Jacques Hérold

Considered one of the most important late-period Surrealist painters, Hérold was born in a Jewish family in Piatra Neamț, Romania. He spent most of his childhood in the Danubian port city of Galați, where his father was making and selling candy. Between 1925 and 1927 he studied at a School of Fine Arts in Bucharest, against his father's will. After 2 years, he abandoned the Art Academy in 1929 and instead started working at an architecture bureau. In the same year he briefly contributed to a few Romanian Surrealist revues.

In 1930, he moved to France and, thanks to a fake ID, changed his name from Herold Blumer (his birth name) to Jacques Hérold. He settled in Paris, where he maintained a close friendship with Constantin Brâncuși, for whom he also worked as a chef or even secretary. He also met Surrealist painter Yves Tanguy, thanks to whom Hérold was allowed in Breton's group, participating at games and contributing with paintings that were held in high esteem by the likes of Raoul Ubac or Andre Breton himself.

After the tensioned period of World War II, he managed to have his first solo exhibition in 1947. Starting with this year's "Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme", he had an active presence in all the important Surrealist exhibitions worldwide. After 1951 (when he also departed from Breton's group), his style increased in abstraction and would be associated later with Lyrical abstraction and Tachisme. In 1958 he published the book Maltraité de peinture and received the Copley Foundation prize. In 1959 he had an exhibition at the Tate Gallery from London. In 1972, a monographic exhibition at l'Abbaye de Royaumont. In 1986, one year before his death, he exhibited works at the Venice Biennale.

During his lifetime, Hérold has done cover artwork and illustrations for more than 80 books by the likes of Gherasim Luca, Tristan Tzara, Francis Ponge, Julien Gracq, Marquis de Sade, Michel Butor, Alain Bosquet, Gellu Naum, Ilarie Voronca, Claude Sernet, etc. In 1995, Art critic Sarane Alexandrian published the essay book Jacques Hérold. Étude historique et critique.

• Bruxelles, Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique : Le nu fou, oil on canvas, 1964.
• Céret, Musée d’Art Moderne : Les poussées contradictoires, oil on canvas, 1957.
• Jérusalem, The Israel Museum : Sans titre, oil on cardboard, 1934.
• Liège, Musée d’Art Moderne : L’incendie, oil on panel, 1948.
• Marseille, Musée Cantini : Les Têtes, oil on canvas, 1939 / Sans titre, oil on canvas, 1940 / Dessin collectif, 1940 / Two drawings of playing cards for Le Jeu de Marseille, 1941 / La terre, la nuit, oil on canvas, 1965.
• New York, Museum of Modern Art : Cadavre exquis, 1934.
• Paris, Musée National d’Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou : Le rouge en flamme, le noir en voûte, oil on panel, 1947 / Cadavre exquis, 1941. Paris,
• Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris : Une flamme sur la nuque, oil on canvas, 1966.
• Rome, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea : L’amour dans la forêt, oil on canvas, 1976.
• Valence, Musée des Beaux-Arts : Poussières d’Afrique, oil on canvas, 1961.

References

Sources

• Benezit Dictionary of Artists, 2006, site Oxford Index (subscription or library membership required)

• Jacques Hérold, 1910-1987 Galerie Alain Paire
• Bande Annonce de Jacques Hérold, Seven Doc, YouTube
• Jacques Hérold (1910-1987) The Surrealism Website
• Historical Dictionary of Surrealism, Keith Aspley, 2010, p. 248, Jacques Hérold, books google

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