Federal Assembly (Switzerland)
The Federal Assembly (German: Bundesversammlung, French: Assemblée fédérale, Italian: Assemblea federale, Romansh: Assamblea federala) is Switzerland's federal legislature. It meets in Bern in the Federal Palace.
Federal Assembly | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| Houses | Council of States National Council |
| Leadership | |
President of the Council of States | |
President of the National Council | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 246 46 Council of States 200 National Council |
 | |
Council of States political groups |
|
 | |
National Council political groups | |
| Elections | |
Council of States last election | 24 November 2019 |
National Council last election | 20 October 2019 |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Federal Palace of Switzerland, Bern | |
| Website | |
| www | |
The Federal Assembly is bicameral, being composed of the 200-seat National Council and the 46-seat Council of States. The houses have identical powers. Members of both houses represent the cantons, but, whereas seats in the National Council are distributed in proportion to population, each canton has two seats in the Council of States, except the six 'half-cantons', which have one seat each. Both are elected in full once every four years, with the last election being held in 2019.
The Federal Assembly possesses the federal government's legislative power, along with the separate constitutional right of citizen's initiative. For a law to pass, it must be passed by both houses. The two houses may come together as a United Federal Assembly in certain circumstances, such as to elect the Federal Council (the head of government and state), the Federal Chancellor, the federal judges or (only in times of great national danger) a general.
History
The Federal Assembly was created in 1848, with the rise of Switzerland as a federal state. The previous central institution was the Federal Diet of Switzerland.
Composition
The Federal Assembly is made up of two chambers:
- the National Council, with 200 seats; and
- the Council of States, with 46 councillors.
Seats in the National Council are allocated to the cantons proportionally, based on population. In the Council of States, every canton has two seats (except for the former "half-cantons", which have one seat each).
United Federal Assembly
On occasions the two houses sit jointly as the "United Federal Assembly" (German: Vereinigte Bundesversammlung, French: Assemblée fédérale, Chambres réunies, Italian: Assemblea federale plenaria, Romansh: Assamblea federala plenara). This is done to:
- elect members of the Federal Council, the Federal Chancellor, the federal judges or (only in times of great national danger) a general
- arbitrate in the event of conflicts between federal authorities;
- issue pardons; or
- listen to special announcements
The United Federal Assembly is presided by the National Council's presidency.
The Federal Assembly also confirms the appointment of the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (appointed by the Federal Council).[1]
Groups
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Parties can cooperate in parliamentary groups, allowing smaller parties access to rights as part of a caucus. At least five members from the same Council are needed to form a group. Only informal groups exist in the Council of States. Members of the National Council are required to be in a formal group in order to be able to sit on a committee.[2]
Since March 2009, there have been six groups in the Federal Assembly. The latest group to form was the Conservative Democratic Party which split off the Swiss People's Party in 2008. The Christian Democrats/EPP/glp Group (CEg) was formed after the 2007 elections, out of the former Christian Democratic (C) and EPP (E) groups. The current FTP/Liberal group (RL) was formed in 2003 out of the former FDP (R) and Liberal (L) groups; since the 2009 fusion of the Free Democrati and Liberal Parties, RL is once again a single-party group. In 2011, the CEg was disbanded, the Green Liberals formed their own parliamentary group (GL) and the three Christian parties formed the Christian-Evangelical Group (CE).
Currently (for the legislative period of 2019–2023), the six parliamentary groups are composed as follows:
| Group | Parties | NC | CS | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| People's parliamentary group (V) | Swiss People's Party | 53 | 6 | 62 | |
| Ticino League | 1 | 0 | |||
| Federal Democratic Union | 1 | 0 | |||
| Independent | 0 | 1 | |||
| Social Democrats parliamentary group (S) | Social Democratic Party | 39 | 9 | 48 | |
| Centre parliamentary group CVP-EVP-BDP (M-CEB) | Christian Democratic People's Party | 25 | 13 | 44 | |
| Conservative Democratic Party | 3 | 0 | |||
| Evangelical People's Party | 3 | 0 | |||
| FDP.The Liberals parliamentary group (RL) | FDP.The Liberals | 29 | 12 | 41 | |
| Green parliamentary group (G) | Green Party | 28 | 5 | 35 | |
| Swiss Party of Labour | 1 | 0 | |||
| solidaritéS | 1 | 0 | |||
| Green Liberal parliamentary group (GL) | Green Liberal Party | 16 | 0 | 16 | |
See also
Notes and references
- Federal Act on Data Protection of 19 June 1992 (status as of 1 January 2014), Federal Chancellery of Switzerland (page visited on 18 September 2016).
- "Parliamentary groups". www.parlament.ch. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
Bibliography
- Federal Chancellor Corina Casanova, ed. (28 April 2015), The Swiss Confederation – A Brief Guide 2015, Berne, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Chancellery FCh of the Swiss Confederation, archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2016, retrieved 4 January 2016
External links
- Official website
- Federal Assembly in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.