List of Goryeo Buddhist paintings

This list is of Buddhist paintings from Goryeo-Dynasty Korea (918-1392). Approximately one hundred and sixty hanging scrolls are known.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Painting Date Location Institution Comments Image Dimensions Coordinates Ref.
Royal Palace Mandala, colour on silk
絹本著色王宮曼荼羅図
kenpon chakushoku ōkyū mandara zu
관경서분변상도
1312ToyokawaDaion-ji (大恩寺)dated to 1312 by the inscription in the bottom right corner; Important Cultural Property[5]133.3 centimetres (4 ft 4.5 in) by 51.4 centimetres (1 ft 8.2 in)34°49′14″N 137°18′38″E
Royal Palace Mandala
王宮曼荼羅図
ōkyū mandara zu
관경서분변상도
late GoryeoTsurugaSaifuku-ji (西福寺)150.5 centimetres (4 ft 11.3 in) by 113.2 centimetres (3 ft 8.6 in)35°39′25″N 136°01′56″E[5]
Illustration of the Visualisation Sutra
観経十六観変相図
kangyō jūroku kanhensō zu
1323KyotoChion-in224.2 centimetres (7 ft 4.3 in) by 139.1 centimetres (4 ft 6.8 in)35°00′22″N 135°47′02″E[3]
Illustration of the Meditation Sutra
観経変相図
Kankyō hensō zu
관경서분변상도
C14TsurugaSaifuku-ji (西福寺)202.8 centimetres (6 ft 7.8 in) by 129.8 centimetres (4 ft 3.1 in)35°39′25″N 136°01′56″E[4]
Illustration of the Sutra on the Descent of Maitreya
弥勒下生経変相図
Miroku geshōkyō hensō zu
미륵하생경변상도
1350KōyaShinnō-in (親王院)178.0 centimetres (5 ft 10.1 in) by 90.3 centimetres (2 ft 11.6 in)34°12′50″N 135°34′53″E[6]
Illustration of the Sutra on the Descent of Maitreya
弥勒下生経変相図
Miroku geshōkyō hensō zu
late GoryeoKyotoChion-in171.8 centimetres (5 ft 7.6 in) by 92.1 centimetres (3 ft 0.3 in)35°00′22″N 135°47′02″E[3]
Illustration of the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment
원각경변상도
C14BostonMuseum of Fine Arts, Boston165.5 centimetres (5 ft 5.2 in) by 85.5 centimetres (2 ft 9.7 in)42°20′21″N 71°05′39″W
Illustration of the Visualisation Sutra, colour on silk
絹本著色観経十六観変相図
kenpon chakushoku kangyō jūroku kanhensō zu
late GoryeoTakahagiŌtakaji (大高寺)Prefectural Cultural Property183.0 centimetres (6 ft 0 in) by 121.0 centimetres (3 ft 11.6 in)36°42′55″N 140°42′33″E
Illustration of the Sutra on the Descent of Maitreya, colour on silk
絹本著色弥勒下生経変相図
kenpon chakushoku Miroku geshōkyō hensō zu
1294KyotoMyōman-ji (妙満寺)Important Cultural Property; inscribed 画文翰待詔李晟、至元三十一年甲午227 centimetres (7 ft 5 in) by 129 centimetres (4 ft 3 in)35°04′03″N 135°46′28″E
Sakyamuni Preaching the Law
釈迦説法図
Shaka seppō zu
late GoryeoKōyaShinnō-in (親王院)178.0 centimetres (5 ft 10.1 in) by 90.3 centimetres (2 ft 11.6 in)34°12′50″N 135°34′53″E[5]
Vairocanalate GoryeoHiroshimaFudō-in (不動院)also known as Fifteen Thousand Buddhas162.0 centimetres (5 ft 3.8 in) by 88.2 centimetres (2 ft 10.7 in)34°25′37″N 132°28′16″E[3]
Vairocana
毘盧遮那仏変相図
Birushana butsu hensō zu
late GoryeoHyōgo Prefectureprivate196.0 centimetres (6 ft 5.2 in) by 133.5 centimetres (4 ft 4.6 in)
Vairocana Triadlate GoryeoCologneMuseum für Ostasiatische Kunst, Köln123.0 centimetres (4 ft 0.4 in) by 82.0 centimetres (2 ft 8.3 in)50°56′06″N 6°55′32″E[3]
Bhaisajyaguru Preaching the LawKyotoChishaku-in (智積院)34°59′17″N 135°46′35″E[6]
Buddha Pentad, colour on silk
絹本著色五仏尊像
kenpon chakushoku go-Butsu-son zō
late GoryeoTakasagoJūrin-ji (十輪寺)Important Cultural Property; alternatively dated to the sixteenth century[13]34°44′50″N 134°47′59″E
Descent of Tejaprabha Buddha
치성광여래왕림도
late C14BostonMuseum of Fine Arts, Boston124.4 centimetres (4 ft 1.0 in) by 54.8 centimetres (1 ft 9.6 in)42°20′21″N 71°05′39″W
Amitabha1286Kyotoprivate; former Shimazu collection (島津家旧蔵)203.5 centimetres (6 ft 8.1 in) by 105.1 centimetres (3 ft 5.4 in)[4]
Amitabha
阿弥陀如来像
Amida Nyorai zō
late GoryeoKan'onjiHagiwara-ji (萩原寺)110.8 centimetres (3 ft 7.6 in) by 50.4 centimetres (1 ft 7.8 in)34°04′16″N 133°41′18″E
Amitabha
如来像 or 阿弥陀如来図
Nyorai zō or Amida Nyorai zu
late GoryeoKyotoShōbō-ji (正法寺)Important Cultural Property190.0 centimetres (6 ft 2.8 in) by 87.2 centimetres (2 ft 10.3 in)[3]
AmitabhaC14KyotoTōkai-an (東海庵)116.4 centimetres (3 ft 9.8 in) by 54.5 centimetres (1 ft 9.5 in)35°01′22″N 135°43′14″E[4]
Amitabha, colour on silk
絹本著色阿弥陀如来像
kenpon chakushoku Amida Nyorai zu
1306TokyoNezu MuseumImportant Cultural Property162.5 centimetres (5 ft 4.0 in) by 91.7 centimetres (3 ft 0.1 in)35°39′44″N 139°43′02″E
Amitabha, colour on silk
絹本著色釈迦如来像
kenpon chakushoku Shaka Nyorai zō
late GoryeoKyotoGyokurin-in (玉林院)Important Cultural Property163.0 centimetres (5 ft 4.2 in) by 87.0 centimetres (2 ft 10.3 in)35°02′33″N 135°44′35″E[3]
