Cuneiform (Unicode block)

In Unicode, the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script is covered in three blocks in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP):

Cuneiform
RangeU+12000..U+123FF
(1,024 code points)
PlaneSMP
ScriptsCuneiform
Major alphabetsSumerian
Akkadian
Elamite
Hittite
Hurrian
Assigned922 code points
Unused102 reserved code points
Unicode version history
5.0879 (+879)
7.0921 (+42)
8.0922 (+1)
Note: [1][2]

The sample glyphs in the chart file published by the Unicode Consortium[3] show the characters in their Classical Sumerian form (Early Dynastic period, mid 3rd millennium BCE). The characters as written during the 2nd and 1st millennia BCE, the era during which the vast majority of cuneiform texts were written, are considered font variants of the same characters.

Character inventory and ordering

The final proposal for Unicode encoding of the script was submitted by two cuneiform scholars working with an experienced Unicode proposal writer in June 2004.[4] The base character inventory is derived from the list of Ur III signs compiled by the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative of UCLA based on the inventories of Miguel Civil, Rykle Borger (2003), and Robert Englund. Rather than opting for a direct ordering by glyph shape and complexity, according to the numbering of an existing catalogue, the Unicode order of glyphs was based on the Latin alphabetic order of their 'main' Sumerian transliteration as a practical approximation.

Of the 907 signs listed by Borger (2003), some 200 have no encoding at a single code point. Conversely, a number of combinations considered reducible by Borger were assigned unique code points. These differences are due to the difficulty of establishing what represents a single character in cuneiform, and indeed most of Borger's items not encoded have straightforward etymological decomposition. There are still quite a number of universally recognized signs missing, and criticism has been voiced to the effect that the encoding "disregards an important part of the accumulated knowledge of generations of assyriologists about what actually function as single signs in normal texts, and are reflected in the traditional sign lists, most recently and comprehensively Borger's Mesopotamische Zeichenliste".[5] For example, there are signs written as ligatures of varying constituent signs, such as KURUM7 (Borger 2003 no. 729) that was written IGI.NÍG in early times, but later IGI.ERIM. Since there is no code point for KURUM7, the sign must be expressed as either IGI.NÍG (U+12146 U+1243C, 𒅆𒐼) or IGI.ERIM (U+12146 U+1209F, 𒅆𒂟) depending on the shape of the glyph, in violation of the basic principle of Unicode to encode characters, not glyphs. While those signs can in principle still be added by a "Cuneiform Extended" range in the future, as has been done for a number of other scripts ("Latin Extended" etc.), their absence as of Unicode 7.0 means that the standard's usability for the encoding of actual texts is limited.

Rather than opting for an ordering by glyph shape and complexity, the Unicode order of characters is the Latin alphabet order of their "main" Sumerian transliteration (placing signs on Š-, transliterated as SH-, between SAR and SI). In most (but not all) cases, the "etymological" decomposition of originally complex signs ("ligatures") has been chosen, even if the sign's most familiar value is another. For example, U+12066 𒁦 DAG KISIM5 TIMES LU PLUS MASH2 is better known as AMAŠ, U+12258 𒉘 NINDA2 TIMES NE is better known as ÁG, and U+1212F 𒄯 HI TIMES ASH2 is better known as ḪAR or ḪUR.

List of signs

The following table allows matching of Borger's 1981 and 2003 numbering with Unicode characters [6] The "primary" transliteration column has the glyphs' Sumerian values as given by the official glyph name, slightly modified here for legibility by including traditional assyriological symbols such as "x" rather than "TIMES". The exact Unicode names can be unambiguously recovered by prefixing, "CUNEIFORM [NUMERIC] SIGN", replacing "TIMES" for "x", "PLUS" for "+" and "OVER" for "/", "ASTERISK" for "*", "H" for "Ḫ", "SH" for "Š", and switching to uppercase.

Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform

SignCode point"Primary" transliterationBorger
(2003)
Borger
(1981)
Comments
𒀀U+12000A839579
𒀁U+12001A x A845583EDURU
𒀂U+12002A x BAD840580AGAM
𒀃U+12003A x GAN2 tenû
𒀄U+12004A x ḪA846584; 587ZAḪ3
𒀅U+12005A x IGI844581ÍR
𒀆U+12006A x LAGAR gunû843582
𒀇U+12007A x MUŠ842
𒀈U+12008A x SAG841585
𒀉U+12009A2560334ID
𒀊U+1200AAB223128ABBA
𒀋U+1200BAB x AŠ2227128**,200a
𒀌U+1200CAB x DUN3 gunû
𒀍U+1200DAB x GAL228194IRIGAL
𒀎U+1200EAB x GAN2 tenû225198
𒀏U+1200FAB x ḪA236200NINA
𒀐U+12010AB x IGI gunû229196
𒀑U+12011AB x IMIN237
𒀒U+12012AB x LAGAB234
𒀓U+12013AB x ŠEŠ226200c
𒀔U+12014AB x U + U + U232UNUG
𒀕U+12015AB gunûÚNU, URUGAL2
𒀖U+12016AB2672420LID
𒀗U+12017AB2 x BALAG676422LILIZ
𒀘U+12018AB2 x GAN2 tenû674423KIR6
𒀙U+12019AB2 x ME + EN679426
𒀚U+1201AAB2 x ŠA3677424LIBIŠ
𒀛U+1201BAB2 x TAK4673420,8
𒀜U+1201CAD258145ADDA
𒀝U+1201DAK12797AG
𒀞U+1201EAK x ERIN212998ME3
𒀟U+1201FAK x ŠITA + GIŠ128
𒀠U+12020AL474298
𒀡U+12021AL x AL478
𒀢U+12022AL x DIM2480
𒀣U+12023AL x GIŠ477301
𒀤U+12024AL x ḪA482305
𒀥U+12025AL x KAD3
𒀦U+12026AL x KI481303
𒀧U+12027AL x ŠE348,479205IL
𒀨U+12028AL x UŠ476300
𒀩U+12029ALAN573358
𒀪U+1202Aaleph635397late variant of AḪ; HZL nr. 332
𒀫U+1202BAMAR695437ZUR
𒀬U+1202CAMAR x ŠE696438SISKUR
𒀭U+1202DAN01013
𒀮U+1202EAN / AN
𒀯U+1202FAN three timesMUL
𒀰U+12030AN + NAGA opposing AN + NAGA
𒀱U+12031AN + NAGA squaredDNAGA, DALḪAMUN
𒀲U+12032ANŠE353208"donkey"
𒀳U+12033APIN09056ÀBSIN, ENGAR
𒀴U+12034ARAD001850NITA2
𒀵U+12035ARAD x KUR001951
𒀶U+12036ARKAB859vNIG2.IB, ARGAB
𒀷U+12037ASAL2
𒀸U+12038001001also DIŠ, DILI, DIDLI (plural)
𒀹U+12039AŠ ZIDA tenû575209DIŠ tenû, ĜE23
𒀺U+1203AAŠ KABA tenû647?
𒀻U+1203BAŠ / AŠ TUG2 / TUG2 TUG2 / TUG2 PAP
𒀼U+1203CAŠ / AŠ / AŠ505325*16
𒀽U+1203DAŠ / AŠ / AŠ crossing AŠ / AŠ / AŠ649364/5,5-6ŠUŠUR2
𒀾U+1203E2548339
𒀿U+1203FAŠGAB1736
𒁀U+12040BA014005BA.BA.ZA = "porridge"
𒁁U+12041BAD11369MUD2
𒁂U+12042BAG378
𒁃U+12043BAḪAR2309
𒁄U+12044BAL0059
𒁅U+12045BAL / BAL
𒁆U+12046BALAG565352DUB2
𒁇U+12047BAR12174
𒁈U+12048BARA2554344
𒁉U+12049BI358214
𒁊U+1204ABI x A
𒁋U+1204BBI x GAR361214c
𒁌U+1204CBI x IGI gunû
BI x KUR
𒁍U+1204DBU580371GID2
𒁎U+1204EBU / BU AB582
𒁏U+1204FBU / BU UN
𒁐U+12050BU crossing BU581
𒁑U+12051BULUG16960
𒁒U+12052BULUG / BULUG
𒁓U+12053BUR559349NIG2 gunû
𒁔U+12054BUR2008
𒁕U+12055DA561335
𒁖U+12056DAG438280PAR3
𒁗U+12057DAG KISIM5 x A + MAŠ461294b
𒁘U+12058DAG KISIM5 x AMAR458288
𒁙U+12059DAG KISIM5 x BALAG457
𒁚U+1205ADAG KISIM5 x BI447288
𒁛U+1205BDAG KISIM5 x GA455291UBUR
𒁜U+1205CDAG KISIM5 x GA + MAŠ
𒁝U+1205DDAG KISIM5 x GI444284
𒁞U+1205EDAG KISIM5 x GIR2440281a; 294e; 432,1KIŠI8
𒁟U+1205FDAG KISIM5 x GUD452289UTUL5
𒁠U+12060DAG KISIM5 x ḪA462294d
𒁡U+12061DAG KISIM5 x IR450UBUR3
𒁢U+12062DAG KISIM5 x IR + LU451UBUR4
𒁣U+12063DAG KISIM5 x KAK448294f
𒁤U+12064DAG KISIM5 x LA441282
𒁥U+12065DAG KISIM5 x LU459UBUR2
𒁦U+12066DAG KISIM5 x LU + MAŠ2460293; 294AMAŠ
𒁧U+12067DAG KISIM5 x LUM463294a
𒁨U+12068DAG KISIM5 x NE446286
𒁩U+12069DAG KISIM5 x PAP + PAP
𒁪U+1206ADAG KISIM5 x SI445285
𒁫U+1206BDAG KISIM5 x TAK4443283
𒁬U+1206CDAG KISIM5 x U2 + GIR2453290
𒁭U+1206DDAG KISIM5 x UŠ449287UTUA
𒁮U+1206EDAM889557
𒁯U+1206FDAR183114GUN3, ḪUR gunû, SI gunû
𒁰U+12070DARA3166100"ibex"
𒁱U+12071DARA4817540
𒁲U+12072DI736457
𒁳U+12073DIB813537DAB
𒁴U+12074DIM16794
𒁵U+12075DIM x ŠE16894MUN
𒁶U+12076DIM2686440GIM
𒁷U+12077DIN119465
𒁸U+12078DIN KASKAL U gunû DIŠ
𒁹U+12079DIŠ748; 749480NIGIDA
𒁺U+1207ADU350206RE6, GUB, ŠA4
𒁻U+1207BDU / DU350206aLAḪ4, RE7
𒁼U+1207CDU gunû351201GIR6, SUḪUŠ
𒁽U+1207DDU šešig352202GIR5, KAŠ4
𒁾U+1207EDUB242138KIŠIB3
𒁿U+1207FDUB x EŠ2
𒂀U+12080DUB2
𒂁U+12081DUG499309BI x A
𒂂U+12082DUGUD704445
𒂃U+12083DUḪ298167GAB, DU8, TUḪ
𒂄U+12084DUN744467ŠUL
𒂅U+12085DUN3836595GÍN, TÙN
𒂆U+12086DUN3 gunû
𒂇U+12087DUN3 gunû gunûMIR
𒂈U+12088DUN4557348DUL4, UR gunû šešig, MIR šešig
𒂉U+12089DUR2808DURU2, DURUN, TUKUL, TUŠ
𒂊U+1208AE498308
𒂋U+1208BE x PAP
𒂌U+1208CE / E NUN / NUN
𒂍U+1208DE2495324
𒂎U+1208EE2 x A + ḪA + DA
𒂏U+1208FE2 x GAR
𒂐U+12090E2 x MI
𒂑U+12091E2 x SAL
𒂒U+12092E2 x ŠE
𒂓U+12093E2 x U
𒂔U+12094EDIN, E2 + DIM x 300170EDEN
𒂕U+12095EGIR356209
𒂖U+12096EL899564SIKIL
𒂗U+12097EN16499
𒂘U+12098EN x GAN216554BURU14
𒂙U+12099EN x GAN2 tenû
𒂚U+1209AEN x ME164lig2
𒂛U+1209BEN crossing EN
𒂜U+1209CEN opposing EN
𒂝U+1209DEN squared
𒂞U+1209EEREN818541
𒂟U+1209FERIN2612; 613393ERIM, ZALAG2; PIRIG
𒂠U+120A02810; 811536ŠE3, GI7, ĜIR15, ZI3
𒂡U+120A1EZEN271152IZIN, KEŠDA
𒂢U+120A2EZEN x A288
𒂣U+120A3EZEN x A + LAL289159SIL7
𒂤U+120A4EZEN x A + LAL x LAL290160ASILAL4
𒂥U+120A5EZEN x AN
𒂦U+120A6EZEN x BAD275152UG5, UN3, BAD3
𒂧U+120A7EZEN x DUN3 gunû287162
