Ardalan
Ardalan (Kurdish: میرنشینی ئەردەڵان)[1] was a hereditary Kurdish vassaldom in western Iran until 1865[2] or 1868[3] with Sanandaj as capital.[4] The territory corresponded roughly to present-day Kurdistan Province of Iran and the rulers were loyal to the Qajar Empire. Baban was its main rival. Sunni Islam was the official religion of the principality and Gorani its literary language and lingua franca.[4][5] When the vassaldom fell, literary work in Gorani ceased.[6]
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History
According to Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi, the renowned Kurdish historian, the earliest known leader of the tribe, Bani Ardalan, was a descendant of "Ahmad b. Marwan" also known as "Nasr al-Dawla Ahmad ibn Marwān", who was the ruler of Marwanid Emirate in 1011–1061 centered in Amid. He settled down among the Goran Kurds in Kurdistan and toward the end of the Mongol period took over the Sharazor, where he established himself as an absolute ruler. Bani Ardalan's family also declared themselves descendants of the legendary Saladin.[7]
Ardalan encompassed Qaradagh, Khanaqin, Kirkuk, and Kifri.[5]
References
- "میرنشینی ئەردەڵان، بابان، سۆران لە بەڵگەنامەکانی قاجاریدا 1799-1847" (PDF) (in Kurdish). 2002. Retrieved 2 May 2020. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - David Mcdowall (1996). The Kurds (PDF). Minority Rights Group International Report. p. 20. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- Najat Abdulla-Ali (2006). Empire, frontière et tribu Le Kurdistan et le conflit de frontière turco-persan (1843-1932) (in French). p. 159.
- Michael M. Gunter (2009). The A to Z of the Kurds. Scarecrow Press. p. 10.
- Jemal Nebez (2000). "The Kurdish Language from Oral Tradition to Written Language". Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- Maisel, Sebastian (2018). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. p. 166. ISBN 9781440842573.
- Oberling, P. "BANĪ ARDALĀN". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2011-09-21.