Jiexiu

Jiexiu is a county-level city in the central part of Shanxi Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jinzhong and is located in the latter's western confines. Notable sites in and around Jiexiu include Mount Mian, Zhangbi Fortress, Houtu Temple and Xianshenlou.

Jiexiu

介休市

Kiehsiu
Jiexiu in Jinzhong
Jiexiu
Location in Shanxi
Coordinates: 37°01′37″N 111°55′01″E
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShanxi
Prefecture-level cityJinzhong
Area
  County-level city743.7 km2 (287.1 sq mi)
  Urban
42.00 km2 (16.22 sq mi)
Elevation
756 m (2,480 ft)
Population
 (2017)
  County-level city437,000
  Urban222,100
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
032000
Area code(s)0354
Websitehttp://en.cnsanjia.com/
Jiexiu
Chinese介休
Literal meaningCity of Jie Zitui's Eternal Rest
Former names
Mianshang
Traditional Chinese綿
Simplified Chinese
Literal meaningDowny[lower-alpha 1] Heights
Pingchang
Chinese
Literal meaningPeaceful-&-Prosperous
Jiezhou
Chinese
Literal meaningJie Prefecture

Names

The territory around Mt Mian was known as Mianshang under the Zhou.[2] By the Jin, the territory was known as Dingyang and the settlement at Jiexiu proper as Pingchang.[3] Under the Northern Wei (4th–5th century), both became known as Jiexiu Commandery.[3] Under the Tang, this was renamed Jiezhou AD 618–627.[3]

History

Mianshang was supposedly set apart by Duke Chong'er to endow sacrifices for his retainer Jie Zhitui c.636 BC. The early histories state that Jie had loyally followed Chong'er in exile around China for 19 years but, when Chong'er was installed as duke of Jin by a Qin army, Jie had chosen to retire as a hermit rather than debase himself by asking for favors.[4][5][6][7][8] In time, this caused him to be seen as a Taoist immortal.[9] Later legend embellished the tale, having Jie save Chong'er from starvation[10] by cooking a soup made from meat from his own thigh[11][12] only to be killed when Chong'er listened to advice from Jin courtiers that the way to drive him out of the mountains was to light a forest fire.[13] The idea was that Jie's duty to his mother would overcome his pride and they would flee together;[14] instead, their corpses were found days later beneath a willow.[14][10][13] Temples were erected in Jie's honor[10] and, by the Han, the people of Shanxi tried to curry favor with his spirit by observing a Cold Food Festival in the dead of winter.[15][16][17] They ignored repeated attempts to ban it[16][18][19][20][21] although, as it moved to spring[22] and spread throughout China,[23][24] it eventually developed into the present-day Tomb-Sweeping Festival.[25][26]

During the Warring States Period, the area of Jiexiu was held by Zhao before its conquest by Qin.[27] Under the Han, it was part of Dingyang County (t , s , Dìngyáng Xiàn) in Shang Commandery.[28] Jiexiu County was created under the Jin, but with its seat southeast of the current town.[3] The Northern Wei moved to the present location—then known as Pingchang—around AD 484 and made it the seat of a commandery.[3] This was made a county again by the Sui in 598, restored by the Tang in 617, and changed to a prefecture the next year.[3]

Climate

Jiexiu experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Spring is dry, with frequent dust storms, followed by early summer heat waves. Summer tends to be warm to hot with most of the year's rainfall concentrated in July and August. Winter is long and cold, but dry and sunny. Because of the aridity, there tends to be considerable diurnal variation in temperature, except during the summer. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −4.0 °C (24.8 °F) in January to 24.6 °C (76.3 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 11.18 °C (52.1 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 60% in May, the city receives 2,425 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Climate data for Jiexiu (1981−2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 2.6
(36.7)
7.1
(44.8)
13.1
(55.6)
20.5
(68.9)
25.8
(78.4)
30.0
(86.0)
30.9
(87.6)
28.6
(83.5)
24.4
(75.9)
18.6
(65.5)
10.7
(51.3)
4.4
(39.9)
18.1
(64.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.0
(24.8)
0.1
(32.2)
6.0
(42.8)
13.2
(55.8)
18.6
(65.5)
22.7
(72.9)
24.6
(76.3)
22.3
(72.1)
17.4
(63.3)
11.2
(52.2)
3.9
(39.0)
−1.8
(28.8)
11.2
(52.1)
Average low °C (°F) −9.3
(15.3)
−5.6
(21.9)
−0.1
(31.8)
5.8
(42.4)
10.7
(51.3)
15.2
(59.4)
18.9
(66.0)
17.0
(62.6)
11.5
(52.7)
5.1
(41.2)
−1.6
(29.1)
−6.8
(19.8)
5.1
(41.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3.3
(0.13)
5.3
(0.21)
12.3
(0.48)
24.0
(0.94)
36.4
(1.43)
45.9
(1.81)
95.1
(3.74)
98.8
(3.89)
67.0
(2.64)
33.3
(1.31)
11.7
(0.46)
3.5
(0.14)
436.6
(17.18)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.2 3.1 4.8 5.6 6.4 9.4 12.5 11.4 8.4 6.3 3.5 1.7 75.3
Average relative humidity (%) 54 52 50 48 52 58 68 75 73 65 59 54 59
Mean monthly sunshine hours 175.6 167.3 189.8 227.7 259.5 240.1 217.5 214.6 195.5 194.8 175.5 166.7 2,424.6
Percent possible sunshine 58 55 52 58 60 55 49 51 53 56 57 56 55
Source: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days and sunshine 19712000)[29][30]

