Interleukin 19
Interleukin 19 (IL19) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL19 gene on the chromosome 1.[5]
Structure
The IL-19 gene contains 7 exons and is found on chromosome 1. Secreted IL-19 is made from 159 amino acids that create alpha-helix structure.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 cytokine subfamily. This cytokine is found to be preferentially expressed in monocytes and less in B lymphocytes. The IL-19 gene is expressed in resting monocytes and B cells. It is up-regulated in monocytes following stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), lipopolysaccharide, or Pam3CSK4.[6]
Immunoregulation function
IL-19 increases the production of Th2 cytokines in T-lymphocytes and induces expression of IL-10 in monocytes.
Disorder of the IL-19 production probably has an effect to different allergic reactions and other Th1 type athopic and skis pathogeneses, e.g. psoriasis.[7]
IL-19 also forms homologs with IL-20 and IL-24 and thus is able to bind the interleukin-20 receptor complex and lead to the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 is necessary for embryonal development and Th17 differentiation.[8] The IL-20 receptors are predominantly found in the mesenchymal region of tissues, lungs and reproduction organs.
A similar cytokine in mouse is reported to up-regulate the expression of IL6 and TNF-alpha and induce apoptosis, which suggests a role of this cytokine in inflammatory responses. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the distinct isoforms have been described.[5]
IL-10 family
Interleukin-19 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 family of cytokines along with several other interleukins including IL-10, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and several virus-encoded cytokines. It signals through the same cell surface receptor (IL-20R) that is used by IL-20 and IL-24.
References
- GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142224 - Ensembl, May 2017
- GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016524 - Ensembl, May 2017
- "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- "Entrez Gene: Interleukin 19".
- Chang C, Magracheva E, Kozlov S, Fong S, Tobin G, Kotenko S, et al. (January 2003). "Crystal structure of interleukin-19 defines a new subfamily of helical cytokines". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (5): 3308–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208602200. PMID 12403790.
- Witte E, Kokolakis G, Witte K, Philipp S, Doecke WD, Babel N, et al. (November 2014). "IL-19 is a component of the pathogenetic IL-23/IL-17 cascade in psoriasis". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 134 (11): 2757–2767. doi:10.1038/jid.2014.308. PMID 25046339.
- "IL19 interleukin 19 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
External links
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9UHD0 (Interleukin-19) at the PDBe-KB.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.