ISO 15924

ISO 15924, Codes for the representation of names of scripts, defines two sets of codes for a number of writing systems (scripts). Each script is given both a four-letter code and a numeric one.[1] Script is defined as "set of graphic characters used for the written form of one or more languages".[1]

Where possible the codes are derived from ISO 639-2 where the name of a script and the name of a language using the script are identical (example: Gujarātī ISO 639 guj, ISO 15924 Gujr). Preference is given to the 639-2 Bibliographical codes, which is different from the otherwise often preferred use of the Terminological codes.[1]

4-letter ISO 15924 codes are incorporated into the Language Subtag Registry for IETF language tags and so can be used in file formats that make use of such language tags. For example, they can be used in HTML and XML to help Web browsers determine which typeface to use for foreign text. This way one could differentiate, for example, between Serbian written in the Cyrillic (sr-Cyrl) or Latin (sr-Latn) script, or mark romanized text as such.

Maintenance

ISO appointed the Unicode Consortium as the Registration Authority (RA) for the standard. The RA is responsible for appointing a registrar who works with a Joint Advisory Committee (JAC) in developing and implementing the standard. The registrar from 2004 to 2018 was Michael Everson, and from January 2019 the registrar has been Markus Scherer, a technical director of the Unicode Consortium.[2][3] The JAC consists of six members: one representative of the RA (Markus Scherer), one representative of ISO 639-2 (Randall K. Barry of the Library of Congress), one representative of ISO TC37 (Christian Galinski), one representative of ISO TC46 (Peeter Päll), and two representatives of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 (Rick McGowan and Ken Whistler, both also officers of the Unicode Consortium).[4]

Script codes

Numeric ranges

Special codes

  • Qaaa–Qabx (900–949): 50 Codes reserved for private use
  • Zsye 993: Emoji
  • Zinh 994: Code for inherited script[lower-alpha 1]
  • Zmth 995: Mathematical notation
  • Zsym 996: Symbols
  • Zxxx 997: Code for unwritten languages
  • Zyyy 998: Code for undetermined script
  • Zzzz 999: Code for uncoded script

Exceptionally reserved codes

Two four-letter codes are reserved at the request of the Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) project:[7]

  • Root: Reserved for the language-neutral base of the CLDR locale tree
  • True: Reserved for the boolean value "true"

List of codes

This list of codes is from the ISO 15924 standard.[7]

