Abu Snan

Abu Snan (Arabic: أبو سنان‎, romanized: Abū Sinān, Hebrew: אַבּוּ סְנָן‎) is a local council in the Galilee region of northern Israel, with an area of 4,750 dunams (4.75 km²). It achieved recognition as an independent local council in 1964. It is a religiously mixed town, with a Muslim majority and sizable Druze and Christian minorities.[3] According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2019 Abu Snan had a total population of 14,099.[1]

Abu Snan

  • אַבּוּ סְנָן, אבו סנאן‎‎
  • أبو سنان‎
Local council
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • ISO 259ʔabbu-Snaˀn
Abu Snan
Coordinates: 32°57′N 35°10′E
Grid position166/262 PAL
DistrictNorthern
Area
 • Total4,750 dunams (4.75 km2 or 1.83 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)[1]
 • Total14,099
 • Density3,000/km2 (7,700/sq mi)
Name meaning"Produsing pasturage, especially such plants as "sorrel""[2]

History

Abu Snan is an ancient village site, where old dressed stones have been reused in modern houses. Graves, oil or vine -presses, and cisterns have been found cut in rock.[4]

Crusaders

In about 1250 Abu Snan is noted as a casale of the Teutonic Knights, called Busnen.[5] Under the name Tusyan, probably a corruption of Busenan, Abu Snan was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders during the hudna between the Crusaders based in Acre and the Mamluk sultan al-Mansur (Qalawun) declared in 1283.[6] No Crusader remains have yet been identified in the village.[7]

Ottoman Empire

In 1517, Abu Snan was with the rest of Palestine incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after it was captured from the Mamluks, and by 1596, it appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as part of the Nahiya of Akka of the Liwa of Safad. It had a population of 102 households and 3 bachelors, all Muslims. The villagers paid taxes on wheat, barley, olive trees, sesame, cotton, goats and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues"; a total of 7,600 akçe.[8]

A map by Pierre Jacotin from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 showed the place, named as Abou Senan.[9] When French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1875, he estimated the population of Abu Snan to be 400, of whom 260 were Druzes and 140 Greek Orthodox Christians.[10] Guérin also wrote that "Abu Senan has succeeded an ancient town, as is proved by cisterns cut in rock, and a considerable quantity of cut-stones, now used for modern buildings."[11] Fragments from an older building is used in a chapel for St. George.[12]

In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Abu Snan as a stone-built village situated on the low hill near the plain, surrounded by olive groves and arable land, and with many cisterns of rain-water. The population consisted of 150 Christians and 100 Muslims.[13]

A population list from about 1887 showed that Abu Senan had about 565 inhabitants; two thirds Druze, one third Greek Catholic Christians.[14]

British Mandate
Abu Snan local council building

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Abu Snan had a total population of 518. Of these, 43 were Muslim, 228 Druzes and 247 Christians.[15] Of Abu Snan's 247 Christians, 196 were Orthodox, 44 Roman Catholics, 4 Melkites and 3 Maronites.[16] In the 1931 census it had increased to a population of 605, in 102 inhabited houses. Of these, 20 were Muslim, 274 Christians, and 311 Druzes.[17]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Abu Snan was 820; 30 Muslims, 380 Christians and 410 other Arabs,[18] and the land area was a total of 13,043 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[19] 2,172 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 7,933 used for cereals,[20] while 69 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[21]

Israel

In 2003 the local council was merged with its neighboring towns. The next year this was undone.

Demographics

Abu Snan had a population of 13,000 (2014), 7,000 of whom are Muslim, 4,000 Druze, and 2,000 Christian.[22]

Income

According to Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a low ranking (3 out of 10) on the country's socioeconomic index (December 2001). Only 63.6% of students are entitled to a matriculation certificate after Grade 12 (2000). The average salary that year was NIS 3,629 per month, whereas the national average was NIS 6,835.

See also

References
  1. "Population in the Localities 2019" (XLS). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  2. Palmer, 1881, p. 37
  3. אבו סנאן 2014
  4. Dauphin, 1998, p. 639
  5. Conder and Kitchener, 1881, p 153
  6. Barag, 1979, p. 204
  7. Pringle, 1997, p. 119
  8. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 191
  9. Karmon, 1960, p. 162.
  10. Guérin, 1880, p. 21, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, p. 144
  11. Guérin, 1880, p. 21, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, p. 160
  12. Dauphin, 1998, p. 639
  13. Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 144
  14. Schumacher, 1888, p. 173
  15. Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
  16. Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 50
  17. Mills, 1932, p. 99
  18. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4
  19. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 40 Archived 2018-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
  20. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80 Archived 2018-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
  21. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130 Archived 2018-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
  22. Hassan Shaalan, 'Muslim-Druze clashes started over kaffiyeh dispute,' Ynet 15 November 2014.

Bibliography
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