Kurds in Russia
The Kurds in Russia (Russian: Курды в России, romanized: Kurdy v Rossii, Kurdish: Kurdên Rusyayê) form a major part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, with close ties to the Kurdish communities in the Caucasus and Central Asia. The 2010 Russian census registered a total of 63,818 ethnic Kurds living in Russia.[7]
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Total population | |
---|---|
63,818 (2010)[1] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Kursk[2] 10,000 in Moscow (1995)[3] | |
Languages | |
Kurdish (Kurmanji), Russian, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Georgian[4] | |
Religion | |
Islam, Yazidism, Irreligion[5][6] | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Iranian people |
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History
During the early 19th century, the main goal of the Russian Empire was to ensure the neutrality of the Kurds in the wars against Persia and the Ottoman Empire.[8] In the beginning of the 19th century, Kurds settled in Transcaucasia, at a time when Transcaucasia was incorporated into the Russian Empire. In the 20th century, Kurds were persecuted and exterminated by the Turks and Persians, a situation that led Kurds to move to Russian Transcaucasia.[4] From 1804–1813 and again in 1826–1828, when the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire were at war, the Russian authorities let Kurds settle in Russia and Armenia.[4] During the Crimean War and the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Kurds moved to Russia and Armenia.[4] According to the Russian Census of 1897, 99,900 Kurds lived in the Russian Empire.[9]
During the World War II, one of the most renowned Russian Kurds were Samand Siabandov, a war hero.
Abdullah Öcalan sought asylum in Russia in 1998.[2]
Kurdish population in Russia
Statistics | ||
---|---|---|
1897[10] | ||
99,949 | In the whole Russian Empire | |
99,836 | Russian Transcaucasia | |
112 | Russian Turkestan or Central Asia | |
1 | European Russia | |
0 | Siberia | |
0 | Vistula Land | |
1926[11] | ||
54,661 | Soviet Union | |
52,173 | Transcaucasian SFSR | |
2,308 | Turkmen SSR | |
178 | Russian SFSR | |
1 | Ukrainian SSR | |
1 | Uzbek SSR | |
0 | Belarusian SSR | |
1939[12] | ||
45,877 | Soviet Union | |
20,481 | Armenian SSR | |
12,915 | Georgian SSR | |
6,005 | Azerbaijan SSR | |
2,387 | Kazakh SSR | |
1,954 | Turkmen SSR | |
1,490 | Kyrgyz SSR | |
387 | Russian SFSR | |
156 | Uzbek SSR | |
90 | Ukrainian SSR | |
7 | Tajikistan SSR | |
5 | Belarusian SSR | |
1959[13] | ||
58,799 | Soviet Union | |
25,627 | Armenian SSR | |
16,212 | Georgian SSR | |
6,109 | Kazakh SSR | |
4,783 | Kyrgyz SSR | |
2,263 | Turkmenistan SSR | |
1,487 | Azerbaijan SSR | |
1,354 | Uzbekistan SSR | |
855 | Russian SSR | |
65 | Ukrainian SSR | |
15 | Tajikistan SSR | |
10 | Belarusian SSR | |
9 | Moldovan SSR | |
4 | Lithuanian SSR | |
3 | Estonian SSR | |
3 | Latvian SSR | |
1979[14] | ||
115,858 | Soviet Union | |
50,822 | Armenian SSR | |
25,688 | Georgian SSR | |
17,692 | Kazakh SSR | |
9,544 | Kyrgyz SSR | |
5,676 | Azerbaijan SSR | |
3,521 | Turkmenistan SSR | |
1.631 | Russian SSR | |
982 | Uzbekistan SSR | |
122 | Ukrainian SSR | |
117 | Belarusian SSR | |
27 | Tajikistan SSR | |
15 | Moldovan SSR | |
10 | Latvian SSR | |
9 | Lithuanian SSR | |
2 | Estonian SSR | |
1989[15] | ||
152,717 | Soviet Union | |
56,127 | Armenian SSR | |
33,331 | Georgian SSR | |
25,425 | Kazakh SSR | |
14,262 | Kyrgyz SSR | |
12,226 | Azerbaijan SSR | |
4,724 | Russian SSR | |
4,387 | Turkmenistan SSR | |
1,839 | Uzbekistan SSR | |
238 | Ukrainian SSR | |
66 | Belarusian SSR | |
56 | Tajikistan SSR | |
13 | Estonian SSR | |
11 | Latvian SSR | |
9 | Moldovan SSR | |
3 | Lithuanian SSR | |
Year | Population | Note |
---|---|---|
2002 | 50.880[16] | In the Russian Federation |
2010 | 63.818[1] | In the Russian Federation |
See also
References
- "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации". Demoscope. Demoscope. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- "Relations With Russia Deteriorate As Kurds Protest". The Russia Journal. The Russia Journal. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
- "The Kurds remain caught in the "Transcaucasian Triangle"". jamestown.org. 19 May 1995. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
- "The Kurds of Caucasia and Central Asia have been cut off for a considerable period of time and their development in Russia and then in the Soviet Union has been somewhat different. In this light the Soviet Kurds may be considered to be an ethnic group in their own right." The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire "Kurds". Institute of Estonia (EKI). Institute of Estonia (EKI). Retrieved 22 June 2012.
- "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on 2012-05-30.
- "Kurdistan: between U.S. and Iraq". Georgiatimes. Georgiatimes. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
- Том 4 - "Национальный состав и владение языками, гражданство".. perepis2002.ru (in Russian). perepis2002.ru. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
- "Archived copy" РОССИЯ И ПРОБЛЕМА КУРДОВ. rau.su (in Russian). rau.su. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Chapter 10: The Kurds in the Soviet Union". Ismet Chériff Vanly. scribd. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
- "Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку, губерниям и областям". Demoscope. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР (in Russian). Retrieved 6 July 2012.
- "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1939 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1970 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- "4. National composition of population and citizenship: 4.3. Population by nationalities and knowledge of Russian". Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- "National Composition of Population for Regions of the Russian Federation" (in Russian). perepis2002.ru. Retrieved 12 February 2013.