List of Metamorphoses characters

This is a list of characters in the poem Metamorphoses by Ovid. It contains more than 200 characters, summaries of their roles, and information on where they appear. The descriptions vary in length and comprehensiveness, upgrading characters who were actually metamorphosed, who play a significant role, or about whom a certain background knowledge is required to understand the Metamorphoses. The major Roman gods in general play significant roles in all of the stories, but only their attributes are listed under their own name—their specific roles are summarized under the individual involved characters' names (e.g. Apollo's role in the myth of Hyacinthus is listed under Hyacinthus).

Cover of George Sandys's 1632 edition of Ovid's Metamorphosis Englished

Characters
NameRoleAppearance(s) in Metamorphoses (Book: verses)Ref(s)
AbarisOne of Phineus' men at Perseus' wedding.V: 137[1]
AchelousFather of the Sirens and patron deity of the Achelous River.V: 552, VIII: 549–727, IX: 3-413[2]
AchillesSon of Peleus and the nymph Thetis. Achilles was foreseen an early death if he joined the Greeks in the Trojan War so his mother disguised him as a girl to protect him. Ulysses, however, discovered him and convinced him to join the battle.VIII: 309, XI: 265, XII: 73-615, XIII: 30-597, XV: 856[3]
AcisSon of Faunus and a river nymph. The lover of Galatea (deity).XIII: 750-896[4]
AcmonOne of the Greek hero Diomedes' men from Pleuron, Aetolia. Metamorphosed into a bird.XIV: 484-505[5]
AcoetesBacchus' alias towards Pentheus. Acoetes was a Tyrrhenian man from Lydia.III: 582-696[6]
ActaeonGrandson of Cadmus. He accidentally saw Diana naked and was metamorphosed into a stag as a punishment.III: 146-721[7]
AdonisSon of King Cinyras of Cyprus and his daughter Myrrha. Beloved by the goddesses Venus and Proserpina. He was to spend one third of the year with each of them – the last part was at his own disposal, which he used together with Venus. Adonis died during a boar hunt and Venus' grief showed itself as the delicate flower anemone.X: 529-730[8]
AeacusSon of Jupiter and the nymph Aegina, father of Telamon, Peleus, and Phocus, and king of Aegina. Aeacus became one of the judges in the Underworld after his death.VII: 472–668, VIII: 4, IX: 435–440, XI: 227–250, XIII: 25-33[9]
AeëtesSon of Sol, father of Medea, and king of Colchis.VII: 9-170[10]
AegeusSon of Pandion, husband of Medea, father of Theseus, and king of Athens. Aegeus almost killed Theseus at Medea's urging.VII: 402–502, IX: 448, XI: 663, XII: 342, XV: 856[11]
AeneasSon of Venus and Anchises (of the Dardanian dynasty). Aeneas was one of the few Trojan survivors after the Trojan War who was not enslaved. He fled with his father, Anchises, on his back. Escaping to Italy with the help of his mother his group, the Aeneids, became the progenitors of the Romans. Upon his death he was deified as Jupiter Indiges by request of his mother.XIII: 624–681, XIV: 78-603, XV: 437-861[12]
AesacusSon of King Priam. Mourning the death of his lover he was metamorphosed into a bird.XI: 763, XII: 1[13]
AesculapiusGod of medicine and healing. Son of Apollo and Coronis.II: 629-654[14]
AesonFather of Jason and king of Iolcus, Thessaly. He was usurped the throne from his brother Pelias.VII: 60-303[15]
AgamemnonSon of Atreus and king of Mycene. He led the Greeks in the Trojan War.XII: 626, XIII: 216–655, XV: 855[16]
AglaulusOne of the three daughters of Cecrops.II: 559-819[17]