𒂨U+120A8EZEN x DUN3 gunû gunû
𒂩U+120A9EZEN x ḪA291161
𒂪U+120AAEZEN x ḪA gunû
𒂫U+120ABEZEN x IGI gunû
𒂬U+120ACEZEN x KASKAL277
𒂭U+120ADEZEN x KASKAL squared
𒂮U+120AEEZEN x KU3284152
𒂯U+120AFEZEN x LA274152
𒂰U+120B0EZEN x LAL x LAL
𒂱U+120B1EZEN x LI273153
𒂲U+120B2EZEN x LU286157
𒂳U+120B3EZEN x U2279
𒂴U+120B4EZEN x UD283
𒂵U+120B5GA491319
𒂶U+120B6GA gunû492
𒂷U+120B7GA2387233
𒂸U+120B8GA2 x A + DA + ḪA428273
𒂹U+120B9GA2 x A + ḪA
𒂺U+120BAGA2 x A + IGI429274
𒂻U+120BBGA2 x AB2 tenû + TAB423?
𒂼U+120BCGA2 x AN392237AMA
𒂽U+120BDGA2 x AŠ389234
𒂾U+120BEGA2 x AŠ2 + GAL414258
𒂿U+120BFGA2 x BAD395242
𒃀U+120C0GA2 x BAR + RA
𒃁U+120C1GA2 x BUR
𒃂U+120C2GA2 x BUR + RA415259
𒃃U+120C3GA2 x DA416416
𒃄U+120C4GA2 x DI425268
𒃅U+120C5GA2 x DIM x ŠE401206
𒃆U+120C6GA2 x DUB403250
𒃇U+120C7GA2 x EL
𒃈U+120C8GA2 x EL + LA433272
𒃉U+120C9GA2 x EN399247
𒃊U+120CAGA2 x EN x GAN2 tenû400239GA2 x BURU14
𒃋U+120CBGA2 x GAN2 tenû402248
𒃌U+120CCGA2 x GAR431278GALGA
𒃍U+120CDGA2 x GI396243
𒃎U+120CEGA2 x GI4412256
𒃏U+120CFGA2 x GI4 + A
𒃐U+120D0GA2 x GIR2 + SU391236
𒃑U+120D1GA2 x ḪA + LU + EŠ2430277
𒃒U+120D2GA2 x ḪAL
𒃓U+120D3GA2 x ḪAL + LA390235
𒃔U+120D4GA2 x ḪI + LI421263
𒃕U+120D5GA2 x ḪUB2398
𒃖U+120D6GA2 x IGI gunû417260
𒃗U+120D7GA2 x IŠ + ḪU + AŠ406250i
𒃘U+120D8GA2 x KAK407251
𒃙U+120D9GA2 x KASKAL405250d
𒃚U+120DAGA2 x KID394241
𒃛U+120DBGA2 x KID + LAL409251
𒃜U+120DCGA2 x KU3 + AN426269
𒃝U+120DDGA2 x LA
𒃞U+120DEGA2 x ME + EN427270MEN
𒃟U+120DFGA2 x MI424265ITIMA
𒃠U+120E0GA2 x NUN397244GANUN
𒃡U+120E1GA2 x NUN / NUN411255UR3
𒃢U+120E2GA2 x PA408252; 257GAZI, SILA4
𒃣U+120E3GA2 x SAL432271ARḪUŠ
𒃤U+120E4GA2 x SAR413250b
𒃥U+120E5GA2 x ŠE418261ESAG2
𒃦U+120E6GA2 x ŠE + TUR419261a; 272a
𒃧U+120E7GA2 x ŠID410252
𒃨U+120E8GA2 x SUM404250c
𒃩U+120E9GA2 x TAK4394
𒃪U+120EAGA2 x U422264
𒃫U+120EBGA2 x UD420262
𒃬U+120ECGA2 x UD + DU
𒃭U+120EDGA2 / GA2
𒃮U+120EEGABA167
𒃯U+120EFGABA crossing GABA
𒃰U+120F0GAD15790
𒃱U+120F1GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
𒃲U+120F2GAL553343
𒃳U+120F3GAL GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
𒃴U+120F4GALAM338176kSUKUD
𒃵U+120F5GAM576362
𒃶U+120F6GAN253143KAN, ḪE2, SAG7
𒃷U+120F7GAN2174105I
𒃸U+120F8GAN2 tenû175105KAR2, ŠE3 tenû
𒃹U+120F9GAN2 / GAN2174v
𒃺U+120FAGAN2 crossing GAN2174v
𒃻U+120FBGAR859597NINDA, NIG2, ĜAR
𒃼U+120FCGAR3543333
𒃽U+120FDGAŠAN562; 563350U gunû
𒃾U+120FEGEŠTIN212210
𒃿U+120FFGEŠTIN x KUR213
𒄀U+12100GI14185GE
𒄁U+12101GI x E
𒄂U+12102GI x U
𒄃U+12103GI crossing GI10567GI16
𒄄U+12104GI4507326GE4
𒄅U+12105GI4 / GI4508326aGIGI
𒄆U+12106GI4 crossing GI4508326aGIGI
𒄇U+12107GIDIM830576
𒄈U+12108GIR200610ĜIRI2
𒄉U+12109GIR2 gunû00710
𒄊U+1210AGIR3701444PIRIĜ, ĜIRI3, GIRI3
𒄋U+1210BGIR3 x A + IGI703421; 579,396
𒄌U+1210CGIR3 x GAN2 tenû675423GIRI16
𒄍U+1210DGIR3 x IGI
𒄎U+1210EGIR3 x LU + IGI702537,129
𒄏U+1210FGIR3 x PA
𒄐U+12110GISAL376226
𒄑U+12111GIŠ469296ĜEŠ, SAG3
𒄒U+12112GIŠ crossing GIŠ469v
𒄓U+12113GIŠ x BAD471
𒄔U+12114GIŠ x TAK4
𒄕U+12115GIŠ tenû470296GUR17
𒄖U+12116GU891559
𒄗U+12117GU crossing GU892569SÙḪ
𒄘U+12118GU2176106
𒄙U+12119GU2 x KAK178
𒄚U+1211AGU2 x KAK x IGI gunû
𒄛U+1211BGU2 x NUN
𒄜U+1211CGU2 x SAL + TUG2
𒄝U+1211DGU2 gunû509327USAN2
𒄞U+1211EGUD472297GU4 "cow"
𒄟U+1211FGUD x A + KUR
𒄠U+12120GUD x KUR309AM
𒄡U+12121GUD / GUD LUGAL572357BIŠEBA3
𒄢U+12122GUL682429SUN2
𒄣U+12123GUM339191KUM
𒄤U+12124GUM x ŠE340192GAZ, GAS
𒄥U+12125GUR180111
𒄦U+12126GUR7819542
𒄧U+12127GURUN503310
𒄨U+12128GURUŠ322
𒄩U+12129ḪA856589KU6
𒄪U+1212AḪA tenû857590ZUBUD
𒄫U+1212BḪA gunû558346GIR, PE
𒄬U+1212CḪAL003002= AŠ.AŠ
𒄭U+1212DḪI631396DUG3, DUB3
𒄮U+1212EḪI x AŠ634405SUR3
𒄯U+1212FḪI x AŠ2644401ḪAR, ḪUR, HAR
𒄰U+12130ḪI x BAD640; 595406KAM
𒄱U+12131ḪI x DIŠ659409eŠÁR x DIŠ
𒄲U+12132ḪI x GAD650407ŠÁR x GAD
𒄳U+12133ḪI x KIN660410
𒄴U+12134ḪI x NUN636398AḪ, IḪ, UḪ, AH
𒄵U+12135ḪI x ŠE643400BIR
𒄶U+12136ḪI x U653; 688409ŠÁR x U; DÚBUR
𒄷U+12137ḪU13278
𒄸U+12138ḪUB214988TU11, TUN2
𒄹U+12139ḪUB2 x AN
𒄺U+1213AḪUB2 x ḪAL
𒄻U+1213BḪUB2 x KASKAL
𒄼U+1213CḪUB2 x LIŠ
𒄽U+1213DḪUB2 x UD150TU10
𒄾U+1213EḪUL2877550HUL2
𒄿U+1213FI252142
𒅀U+12140I A
𒅁U+12141IB807535
𒅂U+12142IDIM
𒅃U+12143IDIM / IDIM BUR
𒅄U+12144IDIM / IDIM squared
𒅅U+12145IG13680IK, ĜAL2, GAL2
𒅆U+12146IGI724449ŠI, LIM, GI8
𒅇U+12147IGI DIB731455U3
𒅈U+12148IGI RI726451AR
𒅉U+12149IGI / IGI ŠIR / ŠIR UD / UD
𒅊U+1214AIGI gunû564351SIG7
𒅋U+1214BIL348205
𒅌U+1214CIL x GAN2 tenû349
𒅍U+1214DIL2493320
𒅎U+1214EIM641399TUM9, tumu, TU15
𒅏U+1214FIM x TAK4642399,51
𒅐U+12150IM crossing IM641v399*DALHAMUN6, MERMER3
𒅑U+12151IM opposing IM641v
𒅒U+12152IM squared641v399**
𒅓U+12153IMIN863598c
𒅔U+12154IN261148
𒅕U+12155IR437232GAG gunû, ER
𒅖U+12156357212
𒅗U+12157KA02415GU3, ZU2, DUG4, DU11, KIR4, GIRI17
