Biota of the Isle of Man

• Great crested newt, Triturus cristatus (Jolgan-leaghyr-beg) *
• Smooth newt, Triturus vulgaris (Jolgan-leaghyr-beg) *
• Palmate newt, Triturus helveticus (Jolgan-leaghyr-beg) *

• Common toad, Bufo bufo (Beayf) *
• Common frog, Rana temporaria (Rannag)

• Red-throated diver, Gavia stellata
• Black-throated diver, Gavia arctica
• Great northern diver, Gavia immer

• Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
• Slavonian grebe, Podiceps auritus (Eean kereen cleayshagh)

• Storm petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus (Kitty varrey)

• Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus (Scraayl)
• Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis (Eean croymmagh)

• Gannet, Morus bassanus (Gant)

• Cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo (Fannag)
• Shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis (Fannag)

• Bittern, Botaurus stellaris†
• Grey heron, Ardea cinerea (Coayr ny Hastan)

• Mute swan, Cygnus olor
• Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus
• Pink-footed goose, Anser brachyrynchus
• Greylag goose, Anser anser (Guiy feie)
• Canada goose, Branta canadensis *
• Brent goose, Branta bernicla
• Shelduck, Tadorna tadorna (Thunnag y scape)
• Wigeon, Anas penelope (Thunnag veg feie)
• Gadwall, Anas strepera (Laagh ghlass)
• Teal, Anas crecca (Laagh laaghag)
• Mallard, Anus platyrhynchos (Thunnag feie)
• Shoveler, Anas clypeata (Thunnag ny sleryst)
• Pochard, Aythya ferina (Kione mollagh)
• Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula (Thunnag happagh)
• Scaup, Aythya marila (Thunnag varrey)
• Eider, Somateria mollissima (Laagh loughlinagh)
• Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis (Laagh lheeah)
• Common scoter, Melanitta nigra
• Velvet scoter, Melanitta fusca
• Goldeneye, Bucephala clangula (Laaghag hooillagh)
• Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator (Thunnag cleeau yiarg)
• Goosander, Mergus merganser (Laagh eeacklagh)
• Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis *

• Sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus
• Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus
• White-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla†

• Kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
• Merlin, Falco columbarius
• Peregrine, Falco peregrinus

• Red-legged partridge, Alectoris rufa *
• Grey partridge, Perdix perdix (Kiark rennee) *
• Quail, Coturnix coturnix (Eean feie)

• Black grouse, Tetrao tetrix† (extinct, native status uncertain but an introduced population is extinct)
• Red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scoticus† (native, extinct by 1835, reintroduced 1880 and still extant) (Kellagh Ruy / Kiark Freoaie – Heath Hen).

• Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus *

• Water rail, Rallus aquaticus
• Corncrake, Crex crex (Eean raip)
• Coot, Fulica atra

• Oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus

• Curlew, Numenius arguata

• Woodcock, Scolopax rusticola
• Snipe, Gallinago gallinago

• Herring gull, Larsus argentatus (Foillan)
• Great black-backed gull, Larsus marinus (Juan mooar)

• Great auk, Pinguinus impennis†
• Puffin, Fratercula arctica
• Razorbill, Alca torda

• Woodpigeon, Columba palumbus
• Collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto

• Barn owl, Tyto alba

• Tawny owl, Strix aluco
• Long-eared owl, Asio otus
• Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus

• Swallow, Hirundo rustica

• Grey wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
• Pied wagtail, Motacilla alba yarrellii

• Wren, Troglodytes troglodytes (Drean)

• Dunnock, Prunella modularis

• Robin, Erithacus rubecula
• Blackbird, Turdus merula (Lhondoo)
• Song thrush, Turdus philomelos

• Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
• Goldcrest, Regulus regulus

• Blue tit, Parus caeruleus (Drean gorrym)
• Great tit, Parus major (Drean mooar)
• Coal tit, Parus ater (Drean kione doo)
• Long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus

• Starling, Sturnus vulgaris

• Magpie, Pica pica
• Jackdaw, Corvus monedula
• Raven, Corvus corax
• Carrion crow, Corvus corax
• Hooded crow, Corvus cornix
• Chough, Phyrocorrax phyrocorrax (Caaig)
• Rook, Corvus frugilegus

• House sparrow, Passer domesticus

• Common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs
• Goldfinch, Carduelis chloris
• Greenfinch, Carduelis chloris

