Bates distribution

In probability and statistics, the Bates distribution, named after Grace Bates, is a probability distribution of the mean of a number of statistically independent uniformly distributed random variables on the unit interval.[1] This distribution is sometimes confused[2] with the Irwin–Hall distribution, which is the distribution of the sum (not the mean) of n independent random variables uniformly distributed from 0 to 1. Thus, the two distributions are simply versions of each other as they only differ in scale.

Bates
Probability density function
Cumulative distribution function
Parameters
integer
Support
PDF see below
Mean
Variance
Skewness 0
Ex. kurtosis
CF

Definition

The Bates distribution is the continuous probability distribution of the mean, X, of n independent uniformly distributed random variables on the unit interval, Ui:

The equation defining the probability density function of a Bates distribution random variable X is

for x in the interval (0,1), and zero elsewhere. Here sgn(nx k) denotes the sign function:

More generally, the mean of n independent uniformly distributed random variables on the interval [a,b]

would have the probability density function (PDF) of

Therefore, the PDF of the distribution is

Extensions to the Bates distribution

Instead of dividing by n we can also use n to create a similar distribution with a constant variance (like unity). By subtracting the mean we can set the resulting mean to zero. This way the parameter n would become a purely shape-adjusting parameter, and we obtain a distribution which covers the uniform, the triangular and, in the limit, also the normal Gaussian distribution. By allowing also non-integer n a highly flexible distribution can be created (e.g. U(0,1) + 0.5U(0,1) gives a trapezoidal distribution). Actually the Student-t distribution provides a natural extension of the normal Gaussian distribution for modeling of long tail data. And such generalized Bates distribution is doing so for short tail data (kurtosis < 3).

The Bates distribution has an application to beamforming and pattern synthesis in reference [3]

See also

Notes

  1. Jonhson, N. L.; Kotz, S.; Balakrishnan (1995) Continuous Univariate Distributions, Volume 2, 2nd Edition, Wiley ISBN 0-471-58494-0(Section 26.9)
  2. "The thing named "Irwin-Hall distribution" in d3.random is actually a Bates distribution · Issue #1647 · d3/d3". GitHub. Retrieved 2018-04-17.
  3. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8299700/similar#similar

References

  • Bates,G.E. (1955) "Joint distributions of time intervals for the occurrence of successive accidents in a generalized Polya urn scheme", Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 26, 705720


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