Ajax the GreatGrandson of Aeacus and son of Telamon. Greek hero in the Trojan War.XII: 624, XIII: 2-390[18]
Ajax the LesserSon of Oïleus and Greek hero in the Trojan War. Among other things known for his raping the Trojan prophetess and princess Cassandra at the temple of Apollo.XII: 622, XIII: 356, XIV: 468[19]
AlcmeneQueen of Tiryns, wife of Amphitryon, and mother of Hercules by Jupiter.VI: 112, IX: 23-394[20]
AlcyoneDaughter of Aelous and wife of Ceyx.XI: 384-746[21]
AlthaeaDaughter of Thestius, wife of Oeneus, and mother of Meleager.VIII: 446-531[22]
AnaxareteCyprian maid who refused her suitor Iphis. Unmoved, even as he committed suicide, Venus turned her to stone.XIV: 698-748[23]
AndromedaDaughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia. She was chained to a rock as a sacrifice for her mother's bragging, but was saved by Perseus, whom she later married.IV: 670–739, V: 152[24]
AniusPriest of Apollo and king of Delos.XIII: 632-679[25]
ApolloGod of poetry, music, healing, and divination. Son of Jupiter and Latona and a great archer.I: 455, II: 543–677, III: 8–421, V: 328, VI: 250–383, VII: 324–389, VIII: 15–31, IX: 332–663, X: 132–209, XI: 58-412, XIII: 174–715, XIV: 133, XV: 630-865[26][27]
AquiloThe Northern wind. Roman equivalent of the Greek Boreas.I: 64, VI: 682–702, VII: 695, XII: 24, XIII: 418, XV: 471[28][29]
ArachneDaughter of Idmon. Boasted she could weave better than Minerva and won over her in a weaving contest. Jealous, the goddess metamorphosed Arachne into a spider.VI: 5-148[30]
ArcasSon of Jupiter and the nymph Callisto. Jealous of Callisto, Juno metamorphosed her into a bear, which Arcas killed, not knowing it was his mother. Jupiter took pity on the two and metamorphosed them into the constellations known as Ursa Major and Ursa Minor (the big bear and the little bear).II: 469-496[31]
ArethusaNymph and spring. She fled from the river god Alpheus to Syracusa, Sicily.V: 409-642[32]
ArgusMonster with a hundred eyes and the protector of Io.I: 625–720, II: 533[33]
Atalanta (huntress)Arcadian huntress.VIII: 317-426[34]
Atalanta (princess)Daughter of the Boeotian King Schoeneus.X: 560-669[35]
AthamasSon of Aeolus and husband of Ino (daughter of Cadmus).III: 564, IV: 420–517, XIII: 919[36]
AthisIndian demigod, one of Phineus' warriors at Perseus' wedding.V: 47-62[37]
AtlasTitan, son of Iapetus. He was metamorphosed into the North-West-African Atlas Mountains after he supported the Titans against the Olympian gods during the Titanomachy. He holds Uranus (the sky) on his shoulders.I: 682, II: 296–742, IV: 628–772, VI: 174, IX: 273, XV: 149[38]
AuroraGoddess of dawn and wife of Tithonus. Aurora is the Roman equivalent of the Greek Eos.II: 112–144, III: 149–600, IV: 629, V: 440, VI: 47, VII: 100–835, IX: 421, XIII: 576–621, XIV: 228, XV: 665[39][40]
AutolycusSon of Mercury and Chione and grandfather of Ulysses through his daughter, Anticlea.VIII: 738, XI: 313[41]
BacchusGod of wine, both its intoxicating effects as well as its social and beneficent influences. Son of Jupiter and Semele. He is viewed as the promoter of peace, a lawgiver, and a lover of peace. Roman equivalent of the Greek Dionysus.III: 316–733, IV: 3–613, V: 329, VI: 125–598, VII: 294–359, XI: 85–134, XII: 578, XIII: 639–651, XV: 114–413[42][43]
BattusOld man from Pylos.II: 688[44]
BaucisWife of Philemon.VIII: 631-714[45]
BoreasThe Northern wind. Greek name of the Roman Aquilo.I: 64, VI: 682–702, VII: 695, XII: 24, XIII: 418, XV: 471[46]