• Corn bunting, Miliaria calandra†

• Chrysops vulgaris
• Chrysops ventralis
• Hemerobius lutescens
• Micromus veriegatus

• Limnophilus auricula
• Limnophilus flavicornis
• Limnophilus elegans

• Common hawker, Aeshna juncea
• Brown hawker, Aeshna grandis
• Migrant hawker, Aeshna mixta
• Common darter, Sympetrum striolatum
• Black darter, Sympetrum danae
• Red-veined darter, Sympetrum fonscolombi
• Ruddy darter, Sympetrum sanguineum
• Four-spotted chaser, Libellula quadrimaculata
• Downy emerald, Cordulia aenea
• Keeled skimmer, Orthetrum coerulescens
• Emperor dragonfly, Anax imperator
• Common blue damselfly, Enallagma cyathigerum
• Blue-tailed damselfly, Ischnura elegans
• Golden-ringed dragonfly, Cordulegaster boltonii
• Large red damselfly, Pyrrhosoma nymphula
• Emerald damselfly, Lestes sponsa

• Dark bush-cricket, Pholidoptera griseoaptera (Found only on Laxey/Lonan coast)
• Speckled bush-cricket, Leptophyes punctatissima (Found only in Glen Chass, Port St. Mary)
• Lesser mottled grasshopper, Stenobothrus stigmaticus (Found only on Langness)
• Common green grasshopper, Omocestus viridulus (Common)

• Common earwig, Forficula auricularia

• Bibio marci
• Bibio reticulatus
• Bombylius canescens
• Bombylius minor, heath bee-fly
• Calliphora vomitoria
• Cheilosia rosarum
• Machimus cowini, Manx robber fly

• Agrothereutes abbreviata
• Andrena clarkella
• Andrena denticulata
• Andrena labilis
• Bombus agrorum
• Bombus lucorum
• Bombus muscorum
• Crabo cribarius
• Dolerus liogaster
• Dolerus cothurnatus
• Halictus calceatus
• Lissonata bellator
• Myrmica ruginodis
• Parabates cristatus
• Pontania viminalis
• Psythyrus campestris
• Spilichneumon occisorius
• Trichoma enecator

• Large white, Pieris brassicae
• Small white, Pieris rapae
• Green-veined white, Pieris napi
• Orange tip, Anthocharis cardamines

• Small copper, Lycaena phlaeas
• Common blue, Polyommatus icarus
• Holly blue, Celastrina argiolus

• Grayling, Hipparchia semele
• Speckled wood, Pararge aegeria[1]
• Meadow brown, Maniola jurtina
• Wall, Lasiommata megera
• Small heath, Coenonympha pamphilus

• Dark green fritillary, Speyeria aglaja
• Red admiral, Vanessa atalanta
• Small tortoiseshell, Aglais urticae
• Peacock, Aglais io
• Comma, Polygonia c-album[1]
• Painted lady, Vanessa cardui
• Ringlet, Aphantopus hyperantus†

• Cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae

• Peppered moth, Biston betularia
• Garden carpet, Xanthorhoe fluctuata
• Silver ground carpet, Xanthorhoe montanata montanata

• Elephant hawkmoth, Deilephila elpenor
• Death's head hawkmoth, Acherontia atropos

• Puss moth, Cerura vinula

• Silver Y, Autographa gamma f. gammina
• Ingrailed clay, Diarsia mendica mendica

• Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale (Hawthorn shield bug)
• Capsus meriopterus (a broom myrid)
• Corixa praeusta (a water boatman)
• Herris lacustris (common pondskater)
• Hydrometra stagnorum (water-measurer)
• Myzus cerasi
• Peizodorus lituratus
• Plagiognathus arbustorum
• Sybsigara fossarum
• Subsigara scotti
• Velua currens

As of 2020 research by the Manx Bat Group (https://manxbatgroup.org/) has found that there are at least nine species of Chiroptera found on the Isle of Man:

• Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Craitnag)
• Whiskered bat, Myotis mystacinus
• Natterer's bat, Myotis nattereri
• Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentonii
• Leisler's bat, Nyctalus leisleri
• Soprano pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pygmaeus
• Brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus (Chleayshagh)
• Nathusius's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nathusii [2][3]
• Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros[4][5]

