Herman Wouk

Herman Wouk (/woʊk/ WOHK; May 27, 1915 – May 17, 2019) was an American author best known for historical fiction such as The Caine Mutiny (1951) which won the Pulitzer Prize.

Herman Wouk
Wouk in Jerusalem, 1955
Born(1915-05-27)May 27, 1915
The Bronx, New York, U.S.
DiedMay 17, 2019(2019-05-17) (aged 103)
Palm Springs, California, U.S.
Resting placeBeth David Cemetery, Elmont, New York, U.S.
OccupationAuthor
EducationTownsend Harris High School
Alma materColumbia University
Period1941–2019
Notable works
  • The Caine Mutiny
  • Winds of War
  • War and Remembrance
  • This is My God
Spouse
Betty Sarah Brown
​
​
(m. 1945; died 2011)​
Children3
RelativesVictor Wouk (brother)
Military career
Service/branch United States Navy
Years of service1942–1946
RankLieutenant
Battles/wars
Website
www.hermanwouk.com

His other major works include The Winds of War and War and Remembrance, historical novels about World War II, and non-fiction such as This Is My God, an explanation of Judaism from a Modern Orthodox perspective, written for Jewish and non-Jewish audiences. His books have been translated into 27 languages.[1]

The Washington Post called Wouk, who cherished his privacy, "the reclusive dean of American historical novelists".[1] Historians, novelists, publishers, and critics who gathered at the Library of Congress in 1995 to mark Wouk's 80th birthday described him as an American Tolstoy.[2]

Early life

Wouk was born in the Bronx, the second of three children born to Esther (née Levine) and Abraham Isaac Wouk, Russian Jewish immigrants from what is today Belarus. His father toiled for many years to raise the family out of poverty before opening a successful laundry service.[3]

When Wouk was 13, his maternal grandfather, Mendel Leib Levine, came from Minsk to live with them and took charge of his grandson's Jewish education. Wouk was frustrated by the amount of time he was expected to study the Talmud, but his father told him, "if I were on my deathbed, and I had breath to say one more thing to you, I would say 'Study the Talmud.'" Eventually Wouk took this advice to heart. After a brief period as a young adult during which he lived a secular life, he returned to religious practice.[4] Judaism would become integral to both his personal life and his career.[5] He would later say that his grandfather and the United States Navy were the two most important influences on his life.[6]

After his childhood and adolescence in the Bronx and a diploma from the original Townsend Harris High School in Manhattan, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree at the age of 19 from Columbia University in 1934, where he was a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity.[7] He also served as editor of the university's humor magazine, Columbia Jester, and wrote two of its annual Varsity Shows.[8] Soon thereafter, he became a radio dramatist, working in David Freedman's "Joke Factory" and later with Fred Allen for five years[9] and then, in 1941, for the United States government, writing radio spots to sell war bonds.[10]

Career

Military career

Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Wouk joined the U.S Naval Reserve in 1942 and served in the Pacific Theater during World War II, an experience he later characterized as educational: "I learned about machinery, I learned how men behaved under pressure, and I learned about Americans." Wouk served as an officer aboard two destroyer minesweepers (DMS), the USS Zane and USS Southard, becoming executive officer of the latter while holding the rank of lieutenant. He participated in around six invasions and won a number of battle stars.[9] Wouk was in the New Georgia Campaign, the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, and the Battle of Okinawa.[11] [12] During off-duty hours aboard ship he started writing a novel, Aurora Dawn, which he originally titled Aurora Dawn; or, The True history of Andrew Reale, containing a faithful account of the Great Riot, together with the complete texts of Michael Wilde's oration and Father Stanfield's sermon. Wouk sent a copy of the opening chapters to philosophy professor Irwin Edman, under whom he studied at Columbia,[13] who quoted a few pages verbatim to a New York editor. The result was a publisher's contract sent to Wouk's ship, then off the coast of Okinawa. The novel was published in 1947 and became a Book of the Month Club main selection. Wouk finished his tour of duty in 1946.[14]

Writing career

His second novel, City Boy, proved to be a commercial disappointment at the time of its initial publication in 1948; Wouk once claimed it was largely ignored amid the excitement over Norman Mailer's bestselling World War II novel The Naked and the Dead.