Amitabha
阿弥陀如来像
kenpon chakushoku Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
HigashiōmiIshiba-ji (石馬寺)98.0 centimetres (3 ft 2.6 in) by 55.5 centimetres (1 ft 9.9 in)35°09′41″N 136°09′52″E[5]
Bhaisajyaguru
如来像
Nyorai zō
late GoryeoNagoyaBanshō-ji151.0 centimetres (4 ft 11.4 in) by 86.2 centimetres (2 ft 9.9 in)35°09′33″N 136°54′17″E[5]
Amitabha, colour on silk
絹本著色釈迦如来像
kenpon chakushoku Shaka Nyorai zō
C14KyotoZenrin-jiImportant Cultural Property177.9 centimetres (5 ft 10.0 in) by 106.9 centimetres (3 ft 6.1 in)35°00′52″N 135°47′43″E[4]
Amitabhalate GoryeoParisMusée Guimet104.0 centimetres (3 ft 4.9 in) by 46.0 centimetres (1 ft 6.1 in)48°51′54″N 2°17′37″E[3]
AmitabhaC14RomeMuseo Nazionale d'Arte Orientale105.6 centimetres (3 ft 5.6 in) by 47.0 centimetres (1 ft 6.5 in)41°53′40″N 12°30′01″E
Amitabha, colour on silk
絹本著色阿弥陀如来坐像
kenpon chakushoku Amida Nyorai zazō
late GoryeoYaitaKagamiyama-dera (鏡山寺)Prefectural Cultural Property; there are two further Goryeo Buddhist paintings at Kōbō-ji (興法寺) in Oyama149.3 centimetres (4 ft 10.8 in) by 94.0 centimetres (3 ft 1.0 in)36°50′14″N 139°55′17″E
Amitabha
아미타여래도
late GoryeoYonginUhak Cultural FoundationTreasure No. 1238105.6 centimetres (3 ft 5.6 in) by 52.3 centimetres (1 ft 8.6 in)[3]
Amitabha Triad, colour on silk (Amitabha)
絹本著色阿弥陀三尊像
kenpon chakushoku Amida sanzon zu
1309YonezawaUesugi Jinja (上杉神社)central scroll of a set of three jointly designated an Important Cultural Property[14][15]148 centimetres (4 ft 10 in) by 77 centimetres (2 ft 6 in)37°54′33″N 140°06′15″E
Amitabha Triad, colour on silk (Avalokiteśvara)
絹本著色阿弥陀三尊像
kenpon chakushoku Amida sanzon zu
1309YonezawaUesugi Jinja (上杉神社)right-hand scroll of a set of three jointly designated an Important Cultural Property[14][15]148 centimetres (4 ft 10 in) by 77 centimetres (2 ft 6 in)37°54′33″N 140°06′15″E
Amitabha Triad, colour on silk (Mahasthamaprapta)
絹本著色阿弥陀三尊像
kenpon chakushoku Amida sanzon zu
1309YonezawaUesugi Jinja (上杉神社)left-hand scroll of a set of three jointly designated an Important Cultural Property[14][15]148 centimetres (4 ft 10 in) by 77 centimetres (2 ft 6 in)37°54′33″N 140°06′15″E
Amitabha Triad with Ananda and Mahākāśyapa
絹本著色釈迦三尊及阿難迦葉像
kenpon chakushoku Shaka sanzon oyobi Anan Kashō zō
1330OgoseHōon-ji (法恩寺)Important Cultural Property119.4 centimetres (3 ft 11.0 in) by 64.2 centimetres (2 ft 1.3 in)35°57′44″N 139°17′50″E
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoTokyoNezu Museum111.2 centimetres (3 ft 7.8 in) by 50.9 centimetres (1 ft 8.0 in)35°39′44″N 139°43′02″E[3]
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoTokyoNezu Museum129.0 centimetres (4 ft 2.8 in) by 62.0 centimetres (2 ft 0.4 in)35°39′44″N 139°43′02″E[5]
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoTokyoNezu Museum139.0 centimetres (4 ft 6.7 in) by 87.9 centimetres (2 ft 10.6 in)35°39′44″N 139°43′02″E[5]
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoKakogawaKakurin-jiImportant Cultural Property130.0 centimetres (4 ft 3.2 in) by 73.3 centimetres (2 ft 4.9 in)34°45′08″N 134°49′57″E
Amitabha Triadcirca C13New York CityMetropolitan Museum of Art114.9 centimetres (3 ft 9.2 in) by 59.1 centimetres (1 ft 11.3 in)40°46′45″N 73°57′47″W
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoKyotoChion-in170.3 centimetres (5 ft 7.0 in) by 92.2 centimetres (3 ft 0.3 in)35°00′22″N 135°47′02″E[12]
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoKyotoChion-in160.6 centimetres (5 ft 3.2 in) by 80.6 centimetres (2 ft 7.7 in)35°00′22″N 135°47′02″E[5]
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoKyotoChion-in160.6 centimetres (5 ft 3.2 in) by 80.6 centimetres (2 ft 7.7 in)35°00′22″N 135°47′02″E[5]
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoKyotoChion-in160.6 centimetres (5 ft 3.2 in) by 80.6 centimetres (2 ft 7.7 in)35°00′22″N 135°47′02″E[5]
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoSakaiHōdō-ji (法道寺)Municipal Cultural Property166.4 centimetres (5 ft 5.5 in) by 88.8 centimetres (2 ft 11.0 in)34°27′50″N 135°31′04″E
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
C13/14TokyoTokyo National Museum122.9 centimetres (4 ft 0.4 in) by 56.6 centimetres (1 ft 10.3 in)35°43′08″N 139°46′35″E
Amitabha Triad
아미타삼존도
C14SeoulLeeum, Samsung Museum of ArtNational Treasure No. 218110.7 centimetres (3 ft 7.6 in) by 51.0 centimetres (1 ft 8.1 in)37°32′17″N 126°59′55″E
