Engineering statistics

Engineering statistics combines engineering and statistics using scientific methods for analyzing data. Engineering statistics involves data concerning manufacturing processes such as: component dimensions, tolerances, type of material, and fabrication process control. There are many methods used in engineering analysis and they are often displayed as histograms to give a visual of the data as opposed to being just numerical. Examples of methods are:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  1. Design of Experiments (DOE) is a methodology for formulating scientific and engineering problems using statistical models. The protocol specifies a randomization procedure for the experiment and specifies the primary data-analysis, particularly in hypothesis testing. In a secondary analysis, the statistical analyst further examines the data to suggest other questions and to help plan future experiments. In engineering applications, the goal is often to optimize a process or product, rather than to subject a scientific hypothesis to test of its predictive adequacy.[1][2][3] The use of optimal (or near optimal) designs reduces the cost of experimentation.[2][7]
  2. Quality control and process control use statistics as a tool to manage conformance to specifications of manufacturing processes and their products.[1][2][3]
  3. Time and methods engineering use statistics to study repetitive operations in manufacturing in order to set standards and find optimum (in some sense) manufacturing procedures.
  4. Reliability engineering which measures the ability of a system to perform for its intended function (and time) and has tools for improving performance.[2][8][9][10]
  5. Probabilistic design involving the use of probability in product and system design
  6. System identification uses statistical methods to build mathematical models of dynamical systems from measured data. System identification also includes the optimal design of experiments for efficiently generating informative data for fitting such models.[11][12]

History

Engineering statistics dates back to 1000 B.C. when the Abacus was developed as means to calculate numerical data. In the 1600s, the development of information processing to systematically analyze and process data began. In 1654, the Slide Rule technique was developed by Robert Bissaker for advanced data calculations. In 1833, a British mathematician named Charles Babbage designed the idea of an automatic computer which inspired developers at Harvard University and IBM to design the first mechanical automatic-sequence-controlled calculator called MARK I. The integration of computers and calculators into the industry brought about a more efficient means of analyzing data and the beginning of engineering statistics.[13][6][14]

Notes
  1. Box, G. E., Hunter,W.G., Hunter, J.S., Hunter,W.G., "Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery", 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2005, ISBN 0-471-71813-0
  2. Wu, C. F. Jeff; Hamada, Michael (2002). Experiments: Planning, Analysis, and Parameter Design Optimization. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-25511-4.
  3. Logothetis, N. and Wynn, H. P (1989). Quality Through Design: Experimental Design, Off-line Quality Control, and Taguchi's Contributions. Oxford U. P. ISBN 0-19-851993-1.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. Hogg, Robert V. and Ledolter, J. (1992). Applied Statistics for Engineers and Physical Scientists. Macmillan, New York.
  5. Walpole, Ronald; Myers, Raymond; Ye, Keying. Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists. Pearson Education, 2002, 7th edition, pg. 237
  6. Rao, Singiresu (2002). Applied Numerical Methods of Engineers and Scientists. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 013089480X.
  7. Atkinson, A. C. and Donev, A. N. and Tobias, R. D. (2007). Optimum Experimental Designs, with SAS. Oxford University Press. pp. 511+xvi. ISBN 978-0-19-929660-6.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  8. Barlow, Richard E. (1998). Engineering reliability. ASA-SIAM Series on Statistics and Applied Probability. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA; American Statistical Association, Alexandria, VA. pp. xx+199. ISBN 0-89871-405-2. MR 1621421.
  9. Nelson, Wayne B., (2004), Accelerated Testing - Statistical Models, Test Plans, and Data Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 0-471-69736-2
  10. LogoWynn
  11. Goodwin, Graham C.; Payne, Robert L. (1977). Dynamic System Identification: Experiment Design and Data Analysis. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-289750-1.
  12. Walter, Éric; Pronzato, Luc (1997). Identification of Parametric Models from Experimental Data. Springer.
  13. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Slide Rule". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  14. Montgomery, Douglas; Runger, George; Hubele, Norma. Engineering Statistics (5 ed.). ISBN 0470631473.

References
  • Atkinson, A. C. and Donev, A. N. and Tobias, R. D. (2007). Optimum Experimental Designs, with SAS. Oxford University Press. pp. 511+xvi. ISBN 978-0-19-929660-6.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  • Box, G. E., Hunter,W.G., Hunter, J.S., Hunter,W.G., "Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery", 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2005, ISBN 0-471-71813-0
  • Logothetis, N. and Wynn, H. P (1989). Quality Through Design: Experimental Design, Off-line Quality Control, and Taguchi's Contributions. Oxford U. P. ISBN 0-19-851993-1.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Rao, Singiresu (2002). Applied Numerical Methods of Engineers and Scientists. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 013089480X.
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Slide Rule". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  • Montgomery, Douglas; Runger, George; Hubele, Norma. Engineering Statistics (5 ed.). ISBN 0470631473.
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