𒅘U+12158KA x A06435NAĜ
𒅙U+12159KA x AD
𒅚U+1215AKA x AD + KU303420
𒅛U+1215BKA x AŠ2046
𒅜U+1215CKA x BAD11
𒅝U+1215DKA x BALAG047
𒅞U+1215EKA x BAR030
𒅟U+1215FKA x BI
𒅠U+12160KA x ERIN205329*
𒅡U+12161KA x EŠ2
𒅢U+12162KA x GA044
𒅣U+12163KA x GAL
𒅤U+12164KA x GAN2 tenû03319PU3
𒅥U+12165KA x GAR065GU7
𒅦U+12166KA x GAR + ŠA3 + A066
𒅧U+12167KA x GI
𒅨U+12168KA x GIR2025
𒅩U+12169KA x GIŠ + SAR
𒅪U+1216AKA x GIŠ crossing GIŠ
𒅫U+1216BKA x GU06934
𒅬U+1216CKA x GUR7063
𒅭U+1216DKA x IGI059
𒅮U+1216EKA x IM05430BUN2
𒅯U+1216FKA x KAK038
𒅰U+12170KA x KI060
𒅱U+12171KA x KID
𒅲U+12172KA x LI02616
𒅳U+12173KA x LU
𒅴U+12174KA x ME06132EME
𒅵U+12175KA x ME + DU
𒅶U+12176KA x ME + GI
𒅷U+12177KA x ME + TE
𒅸U+12178KA x MI057
𒅹U+12179KA x MI + NUNUZ
𒅺U+1217AKA x NE035
𒅻U+1217BKA x NUN03118NUNDUM
𒅼U+1217CKA x PI052
𒅽U+1217DKA x RU028
𒅾U+1217EKA x SA03218*SU6
𒅿U+1217FKA x SAR045
𒆀U+12180KA x ŠA048
𒆁U+12181KA x ŠE050
𒆂U+12182KA x ŠID042
𒆃U+12183KA x ŠU049
033
19
26
ŠÚDU, PÚ
𒆄U+12184KA x SIG068
𒆅U+12185KA x SUḪUR
𒆆U+12186KA x TAR
𒆇U+12187KA x U056
𒆈U+12188KA x U2043
𒆉U+12189KA x UD051
𒆊U+1218AKA x UMUM x PA
𒆋U+1218BKA x UŠ039
𒆌U+1218CKA x ZI
𒆍U+1218DKA2222133
𒆎U+1218EKA2 crossing KA2
𒆏U+1218FKAB14888GAB2
𒆐U+12190KAD210863a
𒆑U+12191KAD310963c
𒆒U+12192KAD4568354b
𒆓U+12193KAD5569354b
𒆔U+12194KAD5 / KAD5
𒆕U+12195KAK379230GAG, DU3, RU2
𒆖U+12196KAK x IGI gunû
𒆗U+12197KAL496322ALAD2
𒆘U+12198KAL x BAD497323ALAD
𒆙U+12199KAL crossing KAL
𒆚U+1219AKAM2595
𒆛U+1219BKAM4097
𒆜U+1219CKASKAL302166
𒆝U+1219DKASKAL LAGAB x U / LAGAB x U307vŠUBTU6
𒆞U+1219EKASKAL / KASKAL LAGAB x U / LAGAB x U307vŠUBTU7
𒆟U+1219FKEŠ2152
𒆠U+121A0KI737461GAN from GANBA(market)
𒆡U+121A1KI x BAD738
𒆢U+121A2KI x U740462
𒆣U+121A3KI x UD739463
𒆤U+121A4KID484313LÍL2, GÉ, KE4
𒆥U+121A5KIN815538SAGA11
𒆦U+121A6KISAL435249
𒆧U+121A7KIŠ678425
𒆨U+121A8KISIM5687404*,1
𒆩U+121A9KISIM5 / KISIM5687v
𒆪U+121AAKU808536DÚR, TUKUL, TUŠ
𒆫U+121ABKU / ḪI x AŠ2 KU / ḪI x ÁŠ
𒆬U+121ACKU3745468KUG
𒆭U+121ADKU408758
𒆮U+121AEKU4 variant form
𒆯U+121AFKU7171110
𒆰U+121B0KUL11772
𒆱U+121B1KUL gunû
𒆲U+121B2KUN13177
𒆳U+121B3KUR578366GIN3
𒆴U+121B4KUR opposing KURLAHMU
𒆵U+121B5KUŠU2896562
𒆶U+121B6KWU318
𒆷U+121B7LA08955
𒆸U+121B8LAGAB755483NIGIN2, GUR4
𒆹U+121B9LAGAB x A795522AMBAR, BUGIN, BUNIN, SUG
𒆺U+121BALAGAB x A + DA + ḪA797523*; 524
𒆻U+121BBLAGAB x A + GAR799526
𒆼U+121BCLAGAB x A + LAL798
𒆽U+121BDLAGAB x AL773498
𒆾U+121BELAGAB x AN758
𒆿U+121BFLAGAB x AŠ ZIDA tenû778486,1; 504
𒇀U+121C0LAGAB x BAD760486GIGIR
𒇁U+121C1LAGAB x BI769496
𒇂U+121C2LAGAB x DAR765489
𒇃U+121C3LAGAB x EN764
𒇄U+121C4LAGAB x GA775
𒇅U+121C5LAGAB x GAR801528
𒇆U+121C6LAGAB x GUD772493
𒇇U+121C7LAGAB x GUD + GUD766494
𒇈U+121C8LAGAB x ḪA800527
𒇉U+121C9LAGAB x ḪAL756484ENGUR
𒇊U+121CALAGAB x ḪI x NUN784509
𒇋U+121CBLAGAB x IGI gunû
𒇌U+121CCLAGAB x IM785510
𒇍U+121CDLAGAB x IM + ḪA
𒇎U+121CELAGAB x IM + LU
𒇏U+121CFLAGAB x KI789514
𒇐U+121D0LAGAB x KIN794519
𒇑U+121D1LAGAB x KU3790513; 506GARIM
𒇒U+121D2LAGAB x KUL761
𒇓U+121D3LAGAB x KUL + ḪI + A762
𒇔U+121D4LAGAB x LAGAB804529NIĜIN
𒇕U+121D5LAGAB x LIŠ782486,1; 503
𒇖U+121D6LAGAB x LU793518
𒇗U+121D7LAGAB x LUL777502
𒇘U+121D8LAGAB x ME791516
𒇙U+121D9LAGAB x ME + EN792517
𒇚U+121DALAGAB x MUŠ780507
𒇛U+121DBLAGAB x NE768495UDUB
𒇜U+121DCLAGAB x ŠE + SUM779491,6; 492
𒇝U+121DDLAGAB x ŠITA + GIŠ + ERIN2
𒇞U+121DELAGAB x ŠITA + GIŠ tenû
𒇟U+121DFLAGAB x ŠU2802520
𒇠U+121E0LAGAB x ŠU2 + ŠU2803521
𒇡U+121E1LAGAB x SUM767491ZAR
𒇢U+121E2LAGAB x TAG
𒇣U+121E3LAGAB x TAK4759485
𒇤U+121E4LAGAB x TE + A + SU + NA
𒇥U+121E5LAGAB x U786511GÍGIR "wain"; PÚ, TÚL "source, fount"
𒇦U+121E6LAGAB x U + A787512
𒇧U+121E7LAGAB x U + U + U788515BUL
𒇨U+121E8LAGAB x U2 + AŠ774499
𒇩U+121E9LAGAB x UD783505
𒇪U+121EALAGAB x UŠ770
𒇫U+121EBLAGAB squared805530
𒇬U+121ECLAGAR719458HZL nr. 186
𒇭U+121EDLAGAR x ŠE722460SU7
𒇮U+121EELAGAR x ŠE + SUM723
𒇯U+121EFLAGAR gunû721459DU6
𒇰U+121F0LAGAR gunû / LAGAR gunû ŠE721v
𒇱U+121F1LAḪŠU
𒇲U+121F2LAL750481LA2
𒇳U+121F3LAL x LAL751482LAL2
𒇴U+121F4LAM693435BA from GANBA(market)
𒇵U+121F5LAM x KUR694436
𒇶U+121F6LAM x KUR + RU694v436,4
𒇷U+121F7LI08559
𒇸U+121F8LIL544336
𒇹U+121F9LIMMU2215124
𒇺U+121FALIŠ591377DÍLIM
𒇻U+121FBLU812537UDU
𒇼U+121FCLU x BAD814537,65c; 537*ÀD
𒇽U+121FDLU2514330Person
𒇾U+121FELU2 x AL523
𒇿U+121FFLU2 x BAD517
𒈀U+12200LU2 x EŠ2
𒈁U+12201LU2 x EŠ2 tenû
𒈂U+12202LU2 x GAN2 tenû521
𒈃U+12203LU2 x ḪI x BAD
𒈄U+12204LU2 x IM526
𒈅U+12205LU2 x KAD2519
𒈆U+12206LU2 x KAD3
𒈇U+12207LU2 x KAD3 + AŠ
𒈈U+12208LU2 x KI527
𒈉U+12209LU2 x LA + AŠ
𒈊U+1220ALU2 x LAGAB528
𒈋U+1220BLU2 x ME + EN
𒈌U+1220CLU2 x NE522
𒈍U+1220DLU2 x NU
𒈎U+1220ELU2 x SI + AŠ
𒈏U+1220FLU2 x SIK2 + BU533
𒈐U+12210LU2 x TUG2530AZLAG7