Amitabha Triad, colour on silk
絹本著色阿弥陀三尊像
kenpon chakushoku Amida sanzon zu
C14AtamiMOA Museum of ArtImportant Cultural Property100.9 centimetres (3 ft 3.7 in) by 54.2 centimetres (1 ft 9.3 in)35°06′32″N 139°04′30″E[4]
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoKobeHakutsuru Fine Art Museum133.3 centimetres (4 ft 4.5 in) by 58.9 centimetres (1 ft 11.2 in)34°43′52″N 135°15′29″E[5]
Amitabha TriadC14New York CityBrooklyn Museum130.2 centimetres (4 ft 3.3 in) by 81.9 centimetres (2 ft 8.2 in)40°40′17″N 73°57′50″W
Amitabha Triad, colour on silk
絹本著色阿弥陀三尊像
kenpon chakushoku Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoMaizuruMatsunoo-dera (松尾寺)Prefectural Cultural Property109.5 centimetres (3 ft 7.1 in) by 55.7 centimetres (1 ft 9.9 in)35°29′50″N 135°28′10″E
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoKyotoSen-oku Hakuko Kan130.0 centimetres (4 ft 3.2 in) by 83.0 centimetres (2 ft 8.7 in)35°01′03″N 135°47′34″E[12]
Amitabha Triad, colour on silk
絹本著色阿弥陀三尊像
kenpon chakushoku Amida sanzon zō
late GoryeoKyotoChion-ji (知恩寺)103.0 centimetres (3 ft 4.6 in) by 86.0 centimetres (2 ft 9.9 in)35°01′49″N 135°46′51″E
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoKyotoprivate99.2 centimetres (3 ft 3.1 in) by 51.7 centimetres (1 ft 8.4 in)[12]
Amitabha Triad
阿弥陀三尊図
Amida sanzon zu
late GoryeoIzumoIchibata-ji (一畑寺)[12]
Amitabha Triad, colour on silk
絹本著色阿弥陀三尊像
kenpon chakushoku Amida sanzon zō
late GoryeoTsuSenju-ji (専修寺)Important Cultural Property168.5 centimetres (5 ft 6.3 in) by 92.4 centimetres (3 ft 0.4 in)34°45′43″N 136°30′13″E
Amitabha Triad, colour on silk
絹本著色阿弥陀三尊像
kenpon chakushoku Amida sanzon zō
late GoryeoTokyoŌkura Museum of Art113.0 centimetres (3 ft 8.5 in) by 61.0 centimetres (2 ft 0 in)35°40′01″N 139°44′36″E[12]
Shakyamuni and Two AttendantsC14ClevelandCleveland Museum of Art217.8 centimetres (7 ft 1.7 in) by 112.7 centimetres (3 ft 8.4 in)41°30′32″N 81°36′41″W
Amitabha Triad, gold with blue ground on silk
絹本紺地金泥阿弥陀三尊像
kenpon konji kindei Amida sanson zō
1359KōfuHontai-ji (尊躰寺)Municipal Cultural Property164.9 centimetres (5 ft 4.9 in) by 85.6 centimetres (2 ft 9.7 in)35°39′35″N 138°34′48″E
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvaslate GoryeoSeoulNational Museum of Korea21.0 centimetres (8.3 in) by 13.0 centimetres (5.1 in)37°31′24″N 126°58′47″E[12]
Sakyamuni with Eight Great Bodhisattvas, colour on silk
絹本著色釈迦八大菩薩像
kenpon chakushoku Shaka hachidai bosatsu zō
1320YamatokōriyamaMatsuo-dera (松尾寺)Important Cultural Property177.3 centimetres (5 ft 9.8 in) by 91.2 centimetres (2 ft 11.9 in)34°38′03″N 135°43′41″E
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas, colour on silk
絹本着色阿弥陀八大菩薩像
kenpon chakushoku Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
late GoryeoSagaproperty of Kōfuku-ji (広福寺), more properly Kōfukugokokuzen-ji (廣福護国禅寺) in Takeo; kept at the Saga Prefectural MuseumPrefectural Cultural Property155.4 centimetres (5 ft 1.2 in) by 87.2 centimetres (2 ft 10.3 in)33°14′42″N 130°18′02″E
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas
阿弥陀八大菩薩像
Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
C14TokyoThe University Art Museum, Tokyo University of the Arts (東京藝術大学大学美術館)180.3 centimetres (5 ft 11.0 in) by 92.5 centimetres (3 ft 0.4 in)35°43′09″N 139°46′17″E
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas
阿弥陀八大菩薩像
Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
late GoryeoAshikagaBanna-ji (鑁阿寺)alternatively identified as Shakyamauni with Eight Great Bodhisattvas (Prefectural Cultural Property) and dated to the Muromachi period[16]153.0 centimetres (5 ft 0.2 in) by 84.3 centimetres (2 ft 9.2 in)36°20′15″N 139°27′08″E[5]
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas
阿弥陀八大菩薩像
Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
late GoryeoNaraYamato Bunkakan110.2 centimetres (3 ft 7.4 in) by 57.7 centimetres (1 ft 10.7 in)34°41′43″N 135°45′24″E[12]
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas
阿弥陀八大菩薩像
2nd half C14San FranciscoAsian Art Museum151.1 centimetres (4 ft 11.5 in) by 88.7 centimetres (2 ft 10.9 in)37°46′49″N 122°24′59″W
Amitabha with Eight Great BodhisattvasC14Washington, D.C.Freer Gallery of Art160.3 centimetres (5 ft 3.1 in) by 86.0 centimetres (2 ft 9.9 in)38°53′17″N 77°01′39″W
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas
阿弥陀八大菩薩像
Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
C14NagoyaTokugawa Art Museum143.0 centimetres (4 ft 8.3 in) by 87.0 centimetres (2 ft 10.3 in)35°11′02″N 136°56′00″E
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas
阿弥陀八大菩薩像
Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
late GoryeoKyotoJōkyō-ji (浄教寺)173.1 centimetres (5 ft 8.1 in) by 91.1 centimetres (2 ft 11.9 in)35°00′10″N 135°46′02″E[3]
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas
阿弥陀八大菩薩像
Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
late GoryeoKobeprivate
former Kawasaki collection (川崎家旧蔵)
107.3 centimetres (3 ft 6.2 in) by 58.5 centimetres (1 ft 11.0 in)[12]
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas
阿弥陀八大菩薩像
Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
late GoryeoTokyoNezu Museum222.5 centimetres (7 ft 3.6 in) by 166.8 centimetres (5 ft 5.7 in)35°39′44″N 139°43′02″E[5]
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas
紫絹金銀泥絵 阿弥陀八大菩薩像
shiken kingin doro-e Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
end of the Goryeo periodTsurugaZenmyō-ji (善妙寺)Prefectural Cultural Property155.0 centimetres (5 ft 1.0 in) by 146.0 centimetres (4 ft 9.5 in)35°39′13″N 136°04′19″E
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas
阿弥陀八菩薩像
Amida hachi bosatsu zō
mid-/late C14Nishioproperty of Keigan-ji (桂岩寺); kept at the Iwase Bunko Library (西尾市岩瀬文庫)Municipal Cultural Property139.4 centimetres (4 ft 6.9 in) by 85.0 centimetres (2 ft 9.5 in)34°52′28″N 137°03′14″E
Amitabha with Eight Great Bodhisattvas, colour on silk
絹本着色阿弥陀八大菩薩像
kenpon chakushoku Amida hachidai bosatsu zō
ŌtsuShiga-in (滋賀院)35°04′11″N 135°52′03″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色楊柳観音像
kenpon chakushoku Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
KaratsuKagami Jinja (鏡神社)Important Cultural Property419.5 centimetres (13 ft 9.2 in) by 254.2 centimetres (8 ft 4.1 in)33°25′56″N 130°00′29″E[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色楊柳観音像〈徐九方筆/至治三年六月の年記がある〉
kenpon chakushoku Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
1323KyotoSen-oku Hakuko KanImportant Cultural Property164.8 centimetres (5 ft 4.9 in) by 101.7 centimetres (3 ft 4.0 in)35°01′03″N 135°47′34″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
TokyoSensō-ji144.0 centimetres (4 ft 8.7 in) by 62.6 centimetres (2 ft 0.6 in)35°42′52″N 139°47′49″E[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
late GoryeoNaraYamato Bunkakan100.4 centimetres (3 ft 3.5 in) by 49.6 centimetres (1 ft 7.5 in)34°41′43″N 135°45′24″E[12]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色楊柳観音像
kenpon chakushoku Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
KyotoDaitoku-jiImportant Cultural Property227.9 centimetres (7 ft 5.7 in) by 135.8 centimetres (4 ft 5.5 in)35°02′38″N 135°44′46″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色楊柳観音像
kenpon chakushoku Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
KyotoDaitoku-jiImportant Cultural Property154.3 centimetres (5 ft 0.7 in) by 84.7 centimetres (2 ft 9.3 in)35°02′38″N 135°44′46″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色楊柳観音像
kenpon chakushoku Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
KyotoDaitoku-jiImportant Cultural Property129.6 centimetres (4 ft 3.0 in) by 63.8 centimetres (2 ft 1.1 in)35°02′38″N 135°44′46″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
KyotoYūrinkan Museum (藤井斉成会有鄰館)105.5 centimetres (3 ft 5.5 in) by 54.3 centimetres (1 ft 9.4 in)35°00′42″N 135°46′53″E[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
AtamiMOA Museum of Art99.0 centimetres (3 ft 3.0 in) by 46.2 centimetres (1 ft 6.2 in)35°06′32″N 139°04′30″E[12]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
late GoryeoSakuraiTanzan Jinja110.0 centimetres (3 ft 7.3 in) by 57.7 centimetres (1 ft 10.7 in)34°27′57″N 135°51′42″E[3]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色楊柳観音像
kenpon chakushoku Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
MiyoshiChōraku-ji (長楽寺)Important Cultural Property119.0 centimetres (3 ft 10.9 in) by 63.5 centimetres (2 ft 1.0 in)34°01′48″N 133°51′44″E[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色楊柳観音像
kenpon chakushoku Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
ŌtsuShōjuraigō-ji (聖衆来迎寺)Important Cultural Property145.5 centimetres (4 ft 9.3 in) by 82.7 centimetres (2 ft 8.6 in)35°04′21″N 135°53′09″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
