Eastern Romance languages
The Eastern Romance languages[1] are a group of Romance languages. Today, the group consists of the Balkan Romance (also known as Daco-Romance[1]) subgroup which comprises the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian), Aromanian language (Macedo-Romanian) and two other related minor languages, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian; and the Castelmezzano dialect, in southern Italy.[2][3][4]
| Eastern Romance | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Balkans and part of Eastern Europe, western Basilicata (Italy) |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | east2714 |
Some classifications also include the extinct Dalmatian language (otherwise included in the Italo-Dalmatian group) as part of the Balkan Romance subgroup,[5][6][7] considering Dalmatian a bridge between Italian and Romanian.[8][9]
Samples of Eastern Romance languages
Note: the lexicon used below is not universally recognized
| Istro-Romanian[10][11][12] | Aromanian[13][14] | Megleno-Romanian[15] | Romanian | Italian | Spanish | Portuguese | French | Latin | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pićor | cicior | picior | picior | gamba | (pierna) | perna | jambe | petiolus/gamba | leg |
| kľeptu | cheptu | kľeptu | piept | petto | pecho | peito | poitrine | pectus | chest |
| bire | ghine | bini | bine | bene | bien | bem | bien | bene | well, good |
| bľerå | azghirari | zber | zbiera | ruggire | rugir | rugir | rugir | bēlāre/rugīre | to roar |
| fiľu | hilj | iľu | fiu | figlio | hijo | filho | fils | filius | son |
| fiľa | hilje | iľe | fiică | figlia | hija | filha | fille | fīlia | daughter |
| ficåt | hicat | ficat | fegato | hígado | fígado | foie | fīcātum | liver | |
| fi | hire | ire | fi | essere | ser | ser | être | fuī/esse/sum | to be |
| fľer | heru | ieru | fier | ferro | hierro | ferro | fer | ferrum | iron |
| vițelu | yitsãl | vițål | vițel | vitello | (ternero) | vitelo | veau | vitellus | calf |
| (g)ľerm | iermu | ghiarmi | vierme | verme | verme (gusano) | verme | ver | vermis | worm |
| viu | yiu | ghiu | viu | vivo | vivo | vivo | vivant | vīvus/vīvēns | alive |
| vipt | yiptu | vipt | cibo (vitto) | comida (victo) | comida (vitualha) | victuaille (archaic) | victus | food, grain, victuals | |
| mľe(lu) | njel | m'iel | miel | agnello | (cordero), añal (archaic) | cordeiro | agneau | agnellus | lamb |
| mľåre | njare | m'ari | miere | miele | miel | mel | miel | mel | honey |
References
- Schulte 2009, p. 230.
- Hammarström 2019, .
- Agard 1984, p. 250.
- Hall 1950, p. 16.
- Swiggers 2011, p. 272.
- Sampson 1999, p. 298.
- Hall 1950, p. 24.
- Posner 1996, p. 195.
- Harris 1997, p. 22.
- Bărdășan, Gabriel (2011), Lexicul Istroromân Moștenit din Latină. Suprapuneri și Diferențieri Interdialectale [Istro-Romanian vocabulary inherited from Latin. Interdialectal Overlaps and Differentiations] (in Romanian), archived from the original on 2019-07-25, retrieved 2019-09-01 – via diacronia.ro
- Dănilă, Ioan (2007), "Istroromâna în viziunea lui Traian Cantemir", The Proceedings of the “European Integration – Between Tradition and Modernity” Congress [Istro-Romanian in the vision of Traian Cantemir] (in Romanian), 2, pp. 224–231, archived from the original on 2019-07-25, retrieved 2019-09-01 – via diacronia.ro
- Burlacu, Mihai (2010). "Istro-Romanians: The Legacy of a Culture". The IstroRomanian in Croatia.
- Marioțeanu, Matilda Caragiu, "Dialectul Aromân" [The Aromanian Dialect] (PDF), Proiect Avdhela – Biblioteca Culturii Aromâne (in Romanian), archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-10-24, retrieved 2019-09-01
- Vătășescu, Cătălina (2017), "Atlasul lingvistic al dialectului aromân, bază pentru cercetarea raporturilor aromâno-albaneze" [The linguistic atlas of the Aromanian dialect as a ground for a comparative research with the Albanian language], Fonetică și dialectologie (in Romanian), XXXVI, pp. 215–221, archived from the original on 2019-07-25, retrieved 2019-09-01 – via diacronia.ro
- Dialectul Meglenoromân (PDF), archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-25, retrieved 2019-09-01
Sources
- Agard, Frederick Browning (1984). A Course in Romance Linguistics Volume 2: A Diachronic View. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 0-87840-074-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hall, Robert A., Jr. (1950). "The Reconstruction of Proto-Romance". Language. Linguistic Society of America. 26 (1): 6–27. doi:10.2307/410406.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Harris, Martin (1997). "The Romance Languages". In Harris, Martin; Vincent, Nigel (eds.). The Romance Languages. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1–25. ISBN 978-0-415-16417-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (2019). "Catalogue of languages and families". Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Archived from the original on 2020-05-02. Retrieved 2019-07-15.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Posner, Rebecca (1996). The Romance Languages. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52-128139-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Sampson, Rodney (1999). Nasal Vowel Evolution in Romance. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-823848-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Schulte, Kim (2009). "Loanwords in Romanian". In Haspelmath, Martin; Tadmor, Uri (eds.). Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 230–259. ISBN 978-3-11-021843-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Swiggers, Pierre (2011). "Mapping the Romance Languages of Europe". In Lameli, Alfred; Kehrein, Roland; Rabanus, Stefan (eds.). Language Mapping: Part I. Part II: Maps. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 269–301. ISBN 978-3-11-021916-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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