ByblisDaughter of Miletus. Byblis fell incestuously in love with Caunus, but as she could not get him she tried to kill herself, but was metamorphosed into a nymph.IX: 447–654[47]
CadmusSon of Agenor (who was king of Tyre, Phoenicia), brother of Europa, husband of Venus' daughter Harmonia, and the founder of Thebes. Cadmus was sent out to find and return his sister, Europa, to Phoenicia after she had been abducted by Jupiter.III: 3–64, IV: 472–595, VI: 177[48]
Caeneus/CaenisBorn the daughter – Caenis – of the Lapith Elatus. She was metamorphosed into an invulnerable, male hero – Caeneus – by Neptunus.VIII: 305, XII: 172-514[49]
CalchasSon of Thestor. Calchas was the Argive augur of the Greeks in the Trojan War.XII: 19-27[50]
CalliopeMuse and mother of Orpheus.V: 338, X: 148[51]
CallistoNymph and daughter of Lycaon. One of the followers of Diana.II: 443-508[52]
CanensNymph, daughter of Janus and Venilia, and wife of King Picus. Her husband was metamorphosed into a woodpecker by Circe, because he scorned her love, and when Canens could not find her metamorphosed husband she killed herself.XIV: 338-434[53]
CassandraDaughter of King Priam of Troy. She was a priestess of Apollo, gifted with the ability to predict the future but cursed so nobody would ever believe her prophecies. Cassandra was raped by Ajax the Lesser and taken as a concubine for Agamemnon at the fall of Troy, but they were later both killed by Agamemnons wife, Clytemnestra.XIII: 410, XIV: 468[54]
CaunusSon of Miletus and brother of Byblis. Byblis fell incestuously in love with Caunus, but as she could not get him she tried to kill herself, but was metamorphosed into a nymph.IX: 453-633[55]
CecropsThe mythical founder Athens. He is often depicted with his lower body as a snake.II: 555–784, VI: 70, VII: 485, VIII: 550, XV: 427[56]
CephalusGrandson of Aeolus and husband of Procris. Cephalus was an Athenian noble who accidentally killed his wife.VI: 681, VII: 493–865, VIII: 4[57]
CeresGoddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. Roman equivalent of the Greek Demeter.I: 123, V: 110–660, VI: 118, VII: 439, VIII: 274–814, IX: 422, X: 74-431, XI: 112–122, XIII: 639, XV: 122[58][59]
CeyxHusband of Alcyone and king of Thrace. He died in a shipwreck.XI: 271-740[60]
CharicloThe mother of Ocyrhoë by Chiron.II: 636[61]
CharybdisDaughter of Neptunus and Gaia. Charybdis was once a naiad, but was metamorphosed into a monster at the Sicilian coast by the Strait of Messina, opposite of the sea monster Scylla. Charybdis was a maelstrom which sucked any ship passing too close by into the deeps.VII: 63, VIII: 121, XIII: 730, XIV: 75[62]
ChioneDaughter of Daedalion.XI: 301[63]
ChironCentaur, son of Philyra and Saturnus and father of Ocyrhoë. Chiron was known for his wisdom and raised many heroes and godsons. Chiron was immortal since he was son of the Titan Saturnus, but after being hit by one of Hercules' arrows by accident he was poisoned by the Lernaean Hydra's blood. He then asked for death and was given it. When he died he was metamorphosed into the constellation known as Centaurus.II: 630–676, VI: 126[64]
CinyrasSon of Pygmalion's daughter Paphos, husband of Cenchreis, father of Myrrha and Adonis, and king of Cyprus. He was deceived and seduced by Myrrha from which the result was Adonis.X: 298-472[65]
CipusRoman legendary commander.XV: 565-621[66]
CirceDaughter of Sol and Perse. Circe was a goddess skilled in magic.IV: 205, XIII: 968, XIV: 9–446, XV: 717[67]
