Interleukin 23 subunit alpha

Interleukin-23 subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL23A gene.[5][6] IL-23 is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages.

IL23A
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesIL23A, IL-23, IL-23A, IL23P19, P19, SGRF, Interleukin 23, interleukin 23 subunit alpha
External IDsOMIM: 605580 MGI: 1932410 HomoloGene: 12832 GeneCards: IL23A
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 12 (human)[1]
Band12q13.3Start56,334,174 bp[1]
End56,340,410 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

51561

83430

Ensembl

ENSG00000110944

ENSMUSG00000025383

UniProt

Q9NPF7

Q9EQ14

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_016584

NM_031252

RefSeq (protein)

NP_057668

NP_112542

Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 56.33 – 56.34 MbChr 10: 128.3 – 128.3 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Interleukin-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of an IL-12p40 subunit that is shared with IL-12 and the IL-23p19 subunit.[5] A functional receptor for IL-23 (the IL-23 receptor) has been identified and is composed of IL-12R β1 and IL-23R.[7]

Function

IL-23 is an important part of the inflammatory response against infection. It promotes upregulation of the matrix metalloprotease MMP9, increases angiogenesis and reduces CD8+ T-cell infiltration into tumours. IL-23 mediates its effects on both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system that express the IL-23 receptor. Th17 cells represent the most prominent T cell subset that responds to IL-23, although IL-23 has been implicated in inhibiting the development of regulatory T cell development in the intestine. Th17 cells produce IL-17, a proinflammatory cytokine that enhances T cell priming and stimulates the production of other proinflammatory molecules such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, NOS-2, and chemokines resulting in inflammation.

The expression of IL23A is decreased after AHR knockdown in THP-1 cells and primary mouse macrophages.[8]

Clinical significance

Knockout mice deficient in either p40 or p19, or in either subunit of the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R and IL12R-β1) develop less severe symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and inflammatory bowel disease highlighting the importance of IL-23 in the inflammatory pathway.[9][10]

Discovery

A computational search for IL-12 homologue genes found p19, a gene that encodes a cytokine chain. Experimental work revealed that p19 formed a heterodimer by binding to p40, a subunit of IL-12. This new heterodimer was named IL-23.[11]

Knockdown of AHR decreases the expression of IL23A in THP-1 cells and primary macrophage.[8]

See also

  • Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting both IL-12 and IL-23 and used to treat plaque psoriasis, launched in the United States under the brand name Stelara

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000110944 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025383 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Oppmann B, Lesley R, Blom B, Timans JC, Xu Y, Hunte B, et al. (November 2000). "Novel p19 protein engages IL-12p40 to form a cytokine, IL-23, with biological activities similar as well as distinct from IL-12". Immunity. 13 (5): 715–25. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00070-4. PMID 11114383.
  6. "Entrez Gene: IL23A interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19".
  7. Parham C, Chirica M, Timans J, Vaisberg E, Travis M, Cheung J, et al. (June 2002). "A receptor for the heterodimeric cytokine IL-23 is composed of IL-12Rbeta1 and a novel cytokine receptor subunit, IL-23R". Journal of Immunology. 168 (11): 5699–708. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.11.5699. PMID 12023369.
  8. Memari B, Bouttier M, Dimitrov V, Ouellette M, Behr MA, Fritz JH, White JH (November 2015). "Engagement of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages Has Pleiotropic Effects on Innate Immune Signaling". Journal of Immunology. 195 (9): 4479–91. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1501141. PMID 26416282.
  9. Langowski JL, Zhang X, Wu L, Mattson JD, Chen T, Smith K, Basham B, McClanahan T, Kastelein RA, Oft M (July 2006). "IL-23 promotes tumour incidence and growth". Nature. 442 (7101): 461–5. doi:10.1038/nature04808. PMID 16688182. S2CID 4431794.
  10. Kikly K, Liu L, Na S, Sedgwick JD (December 2006). "The IL-23/Th(17) axis: therapeutic targets for autoimmune inflammation". Current Opinion in Immunology. 18 (6): 670–5. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2006.09.008. PMID 17010592.
  11. Korn T, Bettelli E, Oukka M, Kuchroo VK (2009). "IL-17 and Th17 Cells". Annual Review of Immunology. 27: 485–517. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132710. PMID 19132915.

Further reading

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