• Mountain hare, Lepus timidus †* (once extinct but now reintroduced, found only on the Northern Hills) (Mwaagh Slieu)
• European hare, Lepus europaeus * (uncertain if introduced, found across the Isle of Man but note the Calf of Man) (Mwaagh Dhone)
• European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus * (found across the Island and on the Calf of Man in good numbers) (Conning)

• European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus *(accidental introduction) * (Arkan Sonney)
• Pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus (Thollag Airhey) (the common shrew is not found in the Isle of Man as commonly thought)

• Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus (Lugh Faiyr)
• House mouse, Mus domesticus (Lugh Thie) *
• Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus * (Roddan Dhone)

• Stoat, Mustela erminea hibernica (Assag, known as a 'weasel' in the Manx English dialect)
• Ferret, Mustela furo (Kayt ny Giark) (known as polecats but really just feral ferrets)

• Irish elk, Megaloceros giganteus (Feeaih Mooar) †

• Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus (Raun Glass)
• Common seal, Phoca vitulina (Raun) (occasional, not known to breed)

• Domestic goat, Capra hircus (Goayr) *

• Red-necked wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus (Myn-changaroo) *

Note that Manx nomenclature traditionally did not differentiate between species. Most whales are known as 'Muc Varrey' (sea pigs) or 'Perkin Mooar' and small dolphins as 'Doraid'.

• Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (Perkin/perkyn chadjin)[6]
• Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncates (Lheimmeyder mooar-tronnagh)[7]
• Common dolphin, Delphinus delphis (Doraid/Lheimmeyder cadjin giare-ghobbagh)[8]
• Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus (Lheimmeyder marrey garroo)[9]
• Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Muc-varrey ny maaigyn bane)[10]

• Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae[11]
• Killer whale, Orcinus orca[11]
• Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus[11]

• Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis – a single adult was stranded on Langness in May 1925. Its skeleton is on display in the Natural History Gallery of the Manx Museum [12]
• Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas – no known records in Manx waters, but have been sighted in the Irish Sea[13]
• Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba - on 20 December 2017 a single striped dolphin beached and died in Castletown harbour and was preserved for display within the Manx Museum[14]

• Grey whale, Eschrichtius robustus – a coastal whale probably once found in the Irish Sea, however the species' North Atlantic population was extirpated in the 18th century.[15]

All sorts of domesticated species have been brought to the Isle of Man by humans over the millennia. Two notable landrace breeds have evolved distinctively on the island:

• Manx cat, a domestic cat (Felis catus) with genetic abbreviation of the tail, which may range from no tail at all to essentially full-size. Developed as a standardised breed in the late 19th century, the Manx cat has become a popular breed worldwide, but is in danger of diseappearing on the island itself, as it is being out-bred by other cats imported over the last century by primarily English immigrants. The long-haired variety is called the Cymric cat in some breed registries, and was primarily developed in Canada, not the Isle of Man.
• Manx Loaghtan, a variety of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) with brown wool and four horns, rare outside the island and considered "at risk" by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust. The dwindling numbers of the sheep have also caused a local decline in the population of wild corvid birds called choughs – the sheep keep grasses short, making the insect prey of the birds easier to find, and the sheep dung attracts beetles preferred by the birds.

• Limax cinereoniger (ash-black slug) found in remnant ancient woodland in 2011 after not being recorded for over 100 years.[16]

• Jujubinus striatus (grooved topshell) recorded in the Langness Marine Nature Reserve in 2019; the first Manx record since Edward Forbes recorded it in 1838.[16]

• Fairy Shrimp, Chirocephalus diaphanus

218 species of Arachnids have been identified in the Isle of Man as of 1 January 2002.[18]

• Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin)

• Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus)

• Dysdera erythrina (Walckenaer)
• Dysdera crocata (C.L. Koch)
• Harpactea hombergi (Scopoli)

• Oonops pulcher Templeton

• Ero cambridgei (Kulczynski)
• Ero furcata (Villers)

• Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck)

• Episinus angulatus (Blackwall)
• Dipoena inornata (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Steatoda phalerata (Panzer)
• Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus)
• Theridion sisyphium (Clerck)
• Theridion melanurum (Hahn)
• Theridion mystaceum (L. Koch)
• Paidiscura pallens (Blackwall)
• Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck)
• Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn)
• Robertus lividus (Blackwall)
• Robertus arundineti (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Pholcomma gibbum (Westring)