ISO 15924 Script in Unicode[e]
Code ISO formal name Directionality Unicode Alias[f] Version Characters Notes Description
Adlm Adlam R-to-L Adlam 9.0 88 Ch 19.9
Afak Afaka Varies ZZ Not in Unicode, proposal is explored[8]
Aghb Caucasian Albanian L-to-R Caucasian Albanian 7.0 53 Ancient/historic Ch 8.10
Ahom Ahom, Tai Ahom L-to-R Ahom 8.0 58 Ancient/historic Ch 15.15
Arab Arabic R-to-L Arabic 1.0 1,291 Ch 9.2
Aran Arabic (Nastaliq variant) Mixed ZZ Typographic variant of Arabic (§ Arab)
Armi Imperial Aramaic R-to-L Imperial Aramaic 5.2 31 Ancient/historic Ch 10.4
Armn Armenian L-to-R Armenian 1.0 96 Ch 7.6
Avst Avestan R-to-L Avestan 5.2 61 Ancient/historic Ch 10.7
Bali Balinese L-to-R Balinese 5.0 121 Ch 17.3
Bamu Bamum L-to-R Bamum 5.2 657 Ch 19.6
Bass Bassa Vah L-to-R Bassa Vah 7.0 36 Ancient/historic Ch 19.7
Batk Batak L-to-R Batak 6.0 56 Ch 17.6
Beng Bengali (Bangla) L-to-R Bengali 1.0 96 Ch 12.2
Bhks Bhaiksuki L-to-R Bhaiksuki 9.0 97 Ancient/historic Ch 14.3
Blis Blissymbols Varies ZZ Not in Unicode, proposal is explored[8]
Bopo Bopomofo L-to-R Bopomofo 1.0 77 Ch 18.3
Brah Brahmi L-to-R Brahmi 6.0 109 Ancient/historic Ch 14.1
Brai Braille L-to-R Braille 3.0 256 Ch 21.1
Bugi Buginese L-to-R Buginese 4.1 30 Ch 17.2
Buhd Buhid L-to-R Buhid 3.2 20 Ch 17.1
Cakm Chakma L-to-R Chakma 6.1 71 Ch 13.11
Cans Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics L-to-R Canadian Aboriginal 3.0 710 Ch 20.2
Cari Carian L-to-R Carian 5.1 49 Ancient/historic Ch 8.4
Cham Cham L-to-R Cham 5.1 83 Ch 16.10
Cher Cherokee L-to-R Cherokee 3.0 172 Ch 20.1
Chrs Chorasmian Mixed Chorasmian 13.0 28 Ancient/historic Ch 10.8
Cirt Cirth Varies ZZ Not in Unicode
Copt Coptic L-to-R Coptic 1.0 137 Ancient/historic, Disunified from Greek in 4.1 Ch 7.3
Cpmn Cypro-Minoan L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Cprt Cypriot syllabary R-to-L Cypriot 4.0 55 Ancient/historic Ch 8.3
Cyrl Cyrillic L-to-R Cyrillic 1.0 443 Includes typographic variant Old Church Slavonic (§ Cyrs) Ch 7.4
Cyrs Cyrillic (Old Church Slavonic variant) Varies ZZ Typographic variant of Cyrillic (§ Cyrl) Ancient/historic
Deva Devanagari (Nagari) L-to-R Devanagari 1.0 154 Ch 12.1
Diak Dives Akuru L-to-R Dives Akuru 13.0 72 Ancient/historic Ch 15.14
Dogr Dogra L-to-R Dogra 11.0 60 Ancient/historic Ch 15.17
Dsrt Deseret (Mormon) L-to-R Deseret 3.1 80 Ch 20.4
Dupl Duployan shorthand, Duployan stenography L-to-R Duployan 7.0 143 Ch 21.5
Egyd Egyptian demotic Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode
Egyh Egyptian hieratic Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode
Egyp Egyptian hieroglyphs L-to-R Egyptian Hieroglyphs 5.2 1,080 Ancient/historic Ch 11.4
Elba Elbasan L-to-R Elbasan 7.0 40 Ancient/historic Ch 8.9
Elym Elymaic R-to-L Elymaic 12.0 23 Ancient/historic Ch 10.9
Ethi Ethiopic (Geʻez) L-to-R Ethiopic 3.0 495 Ch 19.1
Geok Khutsuri (Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri) L-to-R Georgian Unicode groups "Khutsori", "Asomtavruli" and "Nuskhuri" into 'Georgian' (§ Geok). Also "Mkhedruli" and "Mtavruli" are 'Georgian' (§ Geor) Ch 7.7
Geor Georgian (Mkhedruli and Mtavruli) L-to-R Georgian 1.0 173 In Unicode, also includes Geok (Nuskhuri) Ch 7.7
Glag Glagolitic L-to-R Glagolitic 4.1 132 Ancient/historic Ch 7.5
Gong Gunjala Gondi L-to-R Gunjala Gondi 11.0 63 Ch 13.15
Gonm Masaram Gondi L-to-R Masaram Gondi 10.0 75 Ch 13.14
Goth Gothic L-to-R Gothic 3.1 27 Ancient/historic Ch 8.8
Gran Grantha L-to-R Grantha 7.0 85 Ancient/historic Ch 15.13
Grek Greek L-to-R Greek 1.0 518 Directionality sometimes as boustrophedon Ch 7.2
Gujr Gujarati L-to-R Gujarati 1.0 91 Ch 12.4
Guru Gurmukhi L-to-R Gurmukhi 1.0 80 Ch 12.3