KōyaHōju-in (宝寿院)166.4 centimetres (5 ft 5.5 in) by 88.8 centimetres (2 ft 11.0 in) 34°12′53″N 135°34′40″E[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
TaishiEifuku-ji (叡福寺)99.9 centimetres (3 ft 3.3 in) by 50.7 centimetres (1 ft 8.0 in)34°31′07″N 135°38′23″E[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色楊柳観音像
kenpon chakushoku Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
2nd half C14Nishioproperty of Yōju-ji (養寿寺); kept at the Iwase Bunko Library (西尾市岩瀬文庫)Prefectural Cultural Property101.0 centimetres (3 ft 3.8 in) by 56.0 centimetres (1 ft 10.0 in)34°52′28″N 137°03′14″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色白衣観音像
kenpon chakushoku Byakue Kannon zō
수월관음도
late GoryeoKobeTaisan-jiImportant Cultural Property109.2 centimetres (3 ft 7.0 in) by 56.7 centimetres (1 ft 10.3 in)34°41′47″N 135°04′01″E[3]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
수월관음보살도
水月観音菩薩図
C14SeoulLeeum, Samsung Museum of ArtTreasure No. 926119.2 centimetres (3 ft 10.9 in) by 59.8 centimetres (1 ft 11.5 in)37°32′17″N 126°59′55″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
HitoyoshiGanjō-ji (願成寺)106.6 centimetres (3 ft 6.0 in) by 48.6 centimetres (1 ft 7.1 in)32°13′05″N 130°46′21″E[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
late GoryeoNaraNara National Museum163.0 centimetres (5 ft 4.2 in) by 84.7 centimetres (2 ft 9.3 in)34°41′01″N 135°50′12″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
late GoryeoCambridgeHarvard Art Museums158.3 centimetres (5 ft 2.3 in) by 82.1 centimetres (2 ft 8.3 in)42°22′27″N 71°06′51″W[12]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
1st half C14New York CityMetropolitan Museum of Artthe encounter with Sudhana (lower right) is recounted in the Avatamsaka Sutra114.5 centimetres (3 ft 9.1 in) by 55.6 centimetres (1 ft 9.9 in)40°46′45″N 73°57′47″W
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
late Goryeo(Hyōgo Prefecture)private163.9 centimetres (5 ft 4.5 in) by 61.0 centimetres (2 ft 0 in)[12]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
late Goryeo(Fukuoka Prefecture)108.5 centimetres (3 ft 6.7 in) by 57.1 centimetres (1 ft 10.5 in)[12]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
C14CologneMuseum für Ostasiatische Kunst, Köln98.0 centimetres (3 ft 2.6 in) by 55.0 centimetres (1 ft 9.7 in)50°56′06″N 6°55′32″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
late Goryeo(Okayama Prefecture)private143.8 centimetres (4 ft 8.6 in) by 77.2 centimetres (2 ft 6.4 in)[12]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
late Goryeo(Okayama Prefecture)Chōraku-ji (長楽寺)152.3 centimetres (5 ft 0 in) by 86.5 centimetres (2 ft 10.1 in)[12]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色楊柳観音像
kenpon chakushoku Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
Tottoriproperty of Bujō-ji (豊乗寺) in Chizu; kept at the Tottori Prefectural MuseumImportant Cultural Property106.0 centimetres (3 ft 5.7 in) by 54.6 centimetres (1 ft 9.5 in)35°30′30″N 134°14′10″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
SakuraiHase-dera99.0 centimetres (3 ft 3.0 in) by 52.5 centimetres (1 ft 8.7 in)34°32′09″N 135°54′25″E[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
late GoryeoParisMusée Guimet105.0 centimetres (3 ft 5.3 in) by 58.0 centimetres (1 ft 10.8 in)48°51′54″N 2°17′37″E[3]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
mid-C14Washington, D.C.Freer Gallery of Art98.3 centimetres (3 ft 2.7 in) by 47.7 centimetres (1 ft 6.8 in)38°53′17″N 77°01′39″W
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
水月観音像
suigetsu Kannon zō
수월관음도
late GoryeoTokyoSeikadō Bunko Art Museum35°37′21″N 139°37′09″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
KamakuraKenchō-ji141.5 centimetres (4 ft 7.7 in) by 77.2 centimetres (2 ft 6.4 in)35°19′54″N 139°33′18″E[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
KōyaDaitoku-in (大徳院)143.8 centimetres (4 ft 8.6 in) by 77.2 centimetres (2 ft 6.4 in)[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
楊柳観音像
Yōryū Kannon zō
수월관음도
99.0 centimetres (3 ft 3.0 in) by 49.0 centimetres (1 ft 7.3 in)[5]
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本着色楊柳観音坐像
kenpon chakushoku Yōryū Kannon zazō
수월관음도
mid-C14Shimonosekiproperty of Kōzan-ji; kept at the Shimonoseki Chōfu Museum (下関市立長府博物館)Prefectural Cultural Property146.9 centimetres (4 ft 9.8 in) by 85.8 centimetres (2 ft 9.8 in)33°59′44″N 130°58′56″E