While writing his next novel, Wouk read each chapter to his wife as it was completed. At one point she remarked that if they did not like this one, he had better take up another line of work (a line he would give to the character of the editor Jeannie Fry in his novel Youngblood Hawke, 1962). The novel, The Caine Mutiny (1951), went on to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. A best-seller, drawing from his wartime experiences aboard minesweepers during World War II, The Caine Mutiny was adapted by the author into a Broadway play called The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial and, in 1954, Columbia Pictures released a film version with Humphrey Bogart portraying Lt. Commander Philip Francis Queeg, captain of the fictional USS Caine.[15]

His first novel after The Caine Mutiny was Marjorie Morningstar (1955), which earned him a Time magazine cover story. Three years later Warner Bros. made it into a movie starring Natalie Wood, Gene Kelly and Claire Trevor. His next novel, a paperback, was Slattery's Hurricane (1956), which he had written in 1948 as the basis for the screenplay for the film of the same name. Wouk's first work of non-fiction was 1959's This is My God: The Jewish Way of Life.[14]

In the 1960s, he authored Youngblood Hawke (1962), a drama about the rise and fall of a young writer modeled on the life of Thomas Wolfe, and Don't Stop the Carnival (1965), a comedy about escaping mid-life crisis by moving to the Caribbean (loosely based on Wouk's own experience). Youngblood Hawke was serialized in McCall's magazine from March to July 1962. A movie version starred James Franciscus and Suzanne Pleshette and was released by Warner Brothers in 1964. Don't Stop the Carnival was turned into a short-lived musical by Jimmy Buffett in 1997.[16]

In the 1970s, Wouk published two monumental novels, The Winds of War (1971) and its sequel, War and Remembrance (1978). He described the latter, which included a devastating depiction of the Holocaust, as "the main tale I have to tell." Both were made into successful television miniseries, the first in 1983 and the second in 1988. Although they were made several years apart, both were directed by Dan Curtis and both starred Robert Mitchum as Captain Victor "Pug" Henry, the main character. The novels are historical fiction. Each has three layers: the story told from the viewpoints of Captain Henry and his circle of family and friends, a more or less straightforward historical account of the events of the war, and an analysis by a member of Adolf Hitler's military staff, the insightful fictional General Armin von Roon. Wouk devoted "thirteen years of extraordinary research and long, arduous composition" to these two novels, noted Arnold Beichman. "The seriousness with which Wouk has dealt with the war can be seen in the prodigious amount of research, reading, travel and conferring with experts, the evidence of which may be found in the uncatalogued boxes at Columbia University" that contain the author's papers.[17]

Inside, Outside (1985) is the story of four generations of a Russian Jewish family and its travails in Russia, the U.S. and Israel. The Hope (1993) and its sequel, The Glory (1994), are historical novels about the first 33 years of Israel's history. They were followed by The Will to Live On: This is Our Heritage (2000), a whirlwind tour of Jewish history and sacred texts and companion volume to This is My God.[18]

In 1995, Wouk was honored on his 80th birthday by the Library of Congress with a symposium on his career. In attendance were David McCullough, Robert Caro, and Daniel Boorstin, among others.[19]

A Hole in Texas (2004) is a novel about the discovery of the Higgs boson, whose existence was proven nine years later, while The Language God Talks: On Science and Religion (2010) is an exploration into the tension between religion and science that originated in a discussion Wouk had with the theoretical physicist Richard Feynman.[20]

The Lawgiver (2012) is an epistolary novel about a contemporary Hollywood writer of a movie script about Moses, with the consulting help of a nonfictional character, Herman Wouk, a "mulish ancient" who gets involved despite the strong misgivings of his wife.[21]

Wouk's memoir entitled Sailor and Fiddler: Reflections of a 100-Year-Old Author was published in January 2016 to mark his 100th birthday.[22][23] NPR called it "a lovely coda to the career of a man who made American literature a kinder, smarter, better place." It was his last book.[24][25]