𒈑U+12211LU2 tenû515
𒈒U+12212LU2 crossing LU2
𒈓U+12213LU2 opposing LU2
𒈔U+12214LU2 squared
𒈕U+12215LU2 šešig516; 534330
𒈖U+12216LU3555345GÚG, ŠÈ gunû
𒈗U+12217LUGAL266151
𒈘U+12218LUGAL / LUGAL266vDADRUM?
𒈙U+12219LUGAL opposing LUGAL266vunattested
𒈚U+1221ALUGAL šešig
𒈛U+1221BLUḪ494321
𒈜U+1221CLUL570355NAR
𒈝U+1221DLUM900565ḪUM
𒈞U+1221ELUM / LUM902565a; 566a
𒈟U+1221FLUM / LUM GAR / GAR904566bLÙGUD
𒈠U+12220MA552342
𒈡U+12221MA x TAK4
𒈢U+12222MA gunû270146ḪASḪUR
𒈣U+12223MA2201122
𒈤U+12224MAḪ09157MAH
𒈥U+12225MAR483307
𒈦U+12226MAŠ12074
𒈧U+12227MAŠ213076
𒈨U+12228ME753532
𒈩U+12229MES486533RID, KIŠIB
𒈪U+1222AMI681427ĜI6, GE6
𒈫U+1222BMIN825570
𒈬U+1222CMU09861ĜU10
𒈭U+1222DMU / MU301169TAḪ, DAḪ
𒈮U+1222EMUG012003oakum
𒈯U+1222FMUG gunû00134ZADIM
𒈰U+12230MUNSUB820543MUNŠUB
𒈱U+12231MURGU2567
𒈲U+12232MUŠ585374
𒈳U+12233MUŠ x A
𒈴U+12234MUŠ x KUR
𒈵U+12235MUŠ x ZA
𒈶U+12236MUŠ / MUŠ586RI8
𒈷U+12237MUŠ / MUŠ x A + NA
𒈸U+12238MUŠ crossing MUŠ
𒈹U+12239MUŠ3153103INANNA, INNIN
𒈺U+1223AMUŠ3 x A154
𒈻U+1223BMUŠ3 x A + DI155
𒈼U+1223CMUŠ3 x DI
𒈽U+1223DMUŠ3 gunû
𒈾U+1223ENA11070
𒈿U+1223FNA2689431NU2
𒉀U+12240NAGA293NISABA
𒉁U+12241NAGA invertedḪAYA
𒉂U+12242NAGA x ŠU tenû294
𒉃U+12243NAGA opposing NAGA
𒉄U+12244NAGAR893560ALLA
𒉅U+12245NAM NUTILLU
𒉆U+12246NAM13479
𒉇U+12247NAM2
𒉈U+12248NE313172DE3, LIM4, LAM2
𒉉U+12249NE x A315
𒉊U+1224ANE x UD314
𒉋U+1224BNE šešig312173BÍL
𒉌U+1224CNI380231I3
𒉍U+1224DNI x E
𒉎U+1224ENI2641399
𒉏U+1224FNIM690433NUM
𒉐U+12250NIM x GAN2 tenû691434
𒉑U+12251NIM x GAR + GAN2 tenû692434a
𒉒U+12252NINDA2316176
𒉓U+12253NINDA2 x AN320
𒉔U+12254NINDA2 x AŠ317176,12; 177,2
𒉕U+12255NINDA2 x AŠ + AŠ316177,3
𒉖U+12256NINDA2 x GUD327187,6
𒉗U+12257NINDA2 x ME + GAN2 tenû
𒉘U+12258NINDA2 x NE326183ÁG "darling", RE, AĜ2
𒉙U+12259NINDA2 x NUN324181AZU
𒉚U+1225ANINDA2 x ŠE333v3
𒉛U+1225BNINDA2 x ŠE + A AN333ŠAM2
𒉜U+1225CNINDA2 x ŠE + AŠ331
𒉝U+1225DNINDA2 x ŠE + AŠ + AŠ332
𒉞U+1225ENINDA2 x U2 + AŠ330
𒉟U+1225FNINDA2 x UŠ
𒉠U+12260NISAG545337MURU2, MURUB4, ITI gunû
𒉡U+12261NU11275
𒉢U+12262NU1111571ŠIR
𒉣U+12263NUN14387
𒉤U+12264NUN LAGAR x GAR
𒉥U+12265NUN LAGAR x MAŠ
𒉦U+12266NUN LAGAR x SAL
𒉧U+12267NUN LAGAR x SAL / NUN LAGAR x SAL
𒉨U+12268NUN LAGAR x UŠ
𒉩U+12269NUN tenû14487
𒉪U+1226ANUN / NUN502325NIR
𒉫U+1226BNUN crossing NUN10763d
𒉬U+1226CNUN crossing NUN LAGAR / LAGAR
𒉭U+1226DNUNUZ614394
𒉮U+1226ENUNUZ AB2 x AŠGAB619394c,eUSAN3
𒉯U+1226FNUNUZ AB2 x BI621394dMUD3
𒉰U+12270NUNUZ AB2 x DUG625
𒉱U+12271NUNUZ AB2 x GUD623
𒉲U+12272NUNUZ AB2 x IGI gunû627
𒉳U+12273NUNUZ AB2 x KAD3618
𒉴U+12274NUNUZ AB2 x LA616394bLAḪTAN
𒉵U+12275NUNUZ AB2 x NE620
𒉶U+12276NUNUZ AB2 x SILA3617394b'LAḪTAN2
𒉷U+12277NUNUZ AB2 x U2(624)
𒉸U+12278NUNUZ KISIM5 x BI621394dMUD3
𒉹U+12279NUNUZ KISIM5 x BI U622MUD3.U
𒉺U+1227APA464295GIDRU "staff, sceptre", UGULA "overseer", GARZA "office"
𒉻U+1227BPAD746469ŠUK
𒉼U+1227CPAN685439
𒉽U+1227DPAP09260PAB, KUR2
𒉾U+1227EPEŠ2741; 882346
𒉿U+1227FPI598383TAL2
𒊀U+12280PI x A598vHZL nr. 326
𒊁U+12281PI x AB598vHZL nr. 318
𒊂U+12282PI x BI598vHZL nr. 320
𒊃U+12283PI x BU598vHZL nr. 324
𒊄U+12284PI x E598vHZL nr. 322
𒊅U+12285PI x I598vHZL nr. 319
𒊆U+12286PI x IB598vHZL nr. 325
𒊇U+12287PI x U598vHZL nr. 323
𒊈U+12288PI x U2598vHZL nr. 321
𒊉U+12289PI crossing PI598v383,3
𒊊U+1228APIRIG444
𒊋U+1228BPIRIG x KAL295
𒊌U+1228CPIRIG x UD296130UG, UKU4
𒊍U+1228DPIRIG x ZA297AZ
𒊎U+1228EPIRIG opposing PIRIG
𒊏U+1228FRA511328
𒊐U+12290RAB262149
𒊑U+12291RI14286DAL, TAL
𒊒U+12292RU11148
𒊓U+12293SA172104
𒊔U+12294SAG NUTILLU
𒊕U+12295SAG184115SAĜ
𒊖U+12296SAG x A197
𒊗U+12297SAG x DU187
𒊘U+12298SAG x DUB
𒊙U+12299SAG x ḪA198
𒊚U+1229ASAG x KAK188
𒊛U+1229BSAG x KUR
𒊜U+1229CSAG x LUM200
𒊝U+1229DSAG x MI195
𒊞U+1229ESAG x NUN185
𒊟U+1229FSAG x SAL199
𒊠U+122A0SAG x ŠID191
𒊡U+122A1SAG x TAB
𒊢U+122A2SAG x U2192
𒊣U+122A3SAG x UB193
𒊤U+122A4SAG x UM186
𒊥U+122A5SAG x UR196
𒊦U+122A6SAG x UŠ190
𒊧U+122A7SAG / SAG
𒊨U+122A8SAG gunû512329DUL3
𒊩U+122A9SAL883554MUNUS
𒊪U+122AASAL LAGAB x AŠ2
𒊫U+122ABSANGA2314
𒊬U+122ACSAR541152
𒊭U+122ADŠA566353
𒊮U+122AEŠA3599384ŠAG4
𒊯U+122AFŠA3 x A608390PEŠ4
𒊰U+122B0ŠA3 x BAD600
𒊱U+122B1ŠA3 x GIŠ603
𒊲U+122B2ŠA3 x NE602385
𒊳U+122B3ŠA3 x ŠU2609389
𒊴U+122B4ŠA3 x TUR601
𒊵U+122B5ŠA3 x U605
𒊶U+122B6ŠA3 x U + A606388BIR6
𒊷U+122B7ŠA6SAG9
𒊸U+122B8ŠAB6295k
𒊹U+122B9ŠAR2632; 633396TI2
𒊺U+122BAŠE579367
𒊻U+122BBŠE ḪU
𒊼U+122BCŠE / ŠE GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
𒊽U+122BDŠE / ŠE TAB / TAB GAR / GAR
𒊾U+122BEŠEG9878551
𒊿U+122BFŠEN017008= SU x A, ALAL, PISAN3, DUR10
𒋀U+122C0ŠEŠ535331URI3
𒋁U+122C1ŠEŠ2821544
𒋂U+122C2ŠEŠLAM10065
𒋃U+122C3ŠID485314LAG, UTTU2
𒋄U+122C4ŠID x A489317UMBISAG2
𒋅U+122C5ŠID x IM487317a
𒋆U+122C6ŠIM362215
𒋇U+122C7ŠIM x A372