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
水月観音図
수월관음도(水月觀音圖)
late GoryeoYonginAmore pacific museum of artTreasure No. 1426
Avalokiteśvara
観音像
Kannon zō
late GoryeoGifu PrefectureTōkō-ji (東光時)109.2 centimetres (3 ft 7.0 in) by 53.7 centimetres (1 ft 9.1 in)[5]
White-Robed Avalokiteśvara
白衣観音像
Byakue Kannon zō
TokyoAgency for Cultural Affairs99.0 centimetres (3 ft 3.0 in) by 40.3 centimetres (1 ft 3.9 in)[5]
White-Robed Avalokiteśvara, colour on silk
絹本著色白衣観音図
kenpon chakushoku Byakue Kannon zu
1377NaraNara National Museumwhite-robed and seated on a grass-covered rock; according to the fifth chapter of the Mahavairocana Sutra, the white is the "whiteness of the pure aspiration of enlightenment"; ink inscription in the upper right corner: 稽首淨聖甘露除焔 | 眞大依怙普施福縁 | 丁巳仲夏 | 壽峯海燁謹題; stylistic considerations date 丁巳 (Yin Fire Snake according to the Sexagenary cycle) to 1377; of Goryeo, Yuan or Ming origin; Important Cultural Property[17][18]99.1 centimetres (3 ft 3.0 in) by 40.3 centimetres (1 ft 3.9 in)34°41′01″N 135°50′12″E
AvalokiteśvaraC14ClevelandCleveland Museum of Art155.0 centimetres (5 ft 1.0 in) by 51.4 centimetres (1 ft 8.2 in)41°30′32″N 81°36′41″W
Avalokitesvara with One Thousand Arms
천수천안관음도
千手観音図
C14SeoulLeeum, Samsung Museum of Art93.8 centimetres (3 ft 0.9 in) by 51.2 centimetres (1 ft 8.2 in)37°32′17″N 126°59′55″E
KsitigarbhaSeoulNational Museum of Korea21.0 centimetres (8.3 in) by 12.0 centimetres (4.7 in)[12]
Ksitigarbha
地藏菩薩像
Jizō bosatsu zō
FukuokaZendō-ji (善導寺)Municipal Cultural Property111.0 centimetres (3 ft 7.7 in) by 43.5 centimetres (1 ft 5.1 in)33°35′58″N 130°24′38″E[19]
Ksitigarbha
地藏菩薩像
Jizō bosatsu zō
late GoryeoTokyoNezu Museum155.4 centimetres (5 ft 1.2 in) by 87.2 centimetres (2 ft 10.3 in)35°39′44″N 139°43′02″E[3]
Ksitigarbha
地藏菩薩像
Jizō bosatsu zō
C14NagoyaTokugawa Art Museum105.1 centimetres (3 ft 5.4 in) by 43.9 centimetres (1 ft 5.3 in)35°11′02″N 136°56′00″E
Ksitigarbha
地藏菩薩図
Jizō bosatsu zu
C14NaraChūgū-ji102.5 centimetres (3 ft 4.4 in) by 40.0 centimetres (1 ft 3.7 in)34°36′54″N 135°44′22″E[12]
Ksitigarbha
地藏菩薩図
Jizō bosatsu zu
C14(Shiga Prefecture)Hōren-ji (法蓮寺)93.0 centimetres (3 ft 0.6 in) by 38.5 centimetres (1 ft 3.2 in)[12]
Ksitigarbha, colour on silk
絹本著色地蔵菩薩像
kenpon chakushoku Jizō bosatsu zō
C14Nishioproperty of Yōju-ji (養寿寺); kept at the Iwase Bunko Library (西尾市岩瀬文庫)Prefectural Cultural Property101.0 centimetres (3 ft 3.8 in) by 56.0 centimetres (1 ft 10.0 in)34°52′28″N 137°03′14″E
Hooded Ksitigarbha, colour on silk
絹本著色被帽地蔵菩薩像
kenpon chakushoku hibō Jizō bosatsu zō
KamakuraEngaku-jiImportant Cultural Property239.4 centimetres (7 ft 10.3 in) by 130.0 centimetres (4 ft 3.2 in)35°20′12″N 139°32′52″E[5]
Ksitigarbha
지장도
地藏図
C14SeoulLeeum, Samsung Museum of ArtTreasure No. 784104.0 centimetres (3 ft 4.9 in) by 55.3 centimetres (1 ft 9.8 in)37°32′17″N 126°59′55″E
Ksitigarbha1st half C14New York CityMetropolitan Museum of Art84.5 centimetres (2 ft 9.3 in) by 36.8 centimetres (1 ft 2.5 in)40°46′45″N 73°57′47″W
Ksitigarbhalate C13/early C14Washington, D.C.Arthur M. Sackler Gallery107.6 centimetres (3 ft 6.4 in) by 49.4 centimetres (1 ft 7.4 in)38°53′17″N 77°01′37″W
Ksitigarbha
지장보살도
late C14BostonMuseum of Fine Arts, Boston92 centimetres (3 ft 0 in) by 40 centimetres (1 ft 4 in)42°20′21″N 71°05′39″W
Ksitigarbha with the Ten Kings of Hell, colour on silk
絹本著色地蔵十王像
kenpon chakushoku Jizō jūō zu
late GoryeoKasaokaNikkō-ji (日光寺)Important Cultural Property117.1 centimetres (3 ft 10.1 in) by 59.2 centimetres (1 ft 11.3 in)34°27′08″N 133°30′41″E
Ksitigarbha with the Ten Kings of Hell
地蔵十王図
Jizō jūō zu
late GoryeoTokyoSeikadō Bunko Art Museum143.5 centimetres (4 ft 8.5 in) by 55.9 centimetres (1 ft 10.0 in)35°37′21″N 139°37′09″E
Ksitigarbha with the Ten Kings of Hell
地蔵十王像
Jizō jūō zu
late GoryeoSeoulHorim MuseumTreasure No. 1048111.1 centimetres (3 ft 7.7 in) by 60.4 centimetres (1 ft 11.8 in)37°28′51″N 126°55′06″E
Ksitigarbha with the Ten Kings of Hell
地蔵十王図
Jizō jūō zu
late GoryeoBerlinMuseum für Asiatische Kunst109.0 centimetres (3 ft 6.9 in) by 56.8 centimetres (1 ft 10.4 in)52°27′26″N 13°17′35″E[20]
Ksitigarbha with the Ten Kings of Hell
地蔵十王図
Jizō jūō zu
late GoryeoSagaeKezō-in (華蔵院)Municipal Cultural Property115.2 centimetres (3 ft 9.4 in) by 59.1 centimetres (1 ft 11.3 in)38°24′37″N 140°15′07″E