ClymeneDaughter of Tethys, the wife the Ethiopian King Merops, and the mother of Phaethon and the Heliades by Sol.I: 756–766, II: 19-334, IV: 204[68]
CornixDaughter of Coroneus og Phocis. She was attacked by Neptunus, but was delivered from him by Minerva, who metamorphosed her into a crow.II: 547-595[69]
CupidGod of desire and erotic love, son of Mars and Venus. Roman equivalent of the Greek Eros.I: 455–463, IV: 321, V: 374–379, VII: 73, IX: 482-543[70][71]
CyaneNymph and spring in Syracus, Sicily.V: 409-470[72]
Cyáneë (or Cyanee)Nymph, daughter of Maeander and mother of Caunus and Byblis by Miletus.IX: 452[73]
CybelePhrygian goddess, the Mother of the gods. She is depicted with a turreted crown.X: 696–704, XIV: 535-546[74]
Cygnus (1)Son of Sthenelous and friend and relative of Phaethon.II: 367, XII: 581[75]
Cygnus (2)Son of Apollo and the nymph Hyrie. A spoiled youth he had been given tamed animals by Phylius, but when he was denied a bull he tried to kill himself, and was metamorphosed into a swan.VII: 371[76]
Cygnus (3)Son of Neptunus. He was a Trojan hero, invulnerable because he was the son of Neptunus, but still mortal.XII: 71-169[77]
CyllarusCentaur, husband of Hylonome. He dearly loved his centaur wife, but participating in the battle against the Lapiths he was fatally wounded by a spear. He died in the arms of Hylonome, who took her own life shortly afterwards to join him.XII: 393-420[78]
CyparissusLoved by Apollo, he was given a tame deer by the god, which he accidentally killed with a javelin.X: 120-130[79]
DaedalionBrother of Ceyx.XI: 295-340[80]
DaedalusArchitect, inventor, and the father of Icarus. He constructed wings made of feathers and wax for him and his son to escape from Crete.VIII: 159–260, IX: 742[81]
DaphneNymph, daughter of Peneus. She was metamorphosed into a laurel to escape the amorous god Apollo. As a sign of his love for her, Apollo wears the laurel around his head.I: 452-547[82]
DeïaniraDaughter of Oeneus, sister of Meleager, wife of Hercules. Famous for unwittingly killing Hercules with the Shirt of Nessus.VIII: 542, IX: 8-137[83]
DeucalionSon of Prometheus.I: 318–391, VI: 120, VII: 356[84]
DianaGoddess of the hunt, associated with the Moon, daughter of Jupiter and Latona, and sister of Apollo. Roman equivalent of the Greek Artemis.I: 476–694, II: 414–425, III: 156–251, IV: 304, V: 329–641, VII: 746–754, VIII: 272–579, IX: 90, X: 536, XI: 322, XII: 35-267, XIII: 185, XIV: 331, XV: 196-549[85][86]
Diomedes (Thracian king)Son of Mars and Cyrene and king of Thrace. He was known for his man-eating horses. Diomedes was killed by Hercules.IX: 195[87]
Diomedes (Greek hero)Son of Tydeus and friend of Ulysses. Greek hero in the Trojan War where he wounded Venus when the goddess interfered in the battle.XII: 622, XIII: 68-351, XIV: 457–512, XV: 769-806[88]
DisGod of the underworld. Roman equivalent of Pluto.II: 261, IV: 438–510, V: 356–569, VII: 249, XV: 534[89][90]
DryopeDaughter of King Eurytus of Oechalia and half-sister of Iolë.IX: 331-364[91]
EgeriaNymph, wife of Numa, the second king of Rome.XV: 547-550[92]
EchoNymph who could only repeat others, not talk for herself. She fell in love with Narcissus, but was rejected as everyone else. In her heartache she faded away until nothing was left, but her voice.III: 358-507[93]
ErysichthonSon of Triopas and king of Thessaly. He was punished with insatiable hunger for killing a nymph and sold everything he owned, including his daughter, Mestra. Nothing could satisfy his hunger and eventually he ate himself to death.VIII: 739-823[94]