Hanb Han with Bopomofo (alias for Han + Bopomofo) Varies ZZ See § Hani, § Bopo
Hang Hangul (Hangŭl, Hangeul) L-to-R Hangul 1.0 11,739 Hangul syllables relocated in 2.0 Ch 18.6
Hani Han (Hanzi, Kanji, Hanja) L-to-R Han 1.0 94,204 Ch 18.1
Hano Hanunoo (Hanunóo) L-to-R Hanunoo 3.2 21 Ch 17.1
Hans Han (Simplified variant) Varies ZZ Subset of Han (Hanzi, Kanji, Hanja) (§ Hani)
Hant Han (Traditional variant) Varies ZZ Subset of § Hani
Hatr Hatran R-to-L Hatran 8.0 26 Ancient/historic Ch 10.12
Hebr Hebrew R-to-L Hebrew 1.0 134 Ch 9.1
Hira Hiragana L-to-R Hiragana 1.0 379 Ch 18.4
Hluw Anatolian Hieroglyphs (Luwian Hieroglyphs, Hittite Hieroglyphs) L-to-R Anatolian Hieroglyphs 8.0 583 Ancient/historic Ch 11.6
Hmng Pahawh Hmong L-to-R Pahawh Hmong 7.0 127 Ch 16.11
Hmnp Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong L-to-R Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong 12.0 71 Ch 16.12
Hrkt Japanese syllabaries (alias for Hiragana + Katakana) Varies Katakana or Hiragana See § Hira, § Kana Ch 18.4
Hung Old Hungarian (Hungarian Runic) R-to-L Old Hungarian 8.0 108 Ancient/historic Ch 8.7
Inds Indus (Harappan) Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode, proposal is explored[8]
Ital Old Italic (Etruscan, Oscan, etc.) L-to-R Old Italic 3.1 39 Ancient/historic Ch 8.5
Jamo Jamo (alias for Jamo subset of Hangul) Varies ZZ Subset of § Hang
Java Javanese L-to-R Javanese 5.2 90 Ch 17.4
Jpan Japanese (alias for Han + Hiragana + Katakana) Varies ZZ See § Hani, § Hira and § Kana
Jurc Jurchen L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Kali Kayah Li L-to-R Kayah Li 5.1 47 Ch 16.9
Kana Katakana L-to-R Katakana 1.0 304 Ch 18.4
Khar Kharoshthi R-to-L Kharoshthi 4.1 68 Ancient/historic Ch 14.2
Khmr Khmer L-to-R Khmer 3.0 146 Ch 16.4
Khoj Khojki L-to-R Khojki 7.0 62 Ancient/historic Ch 15.7
Kitl Khitan large script L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Kits Khitan small script T-to-B Khitan Small Script 13.0 471 Ancient/historic Ch 18.12
Knda Kannada L-to-R Kannada 1.0 89 Ch 12.8
Kore Korean (alias for Hangul + Han) L-to-R ZZ See § Hani, § Hang
Kpel Kpelle L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode, proposal is explored[8]
Kthi Kaithi L-to-R Kaithi 5.2 67 Ancient/historic Ch 15.2
Lana Tai Tham (Lanna) L-to-R Tai Tham 5.2 127 Ch 16.7
Laoo Lao L-to-R Lao 1.0 82 Ch 16.2
Latf Latin (Fraktur variant) Varies ZZ Typographic variant of Latin (§ Latn)
Latg Latin (Gaelic variant) L-to-R ZZ Typographic variant of Latin (§ Latn)
Latn Latin L-to-R Latin 1.0 1,374 See also: Latin script in Unicode Ch 7.1
Leke Leke L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Lepc Lepcha (Róng) L-to-R Lepcha 5.1 74 Ch 13.12
Limb Limbu L-to-R Limbu 4.0 68 Ch 13.6
Lina Linear A L-to-R Linear A 7.0 341 Ancient/historic Ch 8.1
Linb Linear B L-to-R Linear B 4.0 211 Ancient/historic Ch 8.2
Lisu Lisu (Fraser) L-to-R Lisu 5.2 49 Ch 18.9
Loma Loma L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode, proposal is explored[8]
Lyci Lycian L-to-R Lycian 5.1 29 Ancient/historic Ch 8.4
Lydi Lydian R-to-L Lydian 5.1 27 Ancient/historic Ch 8.4
Mahj Mahajani L-to-R Mahajani 7.0 39 Ancient/historic Ch 15.6
Maka Makasar L-to-R Makasar 11.0 25 Ancient/historic Ch 17.8
Mand Mandaic, Mandaean R-to-L Mandaic 6.0 29 Ch 9.5
Mani Manichaean R-to-L Manichaean 7.0 51 Ancient/historic Ch 10.5
Marc Marchen L-to-R Marchen 9.0 68 Ancient/historic Ch 14.5
Maya Mayan hieroglyphs Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode
Medf Medefaidrin (Oberi Okaime, Oberi Ɔkaimɛ) L-to-R Medefaidrin 11.0 91 Ch 19.10
Mend Mende Kikakui R-to-L Mende Kikakui 7.0 213 Ch 19.8