Daily journal

Wouk kept a personal diary from 1937.[26] On September 10, 2008, Wouk presented the Library of Congress with his journals, which number more than 100 volumes as of 2012,[26] at a ceremony that honored him with the first Library of Congress Lifetime Achievement Award for the Writing of Fiction (now the Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction). Wouk often referred to his journals to check dates and facts in his writing, and he was hesitant to let the originals out of his personal possession. A solution was negotiated: a scanning service bureau was selected to scan the entire set of volumes into digital formats.[27]

Personal life and death

In late 1944 Wouk met Betty Sarah Brown, a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Southern California, who was working as a personnel specialist in the navy while the Zane was undergoing repairs in San Pedro, California. The two quickly fell in love and after his ship went back to sea, Betty, who was born a Protestant and was raised in Grangeville, Idaho, began her study of Judaism and converted on her twenty-fifth birthday. They were married on December 10, 1945.[17]

With the birth of the first of their three children the next year, Wouk became a full-time writer to support his growing family. His first-born son, Abraham Isaac Wouk (1946–1951), was named after Wouk's late father. He drowned in a swimming pool accident in Mexico shortly before his fifth birthday. Wouk later dedicated War and Remembrance to him with the Biblical words "בלע המות לנצח – He will destroy death forever" (Isaiah 25:8). Their second and third children were Iolanthe Woulff (born 1950 as Nathaniel Wouk, a Princeton University graduate and an author[28][29]) and Joseph (born 1954, a Columbia graduate, an attorney, a film producer, and a writer who served in the Israeli Navy).[30] He had three grandchildren.[14]

The Wouks lived in New York, Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands (where he wrote Don't Stop the Carnival) and at 3255 N Street N.W.[31] in the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C. (where he researched and wrote The Winds of War and War and Remembrance)[32] before settling in Palm Springs, California. His wife, who served for decades as his literary agent, died in that city on March 17, 2011.[33]

"I wrote nothing that was of the slightest consequence before I met Sarah," Wouk recalled after her death. "I was a gag man for Fred Allen for five years. In his time, he was the greatest of the radio comedians. And jokes work for what they are but they're ephemeral. They just disappear. And that was the kind of thing I did up until the time that I met Sarah and we married. And I would say my literary career and my mature life both began with her."[34]

His brother Victor died in 2005.[35]

Wouk died in his sleep in his home in Palm Springs, California, on May 17, 2019, at the age of 103.[36]