Avalokitesvara and Ksitigarbha
観音地蔵像
Kannon Jizō zō
late GoryeoTsurugaSaifuku-ji (西福寺)99.0 centimetres (3 ft 3.0 in) by 52.2 centimetres (1 ft 8.6 in)35°39′25″N 136°01′56″E[5]
AvalokitesvaraTakatoriMinamihōkke-ji (南法華寺)105.9 centimetres (3 ft 5.7 in) by 36.4 centimetres (1 ft 2.3 in)34°25′35″N 135°48′36″E[6]
KsitigarbhaTakatoriMinamihōkke-ji (南法華寺)105.9 centimetres (3 ft 5.7 in) by 36.4 centimetres (1 ft 2.3 in)34°25′35″N 135°48′36″E[6]
Avalokitesvara and Ksitigarbha
観音地蔵像
Kannon Jizō zō
late GoryeoGujōAna-in (阿名院)90.2 centimetres (2 ft 11.5 in) by 45.0 centimetres (1 ft 5.7 in)[12]
Amitabha and Ksitigarbha1st half C14New York CityMetropolitan Museum of Artpigments were applied to both sides of the silk; the only surviving example of this iconography; more typical is an Amitabha Triad featuring also Avalokiteśvara94.6 centimetres (3 ft 1.2 in) by 55.6 centimetres (1 ft 9.9 in)40°46′45″N 73°57′47″W
Ksitigarbha Triad
地藏三尊図
지장보살삼존도
late GoryeoSeoulHorim MuseumTreasure No. 128798.8 centimetres (3 ft 2.9 in) by 50.2 centimetres (1 ft 7.8 in)[3]
Ksitigarbha Mandala
絹本著色地蔵曼荼羅図
kenpon chakushoku Jizō mandara zu
late Goryeo/early JoseonHigashikagawaYoda-ji (与田寺)six bodhisattvas and two further figures form a circle beneath Ksitigarbha; of Yuan, Goryeo, or early Joseon origin; Important Cultural Property128.0 centimetres (4 ft 2.4 in) by 76.5 centimetres (2 ft 6.1 in)34°14′30″N 134°19′18″E[21]
Ksitigarbha Mandala
地藏曼荼羅図
Jizō mandara zu
104.3 centimetres (3 ft 5.1 in) by 55.6 centimetres (1 ft 9.9 in)[5]
Sakyamuni Triad and Sixteen Arhats
석가삼존십육나한도
釈迦三尊十六羅漢図
C14SeoulLeeum, Samsung Museum of Art93.0 centimetres (3 ft 0.6 in) by 46.2 centimetres (1 ft 6.2 in)37°32′17″N 126°59′55″E
Marici
摩利支天像
Marishiten zō
late GoryeoKyotoShōtaku-in (聖澤院)Important Cultural Property97.4 centimetres (3 ft 2.3 in) by 54.0 centimetres (1 ft 9.3 in)35°01′22″N 135°43′09″E
Taishakuten
帝釈天像
Taishakuten zō
late GoryeoTokyoSeikadō Bunko Art Museum35°37′21″N 139°37′09″E
Devadatta, colour on paper
紙本著色提婆達多像
shihon chakushoku Daibadatta zō
YokohamaSōji-jiImportant Cultural Property150.2 centimetres (4 ft 11.1 in) by 91.6 centimetres (3 ft 0.1 in)35°30′25″N 139°40′12″E
Shuyajin, colour on silk
絹本著色主夜神像
kenpon chakushoku Shuyajin zō
end of the Goryeo periodTsurugaSaifuku-ji (西福寺)Important Cultural Property161.0 centimetres (5 ft 3.4 in) by 91.0 centimetres (2 ft 11.8 in)35°39′25″N 136°01′56″E
Nirvana painting, colour on silk
絹本著色仏涅槃図
kenpon chakushoku Butsu nehan zu
HiradoSaikyō-ji (最教寺)Important Cultural Property33°21′50″N 129°33′10″E
500 Arhats
五百羅漢図
gohyaku Rakan zu
KyotoChion-in35°00′22″N 135°47′02″E[6]
Arhat 15
羅漢図
Rakan zu
C13SeoulNational Museum of Korea53.5 centimetres (1 ft 9.1 in) by 39.5 centimetres (1 ft 3.6 in)37°31′24″N 126°58′47″E[3]
Arhat 23
五百羅漢図
gohyaku Rakan zu
1235TokyoTokyo National Museum60.2 centimetres (1 ft 11.7 in) by 41.6 centimetres (1 ft 4.4 in)35°43′08″N 139°46′35″E
Arhat
五百羅漢図
gohyaku Rakan zu
1235TokyoIdemitsu Museum of Arts59.0 centimetres (1 ft 11.2 in) by 41.3 centimetres (1 ft 4.3 in)35°40′36″N 139°45′39″E[3]
Arhat 92
羅漢図
Rakan zu
1235SeoulNational Museum of Korea64.7 centimetres (2 ft 1.5 in) by 42.2 centimetres (1 ft 4.6 in)37°31′24″N 126°58′47″E[3]
Arhat 125
羅漢図
Rakan zu
1235SeoulNational Museum of Korea57.0 centimetres (1 ft 10.4 in) by 50.2 centimetres (1 ft 7.8 in)37°31′24″N 126°58′47″E[3]
Arhat 145
羅漢図
Rakan zu
1236SeoulNational Museum of Korea59.2 centimetres (1 ft 11.3 in) by 42.0 centimetres (1 ft 4.5 in)37°31′24″N 126°58′47″E[3]
Arhat 170
羅漢図
Rakan zu
1236SeoulNational Museum of Korea53.9 centimetres (1 ft 9.2 in) by 37.7 centimetres (1 ft 2.8 in)37°31′24″N 126°58′47″E[3]
Arhat 329
羅漢図
Rakan zu
1235KoreaIlamgwan59.0 centimetres (1 ft 11.2 in) by 42.0 centimetres (1 ft 4.5 in)37°31′24″N 126°58′47″E[3]
Arhat 357
羅漢図
Rakan zu
1235SeoulNational Museum of Korea52.5 centimetres (1 ft 8.7 in) by 36.8 centimetres (1 ft 2.5 in)37°31′24″N 126°58′47″E[3]
Arhat 427
羅漢図
Rakan zu
1236SeoulNational Museum of Korea58.2 centimetres (1 ft 10.9 in) by 40.4 centimetres (1 ft 3.9 in)37°31′24″N 126°58′47″E[3]
500 Arhats
五百羅漢図
gohyaku Rakan zu
123555.1 centimetres (1 ft 9.7 in) by 38.1 centimetres (1 ft 3.0 in)[5]
Arhat1235ClevelandCleveland Museum of Artone of circa ten known fragments of a hand scroll depicting 500 Arhats, remounted as a hanging scroll54.29 centimetres (1 ft 9.37 in) by 40.64 centimetres (1 ft 4.00 in)41°30′32″N 81°36′41″W