𒋈U+122C8ŠIM x BAL363216,3; 217
𒋉U+122C9ŠIM x BULUG367218,2
𒋊U+122CAŠIM x DIN366221
𒋋U+122CBŠIM x GAR373225
𒋌U+122CCŠIM x IGI371
𒋍U+122CDŠIM x IGI gunû368219*
𒋎U+122CEŠIM x KUŠU2375223
𒋏U+122CFŠIM x LUL369
𒋐U+122D0ŠIM x MUG365216
𒋑U+122D1ŠIM x SAL374222
𒋒U+122D2ŠINIG93
𒋓U+122D3ŠIR11571
𒋔U+122D4ŠIR tenû116
𒋕U+122D5ŠIR / ŠIR BUR / BUR
𒋖U+122D6ŠITA388233,22"GA2"
𒋗U+122D7ŠU567354
𒋘U+122D8ŠU / inverted ŠU
𒋙U+122D9ŠU2869545
𒋚U+122DAŠUBUR002253
𒋛U+122DBSI181112
𒋜U+122DCSI gunû182113SU4
𒋝U+122DDSIG881592
𒋞U+122DESIG4905; 906567MURGU; HZL nr. 311
𒋟U+122DFSIG4 / SIG4 ŠU2907568
𒋠U+122E0SIK2816539SIG2, SIKI
𒋡U+122E1SILA309962
𒋢U+122E2SU016007also KUŠ "skin, hide"
𒋣U+122E3SU / SU
𒋤U+122E4SUD584373BU gunû
𒋥U+122E5SUD2139
𒋦U+122E6SUḪUR646403
𒋧U+122E7SUM292164ŠUM2
𒋨U+122E8SUMAŠ323182
𒋩U+122E9SUR151101
𒋪U+122EASUR9205122d
𒋫U+122EBTA248139
𒋬U+122ECTA*248v
𒋭U+122EDTA x ḪI250LAL3
𒋮U+122EETA x MI251
𒋯U+122EFTA gunû
𒋰U+122F0TAB209124
𒋱U+122F1TAB / TAB NI / NI DIŠ / DIŠ
𒋲U+122F2TAB squared
𒋳U+122F3TAG221126
𒋴U+122F4TAG x BI
𒋵U+122F5TAG x GUD
𒋶U+122F6TAG x ŠE
𒋷U+122F7TAG x ŠU
𒋸U+122F8TAG x TUG2
𒋹U+122F9TAG x UD
𒋺U+122FATAK410663KID2
𒋻U+122FBTAR00912
𒋼U+122FCTE589376GAL5
𒋽U+122FDTE gunû08858URU5, GUR8
𒋾U+122FETI11873TI, TE9, DÌ, TÌ, ṬE6
𒋿U+122FFTI tenû
𒌀U+12300TIL11469= BAD U+12041
𒌁U+12301TIR587375
𒌂U+12302TIR x TAK4
𒌃U+12303TIR / TIR587vNINNI5
𒌄U+12304TIR / TIR GAD / GAD GAR / GAR588375,46a-b
𒌅U+12305TU08658DU2
𒌆U+12306TUG2809536NAM2
𒌇U+12307TUK827574TUG
𒌈U+12308TUM354207
𒌉U+12309TUR255144DUMU
𒌊U+1230ATUR / TUR ZA / ZA
𒌋U+1230BU661411BUR3, UMUN
𒌌U+1230CU GUDUL, DU7
𒌍U+1230DU U U711472EŠ, "30"
𒌎U+1230EU / U PA / PA GAR / GAR
𒌏U+1230FU / U SUR / SUR
𒌐U+12310U / U U reversed / U reversed713474MAŠGI, BARGI
𒌑U+12311U2490318
𒌒U+12312UB504306AR2
𒌓U+12313UD596381BABBAR
𒌔U+12314UD KUŠU2611392UḪ2
𒌕U+12315UD x BAD
𒌖U+12316UD x MI597382ITIMA2
𒌗U+12317UD x U + U + U
𒌘U+12318UD x U + U + U gunû
𒌙U+12319UD gunû542337*uncertain
𒌚U+1231AUD šešig002052ITI, UD x EŠ
𒌛U+1231BUD šešig x BAD
𒌜U+1231CUDUG833577; 578
𒌝U+1231DUM238134
𒌞U+1231EUM x LAGAB
𒌟U+1231FUM x ME + DA241
𒌠U+12320UM x ŠA3
𒌡U+12321UM x U239
𒌢U+12322UMBIN92b
𒌣U+12323UMUM
𒌤U+12324UMUM x KASKALDE2
𒌥U+12325UMUM x PA
𒌦U+12326UN501312UG3, UKU3 "man"
𒌧U+12327UN gunû
𒌨U+12328UR828575HUL
𒌩U+12329UR crossing UR828v575a
𒌪U+1232AUR šešig829reconstruction
𒌫U+1232BUR2341203
𒌬U+1232CUR2 x A + ḪA346
𒌭U+1232DUR2 x A + NA
𒌮U+1232EUR2 x AL343
𒌯U+1232FUR2 x ḪA347185,5
𒌰U+12330UR2 x NUN342204
𒌱U+12331UR2 x U2344
𒌲U+12332UR2 x U2 + AŠ345185
𒌳U+12333UR2 x U2 + BI
𒌴U+12334UR4835594
𒌵U+12335URI574359BUR/BUR
𒌶U+12336URI3
𒌷U+12337URU07138Ri2, IRI
𒌸U+12338URU x A081
𒌹U+12339URU x AŠGAB
𒌺U+1233AURU x BAR07340UKKIN
𒌻U+1233BURU x DUN
𒌼U+1233CURU x GA076
𒌽U+1233DURU x GAL
𒌾U+1233EURU x GAN2 tenû074
𒌿U+1233FURU x GAR083
𒍀U+12340URU x GU084
𒍁U+12341URU x ḪA082
𒍂U+12342URU x IGI079
𒍃U+12343URU x IM
𒍄U+12344URU x IŠ
𒍅U+12345URU x KI
𒍆U+12346URU x LUM
𒍇U+12347URU x MIN080ULU3, U18, LU7
𒍈U+12348URU x PA
𒍉U+12349URU x ŠE
𒍊U+1234AURU x SIG4
𒍋U+1234BURU x TU072
𒍌U+1234CURU x U + GUD
𒍍U+1234DURU x UD077
𒍎U+1234EURU x URUDA07541BANŠUR
𒍏U+1234FURUDA230132URUDU
𒍐U+12350URUDA x U230
𒍑U+12351381211NITA
𒍒U+12352UŠ x A384211a
𒍓U+12353UŠ x KU383
𒍔U+12354UŠ x KUR
𒍕U+12355UŠ x TAK438251*
𒍖U+12356X583372UZ, US, UŠ
𒍗U+12357269MŪTU, (m-w-t), (mawt), (mt), מָוֶת (mawet)
𒍘U+12358UŠUMX
𒍙U+12359UTUKI
𒍚U+1235AUZ3203122b
𒍛U+1235BUZ3 x KASKAL204122c
𒍜U+1235CUZU311171
𒍝U+1235DZA851586
𒍞U+1235EZA tenû854379; 380AS4, ERIM tenû
𒍟U+1235FZA squared x KUR855531; 588
𒍠U+12360ZAG540332ZA3
𒍡U+12361ZAMX
𒍢U+12362ZE2259147ZI2, AB x PA
𒍣U+12363ZI14084ZE1, ZID, ZIG3
𒍤U+12364ZI / ZI10166
𒍥U+12365ZI3536
𒍦U+12366ZIB628395
𒍧U+12367ZIB KABA tenû
𒍨U+12368ZIG336190ZIK, NINDA x EŠ
𒍩U+12369ZIZ2339
𒍪U+1236AZU015006
𒍫U+1236BZU5
𒍬U+1236CZU5 x A
𒍭U+1236DZUBUR648364/5,2-3
𒍮U+1236EZUM884555
𒍯U+1236FKAP ELAMITE
𒍰U+12370AB x NUN
𒍱U+12371AB2 x A
𒍲U+12372AMAR x KUG
𒍳U+12373DAG KISIM5 x U2 + MAŠ
𒍴U+12374DAG3
𒍵U+12375DIŠ + ŠU
𒍶U+12376DUB x ŠE
𒍷U+12377EZEN x GUD
𒍸U+12378EZEN x ŠE
𒍹U+12379GA2 x AN + KAK + A
𒍺U+1237AGA2 x AŠ2
𒍻U+1237BGE22
𒍼U+1237CGIG
𒍽U+1237DḪUŠ
𒍾U+1237EKA x ANŠE
𒍿U+1237FKA x AŠ3
𒎀U+12380KA x GIŠ
𒎁U+12381KA x GUD
𒎂U+12382KA x ḪI x AŠ2
𒎃U+12383KA x LUM
𒎄U+12384KA x PA
𒎅U+12385KA x ŠUL
𒎆U+12386KA x TU
𒎇U+12387KA x UR2
𒎈U+12388LAGAB x GI
𒎉U+12389LU2 ŠEŠIG x BAD
𒎊U+1238ALU2 x EŠ2 + LAL
𒎋U+1238BLU2 x ŠU
𒎌U+1238CMEŠ
𒎍U+1238DMUŠ3 x ZA
𒎎U+1238ENA4
𒎏U+1238FNIN
𒎐U+12390NIN9
𒎑U+12391NINDA2 x BAL
𒎒U+12392NINDA2 x GI
𒎓U+12393NU11 rotated 90°
𒎔U+12394PEŠ2*
𒎕U+12395PIR2
𒎖U+12396SAG x IGI gunû
𒎗U+12397TI2
𒎘U+12398UM x ME
𒎙U+12399U U