• Ceratinella brevipes (Westring)
• Ceratinella brevis (Wider)
• Ceratinella scabrosa (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Walckenaeria acuminata (Blackwall)
• Walckenaeria antica (Wider)
• Walckenaeria nodosa (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Walckenaeria nudipalpis (Westring)
• Walckenaeria monoceros (Wider)
• Walckenaeria unicornis (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Walckenaeria kochi (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Walckenaeria cuspidata (Blackwall)
• Walckenaeria vigilax (Blackwall)
• Dicymbium nigrum (Blackwall)
• Dicymbium brevisetosum Locket
• Dicymbium tibiale (Blackwall)
• Entelecara erythropus (Westring)
• Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider)
• Gongylidium rufipes (Sundevall)
• Dismodicus bifrons (Blackwall)
• Hypomma bituberculatum (Wider)
• Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall)
• Metopobactrus prominulus (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Baryphyma trifrons (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Gonatium rubens (Blackwall)
• Gonatium rubellum (Blackwall)
• Maso sundevalli (Westring)
• Peponocranium ludicrum (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Pocadicnemis pumila (Blackwall)
• Pocadicnemis juncea Locket & Millidge
• Oedothorax gibbosus (Blackwall)
• Oedothorax fuscus (Blackwall)
• Oedothorax agrestis (Blackwall)
• Oedothorax retusus (Westring)
• Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall)
• Trichopterna thorelli (Westring)
• Pelecopsis mengei (Simon)
• Pelecopsis parallela (Wider)
• Silometopus ambiguus (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Silometopus elegans (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Cnephalocotes obscurus (Blackwall)
• Tiso vagans (Blackwall)
• Tapinocyba praecox (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Tapinocyba pallens (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Monocephalus fuscipes (Blackwall)
• Monocephalus castenipes (Simon)
• Lophomma punctatum (Blackwall)
• Gongylidiellum vivum (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Micrargus subaequalis (Westring)
• Micrargus herbigradus (Blackwall)
• Erigonella hiemalis (Blackwall)
• Savignia frontata (Blackwall)
• Diplocephalus cristatus (Blackwall)
• Diplocephalus permixtus (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Diplocephalus latifrons (Blackwall)
• Diplocephalus picinus (Blackwall)
• Araeoncus humilis (Blackwall)
• Araeoncus crassiceps (Westring)
• Erigone dentipalpis (Wider)
• Erigone atra (Blackwall)
• Erigone promiscua (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Erigone arctica (White)
• Erigone longipalpis (Sundevall)
• Drepanotylus uncatus (O.P.-Cambridge
• Leptothrix hardyi (Blackwall)
• Hilaira excisa (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Halorates reprobus (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Ostearius melanopygius (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Porrhomma pygmaeum (Blackwall)
• Porrhomma convexum (Westring)
• Agyneta subtilis (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Agyneta conigera (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Agyneta decora (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Agyneta cauta (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Agyneta olivacea (Emerton)
• Agyneta ramosa Jackson
• Meioneta rurestris (C.L. Koch)
• Meioneta saxatilis (Blackwall)
• Microneta viaria (Blackwall)
• Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall)
• Centromerus prudens (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Tallusia experta (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Centromerita bicolor (Blackwall)
• Centromerita concinna (Thorell)
• Saaristoa abnormis (Blackwall)
• Bathyphantes approximatus (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Bathyphantes gracilis (Blackwall)
• Bathyphantes parvulus (Westring)
• Bathyphantes nigrinus (Westring)
• Kaestneria pullata (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Diplostyla concolor (Wider)
• Poeciloneta variegata (Blackwall)
• Drapetisca socialis (Sundevall)
• Tapinopa longidens (Wider)
• Floronia bucculenta (Clerck)
• Taranucnus setosus (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Labulla thoracica (Wider)
• Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus)
• Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall)
• Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert)
• Lepthyphantes minutus (Blackwall)
• Lepthyphantes alacris (Blackwall)
• Lepthyphantes obscurus (Blackwall)
• Lepthyphantes tenuis (Blackwall)
• Lepthyphantes zimmermanni Bertkau
• Lepthyphantes mengei (Kulczynski)
• Lepthyphantes flavipes (Blackwall)
• Lepthyphantes tenebricola (Wider)
• Lepthyphantes ericaeus (Blackwall)
• Linyphia triangularis (Clerck)
• Neriene montana (Clerck)
• Neriene clathrata (Sundevall)
• Neriene peltata (Wider)
• Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall)
• Allomengea scopigera (Grube)

• Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus)
• Tetragnatha montana (Simon)
• Pachygnatha clercki (Sundevall)
• Pachygnatha degeeri (Sundevall)
• Metellina segmentata (Clerck)
• Metellina mengei (Blackwall)
• Metellina merianae (Scopoli)
• European cave spider Meta menardi (Latreille)

• European garden spider Araneus diadematus (Clerck)
• Araneus quadratus (Clerck)
• Larinioides cornutus (Clerck)
• Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck)
• Araniella cucurbitina (Clerck)
• Araniella opisthographa (Kulczynski)
• Zygiella x-notata (Clerck)
• Zygiella atrica (C.L. Koch)

• Pardosa monticola (Clerck)
• Pardosa palustris (Linnaeus)
• Pardosa pullata (Clerck)
• Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch)
• Pardosa amentata (Clerck)
• Pardosa nigriceps (Thorell)
• Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck)
• Trochosa ruricola (Degeer)
• Trochosa terricola Thorell
• Arctosa perita (Latreille)
• Arctosa leopardus (Sundevall)
• Pirata piraticus (Clerck)
• Pirata latitans (Blackwall)
• Pirata piscatorius (Clerck)

• Nursery web spider Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck)

• Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck)
• Textrix denticulata (Olivier)
• Giant house spider Tegenaria gigantea (Chamberlin & Ivie)
• Tegenaria saeva (Blackwall)
• Domestic house spider Tegenaria domestica (Clerck) (Mx. Doo-oallee)

• Water spider Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck)

• Antistea elegans (Blackwall)
• Hahnia montana (Blackwall)
• Hahnia nava (Blackwall)

• Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus)
• Dictyna latens (Fabricius)

• Amaurobius fenestralis (Stroem)
• Amaurobius similis (Blackwall)
• Amaurobius ferox (Blackwall)
• Coelotes atropos (Walckenaer)

• Agroeca proxima (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Scotina gracilipes (Blackwall)
• Phrurolithus festivus (C.L. Koch)

• Clubiona reclusa (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Clubiona stagnatilis (Kulczynski)
• Clubiona pallidula (Clerck)
• Clubiona phragmitis (C.L. Koch)
• Clubiona terrestris (Westring)
• Clubiona neglecta (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Clubiona lutescens (Westring)
• Clubiona comta (C.L. Koch)
• Clubiona trivialis (C.L. Koch)
• Clubiona diversa (O.P.-Cambridge)

• Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer)
• Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall)
• Haplodrassus signifer (C.L. Koch)
• Scotophaeus blackwalli (Thorell)
• Zelotes latreillei (Simon)
• Zelotes apricorum (L. Koch)
• Drassyllus lutetianus (L. Koch)
• Drassyllus pusillus (C.L. Koch)
• Micaria pulicaria (Sundevall)

• Philodromus aureolus (Clerck)
• Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer)
• Tibellus maritimus (Menge)

• Xysticus cristatus (Clerck)
• Xysticus kochi (Thorell)
• Xysticus erraticus (Blackwall)
• Ozyptila sanctuaria (O.P.-Cambridge)
• Ozyptila trux (Blackwall)
• Ozyptila atomaria (Panzer)

• Zebra spider Salticus scenicus (Clerck)
• Heliophanus cupreus (Walckenaer)
• Pseudoeuophrys frontalis (Walckenaer)
• Euophrys lanigera (Simon)
• Sitticus saltator (Simon)

Plants

• Common juniper, Juniperus communis

• Isle of Man cabbage, Coincya Monensis. In 2019 was recorded in two locations at the Ayres National Nature Reserve.[16]

• Yellow water lily, Nuphar lutea

Fungi

Sixty-two species of dung fungi have been recorded in the Isle of Man as of 13 April 2009 by Michael J. Richardson, a British mycologist. The following are from a sample of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) pellets collected at The Ayres on 6 January 2008.

• Coprotus sexdecimsporus
• Iodophanus carneus

• Thelebolus polysporus

• Unguiculella tityrii

• Arnium mendax
• Bombardioidea stercoris
• Coniochaeta hansenii
• Podospora pleiospora
• Schizothecium tetrasporum
• Schizothecium vesticola

• Viennotidia fimicola

• Delitschia winteri
• Sporormiella australis
• Sporormiella grandispora
• Sporormiella intermedia
• Trichodelitschia minuta

• Coprinus miser
• Coprinus stercoreus

• Pilaira moreaui

• Didymium difforme