Merc Meroitic Cursive R-to-L Meroitic Cursive 6.1 90 Ancient/historic Ch 11.5
Mero Meroitic Hieroglyphs R-to-L Meroitic Hieroglyphs 6.1 32 Ancient/historic Ch 11.5
Mlym Malayalam L-to-R Malayalam 1.0 118 Ch 12.9
Modi Modi, Moḍī L-to-R Modi 7.0 79 Ancient/historic Ch 15.11
Mong Mongolian T-to-B Mongolian 3.0 167 Mong includes Clear and Manchu scripts Ch 13.5
Moon Moon (Moon code, Moon script, Moon type) Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode, proposal is explored[8]
Mroo Mro, Mru L-to-R Mro 7.0 43 Ch 13.8
Mtei Meitei Mayek (Meithei, Meetei) L-to-R Meetei Mayek 5.2 79 Ch 13.7
Mult Multani L-to-R Multani 8.0 38 Ancient/historic Ch 15.9
Mymr Myanmar (Burmese) L-to-R Myanmar 3.0 223 Ch 16.3
Nand Nandinagari L-to-R Nandinagari 12.0 65 Ancient/historic Ch 15.12
Narb Old North Arabian (Ancient North Arabian) R-to-L Old North Arabian 7.0 32 Ancient/historic Ch 10.1
Nbat Nabataean R-to-L Nabataean 7.0 40 Ancient/historic Ch 10.10
Newa Newa, Newar, Newari, Nepāla lipi L-to-R Newa 9.0 97 Ch 13.3
Nkdb Naxi Dongba (na²¹ɕi³³ to³³ba²¹, Nakhi Tomba) L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Nkgb Nakhi Geba (na²¹ɕi³³ gʌ²¹ba²¹, 'Na-'Khi ²Ggŏ-¹baw, Nakhi Geba) L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode, proposal is explored[8]
Nkoo N’Ko R-to-L NKo 5.0 62 Ch 19.4
Nshu Nüshu L-to-R Nushu 10.0 397 Ch 18.8
Ogam Ogham Mixed Ogham 3.0 29 Ancient/historic Ch 8.12
Olck Ol Chiki (Ol Cemet’, Ol, Santali) L-to-R Ol Chiki 5.1 48 Ch 13.10
Orkh Old Turkic, Orkhon Runic R-to-L Old Turkic 5.2 73 Ancient/historic Ch 14.8
Orya Oriya (Odia) L-to-R Oriya 1.0 91 Ch 12.5
Osge Osage L-to-R Osage 9.0 72 Ch 20.3
Osma Osmanya L-to-R Osmanya 4.0 40 Ch 19.2
Ougr Old Uyghur Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode
Palm Palmyrene R-to-L Palmyrene 7.0 32 Ancient/historic Ch 10.11
Pauc Pau Cin Hau L-to-R Pau Cin Hau 7.0 57 Ch 16.13
Pcun Proto-Cuneiform L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Pelm Proto-Elamite L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Perm Old Permic L-to-R Old Permic 7.0 43 Ancient/historic Ch 8.11
Phag Phags-pa T-to-B Phags-pa 5.0 56 Ancient/historic Ch 14.4
Phli Inscriptional Pahlavi R-to-L Inscriptional Pahlavi 5.2 27 Ancient/historic Ch 10.6
Phlp Psalter Pahlavi R-to-L Psalter Pahlavi 7.0 29 Ancient/historic Ch 10.6
Phlv Book Pahlavi Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode
Phnx Phoenician R-to-L Phoenician 5.0 29 Ancient/historic[g] Ch 10.3
Piqd Klingon (KLI pIqaD) L-to-R ZZ Rejected for inclusion in Unicode[9][10]
Plrd Miao (Pollard) L-to-R Miao 6.1 149 Ch 18.10
Prti Inscriptional Parthian R-to-L Inscriptional Parthian 5.2 30 Ancient/historic Ch 10.6
Psin Proto-Sinaitic Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode
Qaaa-Qabx Reserved for private use (range) ZZ Not in Unicode
Ranj Ranjana L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Rjng Rejang (Redjang, Kaganga) L-to-R Rejang 5.1 37 Ch 17.5
Rohg Hanifi Rohingya R-to-L Hanifi Rohingya 11.0 50 Ch 16.14
Roro Rongorongo Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode, proposal is explored[8]
Runr Runic L-to-R Runic 3.0 86 Ancient/historic Ch 8.6
Samr Samaritan R-to-L Samaritan 5.2 61 Ch 9.4
Sara Sarati Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode
Sarb Old South Arabian R-to-L Old South Arabian 5.2 32 Ancient/historic Ch 10.2
Saur Saurashtra L-to-R Saurashtra 5.1 82 Ch 13.13
Sgnw SignWriting T-to-B SignWriting 8.0 672 Ch 21.6
Shaw Shavian (Shaw) L-to-R Shavian 4.0 48 Ch 8.13
Shrd Sharada, Śāradā L-to-R Sharada 6.1 96 Ch 15.3
Shui Shuishu L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Sidd Siddham, Siddhaṃ, Siddhamātṛkā L-to-R Siddham 7.0 92 Ancient/historic Ch 15.5