Block

Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script was added to the Unicode Standard in July, 2006 with the release of version 5.0.

The Unicode block for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform is U+12000U+123FF:

Cuneiform[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+1200x 𒀀 𒀁 𒀂 𒀃 𒀄 𒀅 𒀆 𒀇 𒀈 𒀉 𒀊 𒀋 𒀌 𒀍 𒀎 𒀏
U+1201x 𒀐 𒀑 𒀒 𒀓 𒀔 𒀕 𒀖 𒀗 𒀘 𒀙 𒀚 𒀛 𒀜 𒀝 𒀞 𒀟
U+1202x 𒀠 𒀡 𒀢 𒀣 𒀤 𒀥 𒀦 𒀧 𒀨 𒀩 𒀪 𒀫 𒀬 𒀭 𒀮 𒀯
U+1203x 𒀰 𒀱 𒀲 𒀳 𒀴 𒀵 𒀶 𒀷 𒀸 𒀹 𒀺 𒀻 𒀼 𒀽 𒀾 𒀿
U+1204x 𒁀 𒁁 𒁂 𒁃 𒁄 𒁅 𒁆 𒁇 𒁈 𒁉 𒁊 𒁋 𒁌 𒁍 𒁎 𒁏
U+1205x 𒁐 𒁑 𒁒 𒁓 𒁔 𒁕 𒁖 𒁗 𒁘 𒁙 𒁚 𒁛 𒁜 𒁝 𒁞 𒁟
U+1206x 𒁠 𒁡 𒁢 𒁣 𒁤 𒁥 𒁦 𒁧 𒁨 𒁩 𒁪 𒁫 𒁬 𒁭 𒁮 𒁯
U+1207x 𒁰 𒁱 𒁲 𒁳 𒁴 𒁵 𒁶 𒁷 𒁸 𒁹 𒁺 𒁻 𒁼 𒁽 𒁾 𒁿
U+1208x 𒂀 𒂁 𒂂 𒂃 𒂄 𒂅 𒂆 𒂇 𒂈 𒂉 𒂊 𒂋 𒂌 𒂍 𒂎 𒂏
U+1209x 𒂐 𒂑 𒂒 𒂓 𒂔 𒂕 𒂖 𒂗 𒂘 𒂙 𒂚 𒂛 𒂜 𒂝 𒂞 𒂟
U+120Ax 𒂠 𒂡 𒂢 𒂣 𒂤 𒂥 𒂦 𒂧 𒂨 𒂩 𒂪 𒂫 𒂬 𒂭 𒂮 𒂯
U+120Bx 𒂰 𒂱 𒂲 𒂳 𒂴 𒂵 𒂶 𒂷 𒂸 𒂹 𒂺 𒂻 𒂼 𒂽 𒂾 𒂿
U+120Cx 𒃀 𒃁 𒃂 𒃃 𒃄 𒃅 𒃆 𒃇 𒃈 𒃉 𒃊 𒃋 𒃌 𒃍 𒃎 𒃏
U+120Dx 𒃐 𒃑 𒃒 𒃓 𒃔 𒃕 𒃖 𒃗 𒃘 𒃙 𒃚 𒃛 𒃜 𒃝 𒃞 𒃟
U+120Ex 𒃠 𒃡 𒃢 𒃣 𒃤 𒃥 𒃦 𒃧 𒃨 𒃩 𒃪 𒃫 𒃬 𒃭 𒃮 𒃯
U+120Fx 𒃰 𒃱 𒃲 𒃳 𒃴 𒃵 𒃶 𒃷 𒃸 𒃹 𒃺 𒃻 𒃼 𒃽 𒃾 𒃿
U+1210x 𒄀 𒄁 𒄂 𒄃 𒄄 𒄅 𒄆 𒄇 𒄈 𒄉 𒄊 𒄋 𒄌 𒄍 𒄎 𒄏
U+1211x 𒄐 𒄑 𒄒 𒄓 𒄔 𒄕 𒄖 𒄗 𒄘 𒄙 𒄚 𒄛 𒄜 𒄝 𒄞 𒄟
U+1212x 𒄠 𒄡 𒄢 𒄣 𒄤 𒄥 𒄦 𒄧 𒄨 𒄩 𒄪 𒄫 𒄬 𒄭 𒄮 𒄯
U+1213x 𒄰 𒄱 𒄲 𒄳 𒄴 𒄵 𒄶 𒄷 𒄸 𒄹 𒄺 𒄻 𒄼 𒄽 𒄾 𒄿
U+1214x 𒅀 𒅁 𒅂 𒅃 𒅄 𒅅 𒅆 𒅇 𒅈 𒅉 𒅊 𒅋 𒅌 𒅍 𒅎 𒅏
U+1215x 𒅐 𒅑 𒅒 𒅓 𒅔 𒅕 𒅖 𒅗 𒅘 𒅙 𒅚 𒅛 𒅜 𒅝 𒅞 𒅟
U+1216x 𒅠 𒅡 𒅢 𒅣 𒅤 𒅥 𒅦 𒅧 𒅨 𒅩 𒅪 𒅫 𒅬 𒅭 𒅮 𒅯
U+1217x 𒅰 𒅱 𒅲 𒅳 𒅴 𒅵 𒅶 𒅷 𒅸 𒅹 𒅺 𒅻 𒅼 𒅽 𒅾 𒅿
U+1218x 𒆀 𒆁 𒆂 𒆃 𒆄 𒆅 𒆆 𒆇 𒆈 𒆉 𒆊 𒆋 𒆌 𒆍 𒆎 𒆏
U+1219x 𒆐 𒆑 𒆒 𒆓 𒆔 𒆕 𒆖 𒆗 𒆘 𒆙 𒆚 𒆛 𒆜 𒆝 𒆞 𒆟
U+121Ax 𒆠 𒆡 𒆢 𒆣 𒆤 𒆥 𒆦 𒆧 𒆨 𒆩 𒆪 𒆫 𒆬 𒆭 𒆮 𒆯
U+121Bx 𒆰 𒆱 𒆲 𒆳 𒆴 𒆵 𒆶 𒆷 𒆸 𒆹 𒆺 𒆻 𒆼 𒆽 𒆾 𒆿
U+121Cx 𒇀 𒇁 𒇂 𒇃 𒇄 𒇅 𒇆 𒇇 𒇈 𒇉 𒇊 𒇋 𒇌 𒇍 𒇎 𒇏
U+121Dx 𒇐 𒇑 𒇒 𒇓 𒇔 𒇕 𒇖 𒇗 𒇘 𒇙 𒇚 𒇛 𒇜 𒇝 𒇞 𒇟
U+121Ex 𒇠 𒇡 𒇢 𒇣 𒇤 𒇥 𒇦 𒇧 𒇨 𒇩 𒇪 𒇫 𒇬 𒇭 𒇮 𒇯
U+121Fx 𒇰 𒇱 𒇲 𒇳 𒇴 𒇵 𒇶 𒇷 𒇸 𒇹 𒇺 𒇻 𒇼 𒇽 𒇾 𒇿
U+1220x 𒈀 𒈁 𒈂 𒈃 𒈄 𒈅 𒈆 𒈇 𒈈 𒈉 𒈊 𒈋 𒈌 𒈍 𒈎 𒈏
U+1221x 𒈐 𒈑 𒈒 𒈓 𒈔 𒈕 𒈖 𒈗 𒈘 𒈙 𒈚 𒈛 𒈜 𒈝 𒈞 𒈟
U+1222x 𒈠 𒈡 𒈢 𒈣 𒈤 𒈥 𒈦 𒈧 𒈨 𒈩 𒈪 𒈫 𒈬 𒈭 𒈮 𒈯
U+1223x 𒈰 𒈱 𒈲 𒈳 𒈴 𒈵 𒈶 𒈷 𒈸 𒈹 𒈺 𒈻 𒈼 𒈽 𒈾 𒈿
U+1224x 𒉀 𒉁 𒉂 𒉃 𒉄 𒉅 𒉆 𒉇 𒉈 𒉉 𒉊 𒉋 𒉌 𒉍 𒉎 𒉏
U+1225x 𒉐 𒉑 𒉒 𒉓 𒉔 𒉕 𒉖 𒉗 𒉘 𒉙 𒉚 𒉛 𒉜 𒉝 𒉞 𒉟
U+1226x 𒉠 𒉡 𒉢 𒉣 𒉤 𒉥 𒉦 𒉧 𒉨 𒉩 𒉪 𒉫 𒉬 𒉭 𒉮 𒉯
U+1227x 𒉰 𒉱 𒉲 𒉳 𒉴 𒉵 𒉶 𒉷 𒉸 𒉹 𒉺 𒉻 𒉼 𒉽 𒉾 𒉿
U+1228x 𒊀 𒊁 𒊂 𒊃 𒊄 𒊅 𒊆 𒊇 𒊈 𒊉 𒊊 𒊋 𒊌 𒊍 𒊎 𒊏
U+1229x 𒊐 𒊑 𒊒 𒊓 𒊔 𒊕 𒊖 𒊗 𒊘 𒊙 𒊚 𒊛 𒊜 𒊝 𒊞 𒊟
U+122Ax 𒊠 𒊡 𒊢 𒊣 𒊤 𒊥 𒊦 𒊧 𒊨 𒊩 𒊪 𒊫 𒊬 𒊭 𒊮 𒊯
U+122Bx 𒊰 𒊱 𒊲 𒊳 𒊴 𒊵 𒊶 𒊷 𒊸 𒊹 𒊺 𒊻 𒊼 𒊽 𒊾 𒊿
U+122Cx 𒋀 𒋁 𒋂 𒋃 𒋄 𒋅 𒋆 𒋇 𒋈 𒋉 𒋊 𒋋 𒋌 𒋍 𒋎 𒋏
U+122Dx 𒋐 𒋑 𒋒 𒋓 𒋔 𒋕 𒋖 𒋗 𒋘 𒋙 𒋚 𒋛 𒋜 𒋝 𒋞 𒋟
U+122Ex 𒋠 𒋡 𒋢 𒋣 𒋤 𒋥 𒋦 𒋧 𒋨 𒋩 𒋪 𒋫 𒋬 𒋭 𒋮 𒋯
U+122Fx 𒋰 𒋱 𒋲 𒋳 𒋴 𒋵 𒋶 𒋷 𒋸 𒋹 𒋺 𒋻 𒋼 𒋽 𒋾 𒋿
U+1230x 𒌀 𒌁 𒌂 𒌃 𒌄 𒌅 𒌆 𒌇 𒌈 𒌉 𒌊 𒌋 𒌌 𒌍 𒌎 𒌏
U+1231x 𒌐 𒌑 𒌒 𒌓 𒌔 𒌕 𒌖 𒌗 𒌘 𒌙 𒌚 𒌛 𒌜 𒌝 𒌞 𒌟
U+1232x 𒌠 𒌡 𒌢 𒌣 𒌤 𒌥 𒌦 𒌧 𒌨 𒌩 𒌪 𒌫 𒌬 𒌭 𒌮 𒌯
U+1233x 𒌰 𒌱 𒌲 𒌳 𒌴 𒌵 𒌶 𒌷 𒌸 𒌹 𒌺 𒌻 𒌼 𒌽 𒌾 𒌿
U+1234x 𒍀 𒍁 𒍂 𒍃 𒍄 𒍅 𒍆 𒍇 𒍈 𒍉 𒍊 𒍋 𒍌 𒍍 𒍎 𒍏
U+1235x 𒍐 𒍑 𒍒 𒍓 𒍔 𒍕 𒍖 𒍗 𒍘 𒍙 𒍚 𒍛 𒍜 𒍝 𒍞 𒍟
U+1236x 𒍠 𒍡 𒍢 𒍣 𒍤 𒍥 𒍦 𒍧 𒍨 𒍩 𒍪 𒍫 𒍬 𒍭 𒍮 𒍯
U+1237x 𒍰 𒍱 𒍲 𒍳 𒍴 𒍵 𒍶 𒍷 𒍸 𒍹 𒍺 𒍻 𒍼 𒍽 𒍾 𒍿
U+1238x 𒎀 𒎁 𒎂 𒎃 𒎄 𒎅 𒎆 𒎇 𒎈 𒎉 𒎊 𒎋 𒎌 𒎍 𒎎 𒎏
U+1239x 𒎐 𒎑 𒎒 𒎓 𒎔 𒎕 𒎖 𒎗 𒎘 𒎙
U+123Ax
U+123Bx
U+123Cx
U+123Dx
U+123Ex
U+123Fx
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 13.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Cuneiform block:

