Chulyms

The Chulyms, also Chulym Tatars (self-designation: Татарлар), are a Turkic people in the Tomsk Oblast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in Russia.

Chulyms
Regions with significant populations
 Russia355[1]
Languages
Chulym, Russian
Religion
Russian Orthodox and Shamanism
Related ethnic groups
Siberian Tatars, Shors, Khakas

History

The Chulym Tatars first came to the Chulym River when they were driven from their homes in the Sibir Khanate by the forces of Ermak Timofeevich.[2]

They used to live along the middle and lower reaches of the Chulym River (tributary of the Ob River). The Russians used to call them the Chulymian Tatars. The Chulyms appeared in the 16th century as a result of mixing of some of the Turkic groups, who had migrated to the East after the fall of the Siberia Khanate, partially Teleuts, Yenisei Kyrgyz and groups of Tobolsk Tatars.[3]

During the 16th century, the Russian conquered the Chulyms and their newly settled land. In 1720, the Chulyms were forcefully converted to Christianity.[3] In the early 19th century, the Chulyms were mandated by an edict from the Russian authorities to increase their productivity which further disenfranchised them as they were already burdened with heavy taxation. Under Soviet rule, the Chulyms were collectivized and forced to adopt a sedentary lifestyle. The ideologies of the Soviet government were also imposed upon the Chulyms and their culture.[3]

The Chulyms were not a nomadic tribe. They adopted farming and cattle breeding from the Russian peasants in that area. Most of the Chulyms' descendants blended with the Khakas and Russians.

According to the 2002 census, there were 656 Chulyms in Russia.

Culture

They speak Chulym-Turkic language known as Ös and adhere to Russian Orthodoxy mixed with their original Shamanist beliefs.

The Chulyms were originally hunters and trappers. Howerver, modernization has changed their livelihood and they mainly work in factories, tanneries and factories.[4]

See also

Notes
  1. Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity Archived April 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  2. Wixman, Ronald (2017). Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook. Routledge. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-315-47540-0.
  3. "The Chulym Tatars". www.eki.ee. The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  4. Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles; Pappas, Nicholas C. J. (1995). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8.

References
  • James Stuart Olson, Lee Brigance Pappas and Nicholas Charles Pappas. "An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires". Greenwood Press, 1994. page 162


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