Sind Khudawadi, Sindhi L-to-R Khudawadi 7.0 69 Ch 15.8
Sinh Sinhala L-to-R Sinhala 3.0 111 Ch 13.2
Sogd Sogdian R-to-L Sogdian 11.0 42 Ancient/historic Ch 14.10
Sogo Old Sogdian R-to-L Old Sogdian 11.0 40 Ancient/historic Ch 14.9
Sora Sora Sompeng L-to-R Sora Sompeng 6.1 35 Ch 15.16
Soyo Soyombo L-to-R Soyombo 10.0 83 Ancient/historic Ch 14.7
Sund Sundanese L-to-R Sundanese 5.1 72 Ch 17.7
Sylo Syloti Nagri L-to-R Syloti Nagri 4.1 45 Ancient/historic Ch 15.1
Syrc Syriac R-to-L Syriac 3.0 88 Includes typographic variants Estrangelo (§ Syre), Western (§ Syrj), and Eastern (§ Syrn) Ch 9.3
Syre Syriac (Estrangelo variant) Mixed ZZ Typographic variant of Syriac (§ Syrc)
Syrj Syriac (Western variant) Mixed ZZ Typographic variant of Syriac (§ Syrc)
Syrn Syriac (Eastern variant) Mixed ZZ Typographic variant of Syriac (§ Syrc)
Tagb Tagbanwa L-to-R Tagbanwa 3.2 18 Ch 17.1
Takr Takri, Ṭākrī, Ṭāṅkrī L-to-R Takri 6.1 67 Ch 15.4
Tale Tai Le L-to-R Tai Le 4.0 35 Ch 16.5
Talu New Tai Lue L-to-R New Tai Lue 4.1 83 Ch 16.6
Taml Tamil L-to-R Tamil 1.0 123 Ch 12.6
Tang Tangut L-to-R Tangut 9.0 6,914 Ancient/historic Ch 18.11
Tavt Tai Viet L-to-R Tai Viet 5.2 72 Ch 16.8
Telu Telugu L-to-R Telugu 1.0 98 Ch 12.7
Teng Tengwar L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Tfng Tifinagh (Berber) L-to-R Tifinagh 4.1 59 Ch 19.3
Tglg Tagalog (Baybayin, Alibata) L-to-R Tagalog 3.2 20 Ch 17.1
Thaa Thaana R-to-L Thaana 3.0 50 Ch 13.1
Thai Thai L-to-R Thai 1.0 86 Ch 16.1
Tibt Tibetan L-to-R Tibetan 2.0 207 Added in 1.0, removed in 1.1 and reintroduced in 2.0 Ch 13.4
Tirh Tirhuta L-to-R Tirhuta 7.0 82 Ch 15.10
Toto Toto L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Ugar Ugaritic L-to-R Ugaritic 4.0 31 Ancient/historic Ch 11.2
Vaii Vai L-to-R Vai 5.1 300 Ch 19.5
Visp Visible Speech L-to-R ZZ Not in Unicode
Wara Warang Citi (Varang Kshiti) L-to-R Warang Citi 7.0 84 Ch 13.9
Wcho Wancho L-to-R Wancho 12.0 59 Ch 13.16
Wole Woleai Mixed ZZ Not in Unicode, proposal is explored[8]
Xpeo Old Persian L-to-R Old Persian 4.1 50 Ancient/historic Ch 11.3
Xsux Cuneiform, Sumero-Akkadian L-to-R Cuneiform 5.0 1,234 Ancient/historic Ch 11.1
Yezi Yezidi R-to-L Yezidi 13.0 47 Ancient/historic Ch 9.6
Yiii Yi L-to-R Yi 3.0 1,220 Ch 18.7
Zanb Zanabazar Square (Zanabazarin Dörböljin Useg, Xewtee Dörböljin Bicig, Horizontal Square Script) L-to-R Zanabazar Square 10.0 72 Ancient/historic Ch 14.6
Zinh Code for inherited script Inherited Inherited 573
Zmth Mathematical notation L-to-R ZZ Not a 'script' in Unicode
Zsym Symbols ZZ Not a 'script' in Unicode
Zsye Symbols (emoji variant) ZZ Not a 'script' in Unicode
Zxxx Code for unwritten documents ZZ Not a 'script' in Unicode
Zyyy Code for undetermined script Mixed Common 8,087
Zzzz Code for uncoded script Unknown 970,188 In Unicode: All other code points
Notes
  1. ^
    ISO 15924 publications As of 25 January 2021
  2. ^
    ISO 15924 Normative text file As of 25 January 2021
  3. ^
    ISO 15924 Changes (including Aliases for Unicode; as of 25 January 2021)
  4. ^
    Unicode version 13.0
  5. ^
  6. ^
    Unicode uses the "Property Value Alias" (Alias) as the script-name. These Alias names are part of Unicode and are published informatively next to ISO 15924. An alias script name may be used in a character name: Palm, Palmyrene U+10860 𐡠 PALMYRENE LETTER ALEPH.
  7. ^
    In Unicode, the Phoenician script is intended for the representation of text in Paleo-Hebrew, Archaic Phoenician, Phoenician, Early Aramaic, Late Phoenician cursive, Phoenician papyri, Siloam Hebrew, Hebrew seals, Ammonite, Moabite, and Punic.[11]

