
  NDA 200 31,71,792 15.642.78

Constituency-wise Result
No. Constituency UDF Votes LDF Votes NDA Votes Elected Member Party Margin
1 Kasaragod 4,74,961 434,523 1,76,049 Rajmohan Unnithan   INC 40,438
2 Kannur 5,29,741 4,35,182 68,509 K. Sudhakaran   INC 94,559
3 Vatakara 5,26,755 4,42,092 80,128 K. Muraleedharan   INC 84,663
4 Wayanad 7,06,367 2,74,597 78,816 Rahul Gandhi   INC 4,31,770
5 Kozhikode 4,93,444 4,08,219 1,61,216 M. K. Raghavan   INC 85,225
6 Malappuram 5,89,873 3,29,720 82,332 P. K. Kunhalikutty   IUML 2,60,153
7 Ponnani 5,21,824 3,28,551 1,10,603 E. T. Mohammed Basheer   IUML 1,93,273
8 Palakkad 3,99,274 3,87,637 2,18,556 V. K. Sreekandan   INC 11,637
9 Alathur (SC) 5,33,815 3,74,847 89,837 Ramya Haridas   INC 1,58,968
10 Thrissur 4,15,089 3,21,456 2,93,822 T. N. Prathapan   INC 93,633
11 Chalakudy 4,73,444 3,41,170 1,54,159 Benny Behanan   INC 1,32,274
12 Ernakulam 4,91,263 3,22,110 1,37,749 Hibi Eden   INC 1,69,153
13 Idukki 4,98,493 3,27,440 78,648 Dean Kuriakose   INC 1,71,053
14 Kottayam 4,21,046 3,14,787 1,55,135 Thomas Chazhikadan   KC(M) 1,06,259
15 Alappuzha 4,35,496 4,45,970 1,87,729 A. M. Ariff   CPI(M) 10,474
16 Mavelikkara (SC) 4,40,415 3,79,277 1,33,546 Kodikunnil Suresh   INC 61,138
17 Pathanamthitta 3,80,927 3,36,684 2,97,396 Anto Antony   INC 44,243
18 Kollam 4,99,677 3,50,821 1,03,339 N. K. Premachandran   RSP 1,48,856
19 Attingal 3,80,995 3,42,748 2,48,081 Adoor Prakash   INC 38,247
20 Thiruvananthapuram 4,16,131 2,58,556 3,16,142 Shashi Tharoor   INC 99,989

Results
Party Votes secured Percentage of
total votes (in %)		 Assembly segments Position in Assembly (as of 2016 election)
Indian National Congress 75,96,610 37.46 96 22
Communist Party of India (Marxist) 52,66,510 25.97 16 58
Indian Union Muslim League 11,11,697 5.48 14 18
Kerala Congress (M) 4,21,046 2.08 6 6
Revolutionary Socialist Party 4,99,677 2.46 7  –
Bharatiya Janata Party 26,35,810 13.00 1 1
Communist Party of India 12,33,886 6.08  – 19
Bharath Dharma Jana Sena 3,80,847 1.88  –  –
Kerala Congress (Thomas) 1,55,135 0.76  –  –
Others  – 11
Total 140

[10]

Votes by State Legislative Assembly constituencies

According to the ECI, the details of the valid votes polled in the state legislative assembly constituencies of Kerala are as follows:[11]