VersionFinal code points[lower-alpha 1]CountL2 IDWG2 IDDocument
5.0U+12000..122D3, 122D6..1236E877L2/00-128Bunz, Carl-Martin (2000-03-01), Scripts from the Past in Future Versions of Unicode
L2/00-153Bunz, Carl-Martin (2000-04-26), Further comments on historic scripts
L2/00-398Snyder, Dean (2000-11-07), Cuneiform: From Clay Tablet to Computer
L2/00-419N2297Everson, Michael (2000-11-20), Legacy cuneiform font implementations and the ICE project
L2/03-162N2585Everson, Michael; Feuerherm, Karljürgen (2003-05-25), Basic principles for the encoding of Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform
L2/03-415Snyder, Dean (2003-11-01), Proposal to Encode the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform Script in the UCS
L2/03-393RN2664REverson, Michael; Feuerherm, Karljürgen; Tinney, Steve (2003-11-03), Preliminary proposal to encode Cuneiform script in the SMP of the UCS
L2/03-416Anderson, Lloyd (2003-11-03), The Cuneiform Encoding Proposal -- a View of its Current Status
L2/04-080Tinney, Steve (2004-01-24), Rationale for changes to N2664R
L2/04-036N2698Everson, Michael; Feuerherm, Karljürgen; Tinney, Steve (2004-01-29), Revised proposal to encode Cuneiform script in the SMP of the UCS
L2/04-041Anderson, Lloyd (2004-01-29), Fitting Cuneiform Encoding to Cuneiform Script
L2/04-059Feuerherm, Karljürgen (2004-01-30), Short Response to L2/04-041 "Fitting Cuneiform Encoding to Cuneiform Script"
L2/04-063Gewecke, Tom (2004-01-30), Re: Cuneiform at UTC
L2/04-056Veldhuis, Niek (2004-01-31), Letter re "Cuneiform Unicode"
L2/04-057Jones, Charles E. (2004-02-01), Letter re "Cuneiform"
L2/04-058Michalowski, Piotr (2004-02-01), Letter re "cuneiform unicode"
L2/04-064Cooper, Jerry (2004-02-01), Letter re "unicode proposal"
L2/04-066Durusau, Patrick (2004-02-02), Letter re "Proposal N2698"
L2/04-081Black, Jeremy (2004-02-02), Letter re "cuneiform Unicode proposal"
L2/04-086Anderson, Lloyd (2004-02-03), Notes for verbal presentation to UTC meeting, 3 February 2004
L2/04-099Anderson, Lloyd (2004-02-09), Unification of cuneiform numbers
L2/04-225Anderson, Lloyd (2004-06-07), Proposed modifications to introductory text of N2798 = L204-189 Proposal for Cuneiform Encoding
L2/04-189N2786Everson, Michael; Feuerherm, Karljürgen; Tinney, Steve (2004-06-08), Final proposal to encode Cuneiform script
L2/04-223RAnderson, Lloyd (2004-06-11), Proposed modifications to delete and add signs to N2798 = L204-189 Proposal for Cuneiform Encoding
L2/04-354McGowan, Rick (2004-09-20), Cuneiform Properties
L2/05-135Tinney, Steve (2005-05-10), Corrections to N2786
L2/05-174Everson, Michael (2005-07-28), Irish comments on Cuneiform
L2/05-108RMoore, Lisa (2005-08-26), "Cuneiform (C.17)", UTC #103 Minutes
N2953 (pdf, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "M47.12", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15
L2/12-328Anderson, Deborah (2012-10-16), Numeric value fixes for two cuneiform characters
U+122D4..122D52L2/12-002N4178REverson, Michael; Tinney, Steve (2012-01-16), Proposal for additions and corrections to Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform
L2/12-207RN4277REverson, Michael; Tinney, Steve (2012-07-31), Proposal for additions and corrections to Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform
L2/12-239Moore, Lisa (2012-08-14), "C.3", UTC #132 Minutes
7.0U+1236F..1239842L2/12-002N4178REverson, Michael; Tinney, Steve (2012-01-16), Proposal for additions and corrections to Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform
L2/12-207RN4277REverson, Michael; Tinney, Steve (2012-07-31), Proposal for additions and corrections to Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform
L2/12-239Moore, Lisa (2012-08-14), "C.3", UTC #132 Minutes
8.0U+12399[lower-alpha 2]1L2/13-196N4493Everson, Michael (2013-10-28), Request to add one Cuneiform character to the UCS
L2/13-200Moore, Lisa (2013-11-18), "C.8", UTC #137 Minutes
N4553 (pdf, doc)Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2014-09-16), "M62.01a, M62.01f", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 62 Adobe, San Jose, CA, USA
  1. Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names
  2. See also L2/12-207R

See also

References

Citations

  1. "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  2. "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  3. Cuneiform Unicode.org chart (PDF)
  4. Unicode cuneiform
  5. L. Anderson, June 2004
  6. (after Anderson's sign list Archived 2010-04-08 at the Wayback Machine)

Bibliography

Font packages

  • Akkadian (reproduces the Sumerian (3rd millennium BC) glyphs given in the Unicode (reference chart), by George Douros.
  • FreeIdgSerif (branched off FreeSerif), encodes some 390 Old Assyrian (2nd millennium BC) glyphs used in Hittite cuneiform. (in German)
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