Relations to other standards

The following standards are referred to as indispensable by ISO 15924.

  • ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code
  • ISO/IEC 9541-1:1991 Information technology — Font information interchange — Part 1: Architecture
  • ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000 Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)

For definition of font and glyph the standard refers to

  • ISO/IEC 9541-1:1991

Around 160 scripts are defined in Unicode. Through a linkpin called "Property Value Alias", Unicode has made a 1:1 connection between a script defined, and its ISO 15924 standard. See Script (Unicode).

See also

Notes

  1. According to the Unicode Standard, Annex #24, version 13.0.0 Inherited is the Unicode script property value of "characters that may be used with multiple scripts, and that inherit their script from a preceding base character. These include nonspacing combining marks and enclosing combining marks, as well as U+200C ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER and U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER." The value Inherited is described as matching the ISO 15924 code Zinh.

References

  1. "ISO 15924:2004". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
  2. "ISO 15924 Registration Authority". Unicode Consortium. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  3. "Unicode Directors, Officers and Staff". Unicode Consortium. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  4. "Joint Advisory Committee ISO 15924/RA-JAC". Unicode Consortium. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  5. In July, 2010, Duployan shorthand was assigned code 755, even though the 700-799 range still carried its original designation of (unassigned). Shortly thereafter, Revision 1.1 clarified that codes in the 700s were reserved for "Shorthands and other notations", although that revision is only provisional until it can be confirmed by governing committees.
  6. "ISO 15924:2004 Information and documentation — Codes for the representation of names of scripts". Unicode Consortium. 2004-01-09.
  7. "ISO 15924:2004 – Codes for the representation of names of scripts". Unicode. 2021.
  8. "Proposed New Scripts". Unicode Consortium. 2018-05-25. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  9. Michael Everson (1997-09-18). "Proposal to encode Klingon in Plane 1 of ISO/IEC 10646-2".
  10. The Unicode Consortium (2001-08-14). "Approved Minutes of the UTC 87 / L2 184 Joint Meeting".
  11. "Middle East-II, Ancient Scripts" (PDF). 13.0.0. The Unicode Consortiumtitle=Middle-East scripts II. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
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