Alliance assembly segments.
UDF
 
 123
LDF
 
 16
NDA
 
 1
Total assembly lead out of 140.
Alliance assembly segments
UDF
 
 16
LDF
 
 117
NDA
 
 7
Second position in the assembly segments (out of 140).
No.ConstituencyAssembly SegmentUDFLDFNDALeadRunner-upMargin
1KasaragodManjeshwaram682173279657104UDFNDA11113
2Kasaragod697902856746630UDFNDA23160
3Udma723246338723786UDFLDF8937
4Kanhangad725707479120046LDFUDF2221
5Thrikaripur74504764038652LDFUDF1899
6Payyanur56730828619268LDFUDF26131
7Kalliasseri59848735429854LDFUDF13694
8KannurTaliparamba81444807198659UDFLDF725
9Irikkur90221529017289UDFLDF37320
10Azhikode730755121811728UDFLDF21857
11Kannur70683472609740UDFLDF23423
12Dharmadom70631747308538LDFUDF4099
13Mattanur670927458011612LDFUDF7488
14Peravoor745395087410054UDFLDF23665
15VatakaraThalassery539326540113456LDFUDF11469
16Kuthuparamba684926435915303UDFLDF4133
17Vatakara71162481999469UDFLDF22963
18Kuttiadi83628657367851UDFLDF17892
19Nadapuram87061694658408UDFLDF17596
20Koyilandy798005875516588UDFLDF21045
21Perambra80929677258505UDFLDF13204
22WayanadMananthavady932373860613916UDFLDF54631
23Sulthan Bathery1106974023217602UDFLDF70465
24Kalpetta1012293747514122UDFLDF63754
25Thiruvambady91152366817767UDFLDF54471
26Eranad92909363826133UDFLDF56527
27Nilambur1038624220210749UDFLDF61660
28Wandoor111948423938301UDFLDF69555
29KozhikodeBalussery830597331418836UDFLDF9745
30Elathur672806717724649UDFLDF103
31Kozhikode North542464968828665UDFLDF4558
32Kozhikode South546084087720173UDFLDF13731
33Beypore694025897925697UDFLDF10423
34Kunnamangalam815517025930650UDFLDF11292
35Koduvally816894578111682UDFLDF35908
36MalappuramKondotty875614824813832UDFLDF39313
37Manjeri855794953111595UDFLDF36048
38Perinthalmanna79867568299851UDFLDF23038
39Mankada851934992810160UDFLDF35265
40Malappuram94704497287343UDFLDF44976
41Vengara82388305007504UDFLDF51888
42Vallikunnu738614433921802UDFLDF29522
43PonnaniTirurangadi854283844410663UDFLDF46984
44Tanur752104304414791UDFLDF32166
45Tirur907344934911365UDFLDF41385
46Kottakkal877954559613506UDFLDF42199
47Thavanur624815012820769UDFLDF12353
48Ponnani612945155517498UDFLDF9739
49Thrithala584965009221838UDFLDF8404
50PalakkadPattambi676445046520716UDFLDF17179
51Shornur498106090232308LDFUDF11092
52Ottapalam543866084635683LDFUDF6460
53Kongad524565281229104LDFUDF356
54Mannarkkad782504862518560UDFLDF29625
55Malampuzha477436903741413LDFUDF21294
56Palakkad484254408639963UDFLDF4339
57AlathurTarur72441476028601UDFLDF24839
58Chittur79423559569885UDFLDF23467
59Nenmara825395231812345UDFLDF30221
60Alathur73120504076959UDFLDF22713
61Chelakkara760345233917133UDFLDF23695
62Kunnamkulam699085558617228UDFLDF14322
63Wadakkanchery 790285948817424UDFLDF19540
64ThrissurGuruvayur 651604469533967UDFLDF20465
65Manalur 634205048244765UDFLDF12938
66Ollur 634064737239594UDFLDF16034
67Thrissur 556683111037641UDFNDA18027
68Nattika 525585013148171UDFLDF2427
69Irinjalakuda 574814609142857UDFLDF11390
70Puthukkad 568485100646410UDFLDF5842
71ChalakudyKaipamangalam 512125115424420UDFLDF58
72Chalakudy 695364882723433UDFLDF20709
73Kodungallur 610854935529732UDFLDF11730
74Perumbavoor 695264690322954UDFLDF22623
75Angamaly 724964469613863UDFLDF27800
76Aluva763184421521951UDFLDF32103
77Kunnathunad 727625543117581UDFLDF17331
78ErnakulamKalamassery 737455305621026UDFLDF20689
79Paravur 710255694023035UDFLDF14085
80Vypen 680474480614940UDFLDF23241
81Kochi 712704195714747UDFLDF29313
82Thripunithura 716315240425304UDFLDF19227
83Ernakulam 619203074217769UDFLDF31178
84Thrikkakara 732164143920710UDFLDF31777
85IdukkiMuvattupuzha 787994626012867UDFLDF32539
86Kothamangalam 679424734612092UDFLDF20596
87Devikulam 66748427127498UDFLDF24036
88Udumbanchola 635505105610863UDFLDF12494
89Thodupuzha 793424231915223UDFLDF37023
90Idukki 712185029010891UDFLDF20928
91Peerumade 70098467189070UDFLDF23380
92KottayamPiravom 661925708822772UDFLDF9104
93Pala 669713349926533UDFLDF33472
94Kaduthuruthy 658773917020895UDFLDF26707
95Vaikom 472565647621871LDFUDF9220
96Ettumanoor 553564691120112UDFLDF8445
97Kottayam 548314086421564UDFLDF13967
98Puthuppally 638113948420911UDFLDF24327
99AlappuzhaAroor 656566500825250UDFLDF648
100Cherthala 663268322122655LDFUDF16895
101Alappuzha 658286575921303UDFLDF69
102Ambalapuzha 531595252125061UDFLDF638
103Haripad 614455560126238UDFLDF5844
104Kayamkulam 580736237031660LDFUDF4297
105Karunagappally 633035852334111UDFLDF4780
106MavelikaraChanganassery 643684095813884UDFLDF23410
107Kuttanad 552535263014476UDFLDF2623
108Mavelikara 603925942323387UDFLDF969
109Chengannur 612425140324854UDFLDF9839
110Kunnathur 695006232721136UDFLDF7173
111Kottarakkara 629986024419091UDFLDF2754
112Pathanapuram 642444951215495UDFLDF14732
113PathanamthittaKanjirappally 553304558736628UDFLDF9743
114Poonjar 615304360130990UDFLDF17929
115Thiruvalla 542505051140186UDFLDF3739
116Ranni 507554293139560UDFLDF7824
117Aranmula 592775268450497UDFLDF6593
118Konni 496674694646506UDFLDF2721
119Adoor 492805321651260LDFNDA1956
120KollamChavara 745624699411655UDFLDF27568
121Punalur 736225495616168UDFLDF18666
122Chadayamangalam 703875615515820UDFLDF14232
123Kundara 792175490814696UDFLDF24309
124Kollam 687484420312871UDFLDF24545
125Eravipuram 675824416211488UDFLDF23420
126Chathannur 631464611419621UDFLDF17032
127AttingalVarkala 480194233534343UDFLDF5684
128Attingal 500454849242389UDFLDF1553
129Chirayinkeezhu 563144775032829UDFLDF8564
130Nedumangad 545065526536417LDFUDF759
131Vamanapuram 596715023129681UDFLDF9440
132Aruvikkara 589525040330151UDFLDF8549
133Kattakkada 519624582240692UDFLDF6140
134ThiruvananthapuramKazhakkoottam 469643768845479UDFNDA1485
135Vattiyoorkavu 535452941450709UDFNDA2836
136Thiruvananthapuram 570772753042877UDFNDA14200
137Nemom 464723392158513NDAUDF12041
138Parassala 699444794242887UDFLDF22002
139Kovalam 732214205041092UDFLDF31171
140Neyyattinkara 668343792532368UDFLDF28909