Government

Jiexiu administers an area divided into five subdistricts, seven towns, and three townships:

Subdistricts
NameSimp.Trad.Pinyin
Beiguan北关街道北關街道Běiguān Jiēdào
Xiguan西关街道西關街道Xīguān Jiēdào
Dongnan东南街道東南街道Dōngnán Jiēdào
Xinan西南街道Xīnán Jiēdào
Beitan北坛街道北關街道Běitán Jiēdào
Towns
Yi'an义安镇義安鎮Yì'ān Zhèn
Zhanglan张兰镇張蘭鎮Zhānglán Zhèn
Lianfu连福镇連福鎮Liánfú Zhèn
Hongshan洪山镇洪山鎮Hóngshān Zhèn
Longfeng龙凤镇龍鳳鎮Lóngfèng Zhèn
Mianshan绵山镇綿山鎮Miánshān Zhèn
Yitang义棠镇義棠鎮Yìtáng Zhèn
Townships
Chengguan城关乡城關鄉Chéngguān Xiāng
Songgu宋古乡宋古鄉Sònggǔ Xiāng
Sanjia三佳乡三佳鄉Sānjiā Xiāng

Transport

Notes

  1. 綿 anciently referred to silk floss and by extension "weak", "soft", "downy", although in modern Chinese it more often refers to cotton.

References

Citations

  1. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  2. Xiao & al. (1996), p. 274.
  3. Xiong (2016).
  4. Legge (1872), p. 191–2.
  5. Lü Buwei & al., "An Account of Jie", 《呂氏春秋》 [Master Lü's Spring & Autumn Annals]. (in Chinese)
  6. Knoblock & al. (2000), p. 263–4.
  7. Nienhauser & al. (2006), pp. 331–5.
  8. Sima Qian & al., "The Dynasty of Jin", 《史記》 [Records of the Grand Historian], 39. (in Chinese).
  9. Pseudo-Liu Xiang (ed.), "Jiezi Tui", 《列仙傳》 [Collected Biographies of the Immortals]. (in Chinese)
  10. Zhang (2015).
  11. Liao (1959), Bk. VIII, Ch. xxvii.
  12. Legge & al. (1891), Bk. XXIX, §10.
  13. Huang & al. (2016), p. 82–3.
  14. Lan & al. (1996).
  15. Pokora (1975), pp. 122 & 136–7.
  16. Fan Ye, 《後漢書》 [Book of the Later Han], Vol. 61, §2024. (in Chinese)
  17. Holzman (1986), p. 52–4.
  18. Li Fang, 《太平御覽》 [Imperial Reader of the Taiping Era], Vol. 28, §8a; Vol. 30, §6a–b; Vol. 869, §7b. (in Chinese)
  19. Fang Xuanling, 《晉書》 [Book of Jin], Vol. 105, §2749–50. (in Chinese)
  20. Wei Shou, 《魏書》 [Book of Wei], Vol. 7A, §140, & Vol. 7B, §179. (in Chinese)
  21. Holzman (1986), pp. 54–9.
  22. Holzman (1986), p. 69.
  23. 《齊民要術》 [Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People] (in Chinese), Vol. 9, §521
  24. Holzman (1986), pp. 60–1.
  25. Zhang (2017).
  26. Wu (2014), p. 126
  27. Barbieri-Low & al. (2015), p. 1021.
  28. Barbieri-Low & al. (2015), pp. lvi, lxvi, & 1021.
  29. 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
  30. 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集(1971-2000年). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.

Bibliography

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