Degrees

Awards and honors

Published works
Wouk in 2014

See also

References
  1. Fessier, Bruce (May 26, 2015). "Herman Wouk, dean of historical novelists, turns 100". The Desert Sun. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  2. Ringle, Ken (May 16, 1995). "Fiction's Truest Voice". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 2, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  3. Callery, Sean (2009). Victor Wouk: The Father of the Hybrid Car. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 7.
  4. Quarles, Philip (January 25, 2013). "Herman Wouk Bucks Literary Trends to Produce Best-Selling Novels". WNYC. Archived from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  5. "Herman Wouk Biography". Biography.com. Archived from the original on August 16, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  6. Shatzky, Joel; Taub, Michael (1997). Contemporary Jewish-American Novelists: A Bio-critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  7. Membership Directory, 2010, Pi Lambda Phi Inc.
  8. "Herman Wouk Biography". eNotes.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  9. D'Odge, Craig (December 2000). "Herman Wouk Makes His Case". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on October 19, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  10. French, Yvonne (July 10, 1995). "Herman Wouk Donates Five Historical Novels". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  11. Wouk was not at the Battle of Lingayen Gulf, though his ship Southard was. Wauk was still serving on the ship Zane during the battle of Lingayen Gulf, according to the more accurate Navy Source "Italie, Hillel, "WWII veteran Herman Wouk, a consummate writer until the end, dies at 103"". NavyTimes. NavyTimes. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
  12. "Herman Wouk". TogetherWeServed.com. Chatsworth, Los Angeles: TogetherWeServed Inc. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  13. Sachare, Alex (May 2002). "Herman Wouk '34 Raises Caine, Again". Columbia College Today. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  14. Homberger, Eric (May 17, 2019). "Herman Wouk obituary: author of The Caine Mutiny and The Winds of War who championed traditional Jewish values and American patriotism". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  15. Armistead, Claire (May 27, 2015). "Herman Wouk to publish first memoir aged 100". The Guardian. Kings Place, London. Archived from the original on August 14, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  16. "Herman Wouk, author of 'Caine Mutiny,' 'Winds of War,' dead at 103". Fox News. Associated Press. May 17, 2019. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  17. Beichman, Arnold (1984). Herman Wouk: The Novelist as Social Historian. Transaction Books.
  18. "The Will to Live On: This is Our Heritage". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  19. Italie, Hillel (May 17, 2019). "'Caine Mutiny,' 'Winds of War' author Herman Wouk has died". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  20. Person, Jr., James E. (June 18, 2010). "Book REview: 'The Language God Talks'". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on May 8, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  21. Barnes, Brooks (November 12, 2012). "At 97, He Has a Book (or 2) Left". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  22. Falcone, Dana Rose (May 22, 2015). "Herman Wouk to release memoir in honor of 100th birthday". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  23. Dirda, Michael (January 6, 2016). "At 100, Herman Wouk re-emerges with a memoir, 'Sailor and Fiddler'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 7, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  24. Schaub, Michael (December 29, 2015). "'Sailor And Fiddler' Is A Lovely Coda To A Literary Career". NPR. Archived from the original on January 14, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  25. "Herman Wouk, author of 'The Caine Mutiny' and 'The Winds of War,' dies at 103". Reuters. May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  26. "Proust Questionnaire". Vanity Fair. October 2012. p. 272.
  27. "Twin Imaging Technology preserves personal journals for Pulitzer Prize author, Herman Wouk". Twin Imaging Technology. July 2008. Archived from the original on March 8, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
  28. Snow, Nicholas (July 12, 2009). "Transgendered Author/Novelist Iolanthe Woulff". Archived from the original on January 3, 2016. Retrieved August 2, 2015 – via YouTube.
  29. "Author Iolanthe Woulff to appear at the Palm Springs Public Library". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  30. "A Sclerotic Goes to War". Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  31. Orton, Kathy (August 15, 2014). "House of the Week | Federal-era townhouse in Georgetown for $10.5M". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  32. Howard, Jane (November 26, 1971). "Herman Wouk Surfaces Again". Life. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  33. "Betty Sarah Wouk — Wife and agent of 'Caine Mutiny' author". Los Angeles Times. March 23, 2011. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved August 5, 2015.
  34. "'The Lawgiver': Telling Moses' Story, Differently". National Public Radio interview. November 17, 2012. Archived from the original on September 30, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  35. "'The Caine Mutiny' Author Herman Wouk Dies At 103". The Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post Group. Reuters. May 17, 2019. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  36. "'Caine Mutiny,' 'Winds of War' author Herman Wouk has died". Associated Press. May 17, 2019. Archived from the original on May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  37. Vavra, Kassidy. "Herman Wouk, Pulitzer Prize winning author of 'Caine Mutiny,' 'Winds of War,' has died". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  38. Krystal, Becky (May 17, 2019). "Herman Wouk, Pulitzer Prize-winning master of sweeping historical fiction, dies at 103". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  39. "Alexander Hamilton Medal". Columbia University. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  40. "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  41. Roberts, Roxanne (May 4, 2003). "You Have A Dream". The Washington Post.
  42. "Lone Sailor Award Recipients". United States Navy Memorial. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  43. "Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies Names Natan Sharansky its Guardian of Zion for 2019". Bar-Ilan University. Archived from the original on May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
  44. Krystal, Becky (May 17, 2019). "Herman Wouk, Pulitzer Prize-winning master of sweeping historical fiction, dies at 103". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  45. "Herman Wouk, Author of 'The Caine Mutiny' and 'The Winds of War,' Dies at 103". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  46. Gordan, Rachel. "Herman Wouk, the legendary author who brought Judaism into the mainstream". The Times of Israel.
  47. Luther, Claudia. "Herman Wouk, revered author of 'The Caine Mutiny' and 'The Winds of War,' dies at 103". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.

Further reading
  • Barbara A. Paulson, ed., The Historical Novel: A Celebration of the Achievements of Herman Wouk (1999)
  • Arnold Beichman, Herman Wouk: The Novelist as Social Historian (1984)
  • Laurence W. Mazzeno, Herman Wouk (1994)
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