Voter turnout
Constituency no. Constituency Electors Male Female Third Gender Total NRI Postal Votes Total Votes Turnout (%) Turnout (%;excl. Postal)
MALEFEMALETHIRD GENDER
1Kasaragod1363937507542588600110961432043956110009980.6676.9683.5550.00
2Kannur1266550484899563025110479251866821105474683.2880.6184.6720.00
3Vadakara128892648564257519511060838214775094106593282.7078.3885.945.56
4Wayanad135967952907456084101089915572844109275980.3778.4081.890.00
5Kozhikode13180245135895579377107153326935349107688281.7080.0482.5046.67
6Malappuram137054449630953668801032997631802103479975.5071.8178.990.00
7Ponnani1356803466412549928110163411041025101736674.9869.2980.4416.67
8Palakkad132301049446953151311025983122891102887477.7776.4078.6520.00
9Alathur126679449324052265021015892223484101937680.4779.4580.9150.00
10Thrissur133711048861955169451040318451804104212277.9475.9279.5529.41
11Chalakudy123019748203150684669888830155099043380.5180.3680.4175.00
12Ernakulam124597248010548569069658010158996739077.6478.9976.1046.15
13Idukki120419146607845148919175685199191955976.3677.8274.6033.33
14Kottayam1206698456630451086390771915292991064875.4777.2073.3237.50
15Alappuzha1356701520042562480010825221967590109011280.3579.1480.400.00
16Mavelikkara13081024501405141481964289421807197236074.3372.2475.06100.00
17Pathanamthitta138274149091453177631022693134685102737874.3073.7474.16100.00
18Kollam129672044567251561249612880772996901774.7371.7676.3250.00
19Attingal13507104589215403334999258106790100604874.4872.4775.3128.57
20Thiruvananthapuram1371427490244513476151003735117533101126873.7473.7672.6644.12

[12]

See also

References
  1. "Rise in UDF, BJP vote share". The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 26 May 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 30 May 2019.CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. "General Election 2019 - Election Commission of India". 26 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  3. Singh, Vijaita (1 September 2018). "General election will be held in 2019 as per schedule, says Rajnath Singh". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  4. "Kerala Congress Candidate List For 2019 Polls To Be Finalised In February". NDTV.com.
  5. ThiruvananthapuramDecember 27, P. S. Gopikrishnan Unnithan; December 27, 2018UPDATED; Ist, 2018 18:05. "Ahead of 2019 polls, LDF inducts 4 new parties in the coalition in Kerala". India Today.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. February 17, Jeemon Jacob; February 17, 2019UPDATED; Ist, 2019 04:55. "Kerala BJP banks on temple politics". India Today.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. Ameerudheen, T. A. "Elections 2019: Six Lok Sabha seats in Kerala you should watch out for". Scroll.in. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  8. "Bogus Voting: Election Commission orders re polling in four booths in Kerala". The News Minute. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  9. "Re-polling at 4 booths in north Kerala on May 19". The Hindu. 16 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  10. "Votes secured by the political parties in Kerala, 2019". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  11. "Assembly constituency wise lead of political parties, Kerala (2019)". eci.gov.in. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  12. Final voter turnout of Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Lok Sabha Elections 2019, The Election Commission of India (20 April 2019, updated 4 May 2019)
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