Maitreya TriadHōkyō-ji (寳鏡寺)[6]
Visualization of the Hwaom Pure LandC13five main buddhas are at the bottom, fifty-two bodhisattvas descend on clouds; ink, colour, and gold on silk; sold at Christie's in 2003131.1 centimetres (4 ft 3.6 in) by 58.5 centimetres (1 ft 11.0 in)
Chin'gwang Wang, First of the Ten Kings of HellC14CambridgeHarvard Art Museumsthe inscription in the upper right corner reads 第一秦廣王 (No. 1 Chin'gwang Wang)61.5 centimetres (2 ft 0.2 in) by 45 centimetres (1 ft 6 in)42°22′27″N 71°06′51″W
Wu-kuan Wang, Fourth of the Ten Kings of HellC14New York Cityprivatesold at Christie's in 199261.2 centimetres (2 ft 0.1 in) by 45 centimetres (1 ft 6 in)
Yen-lo Wang, Fifth of the Ten Kings of HellC14New York Cityprivatesold at Christie's in 199261.2 centimetres (2 ft 0.1 in) by 45 centimetres (1 ft 6 in)
P'ing-cheng Wang, Eighth of the Ten Kings of HellC14New York Cityprivatesold at Christie's in 199261.2 centimetres (2 ft 0.1 in) by 45 centimetres (1 ft 6 in)
Wu-tao Chuan-lin Wang, Tenth of the Ten Kings of HellC14New York Cityprivatesold at Christie's in 199261.2 centimetres (2 ft 0.1 in) by 45 centimetres (1 ft 6 in)

References

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  2. Chung Ah-young (10 October 2010). "National museum to feature Goryeo Buddhist paintings". The Korea Times. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  3. Masterpieces of Goryeo Buddhist Painting (in Korean and English). National Museum of Korea. 2010. ISBN 978-89-960957-8-1.
  4. Junhyoung Michael Shin (2004). "Iconographic Surrogates: Contemplating Amitābha Images in the Late Koryō Dynasty (Fourteenth Century)". Archives of Asian Art. University of Hawaii Press. 55: 1–15. JSTOR 20111324.
  5. Yamato Bunkakan, ed. (1978). 特別展高麗仏画: わが国に請来された隣国の金色の仏たち [Special Exhibition: Korean Buddhist Paintings of Koryo Dynasty (918-1392)] (in Japanese). Yamato Bunkakan.
  6. Chung Woothak (2010). "Identity of Goryeo Buddhist Painting" (PDF). The International Journal of Korean Art and Archaeology. National Museum of Korea. 4: 12–29.
  7. Kim Junghee (2010). "The Patrons of Goryeo Buddhist Painting" (PDF). The International Journal of Korean Art and Archaeology. National Museum of Korea. 4: 30–61.
  8. Park Eunkyung (2010). "On the Periphery of Goryeo Buddhist Painting: Preliminary Study of the Silk Weave, Width of the Silk and Enshrinement of Works" (PDF). The International Journal of Korean Art and Archaeology. National Museum of Korea. 4: 62–91.
  9. Kumja Paik Kim, ed. (2003). Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment, 918-1392. Asian Art Museum. p. 319.
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  11. Fujimoto Yuji (2012). 高麗仏画の振幅 : 養寿寺・泉屋博古館・浅草寺所蔵「水月観音(楊柳観音)像」を中心に [Variation on Buddhist paintings of the Goryeo Dynasty: focussing on the Water-Moon Bodhisattvas at Senso-ji temple, Youju-ji temple and Sen-oku Hakoku Kan Museum] (PDF). Jinbun (in Japanese). Gakushuin University. 11: 189–216.
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  13. 高砂市内の文化財を訪ねて [Cultural Properties in Takasago] (PDF) (in Japanese). Takasago City. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  14. 絹本著色阿弥陀三尊像 [Amida Triad, colour on silk] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
  15. Ariga Yoshitaka (1973). 阿弥陀三尊像 (上杉神社蔵) [Amida Triad at Uesugi Jinja]. Ars Buddhica (in Japanese). Mainichi Shimbunsha. 91: 42–45.
  16. 絹本著色釈迦八大菩薩像 [Shakyamuni with Eight Great Bodhisattvas, colour on silk] (in Japanese). Tochigi Prefecture. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  17. "Byakue Kannon". Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  18. 白衣観音像 [Byakue Kannon] (in Japanese). Nara National Museum. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  19. Kumagai Nobuo (1969). 善導寺蔵地蔵菩薩画像 [Painting of Ksitigarbha at Zendō-ji]. Bijutsu Kenkyū (in Japanese). Tokyo Research Institute for Cultural Properties. 265: 36–37.
  20. Pak Youngsook (1977). "Ksitigarbha as Supreme Lord of the Underworld: a Korean Buddhist Painting in the Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst in Berlin". Oriental Art Magazine. XXIII (1): 96–104.
  21. Takeda Kazuaki (1989). 香川・与田寺の地蔵曼荼羅図について [Concerning the Ksitigarbha Mandala at Yoda-ji, Kagawa]. 密教文化 (in Japanese). 164: 37–57.
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