EuropaDaughter of the Phoenician King Agenor, sister of Cadmus, and the mother of Minos by Jupiter.II: 844–868, III: 3–258, VI: 103, VIII: 23-120[95]
EurydiceNymph, wife of Orpheus. She was killed by a snakebite, prompting Orpheus to seek a way to bring her back to life, which he attempted but failed at.X: 8-48, XI: 63-66[96]
Eurytus (1)Father of Hippasus.VIII: 371[97]
Father of Iolë and Dryope and king of Oechalia, Euboea.IX: 356-363[98]
Eurytus (2)Centaur who tried to kidnap Hippodame at her and Theseus' wedding, but was killed by the latter in the attempt.XII: 220-238[99]
GalanthisOne of Alcmene's maids.IX:306-323[100]
Galatea (deity)The nereid (sea-nymph) who fell in love with the spirit of the Acis River in Sicily, Acis.XIII: 738-880[101]
Galatea (statue)A statue carved out of ivory by Pygmalion. Pygmalion fell in love with Galatea and after Pygmalion had sacrificed to Venus (mythology) during her festival, Galatea was made into a real woman.X: 247-297[102]
GanymedeSon of the Dardanian King Tros and brother of Ilus (the founder of Ilion) and Assaracus (the grandfather of Aeneas).X: 155–160, XI: 756[103]
GlaucusBoeotic fisherman who was metamorphosed into a sea god.VII: 233, XIII: 906–916, XIV: 11-68[104]
HecubaThe wife and queen of King Priam of Troy.XI: 761, XIII: 404-620[105]
HerculesDemigod, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmene. Famous for his strength, solving the twelve labors set by King Eurystheus. He was killed unwittingly by his wife Deïanira using the Shirt of Nessus. Hercules is the Roman equivalent of the Greek Heracles.VII: 364–410, VIII: 542, IX: 13-400, XI: 213–626, XII: 309–575, XIII: 51-401, XV: 8-284[106][107]
HermaphroditusSon of Venus and Mercury. He was born as a handsome boy, but was metamorphosed into an androgynous being when he was fused with the nymph Salmacis.IV: 291-383[108]
HerseOne of the three daughters of Cecrops, her sisters being Aglaulus and Pandrosus.II: 559-809[109]
HersiliaWife and queen of Romulus. Deified as Hora.XIV: 831-847[110]
HesperiaAesacus' lover.XI: 768[111]
HippodameDaughter of Adrastos and wife of Theseus.XII: 210[112]
HippolytusSon of Theseus and the Amazon Queen Antiope and stepson of Phaedra. Phaedra tried to seduce Hippolytus, but as he rejected her she convinced Theseus that Hippolytus had raped her. This made Theseus use one of his three wishes to curse Hippolytus which eventually killed him. Hippolytus was deified as Virbius.XV: 497-543[113]
HippomenesSon of Megareus and descendant of Neptunus through his grandfather, Onchestus. Raced and won over Atalante (the princess) with the help of Venus, thereby winning Atalante's hand. They were both metamorphosed into lions after having had intercourse in a temple.X: 575-668[114]
HyacinthusA beautiful boy loved by Apollo. One day as Apollo was throwing a discus and Hyacinthus ran to catch it, he was struck by the discus and died. Apollo made the hyacinth in his memory.X: 162–217, XIII: 396[115]
HylonomeFemale centaur. She was present at the battle against the Lapiths, where she lost her husband, the centaur Cyllarus. Heartbroken, she committed suicide to join himXII: 405-423[116]
IantheCretan girl who was engaged to Iphis (Cretan girl).IX: 715-797[117]
IcarusSon of Daedalus. Daedalus constructed wings made of feathers and wax for him and his son to escape from Crete. Icarus flew too close to the Sun which made the wax melt and Icarus fell to his death in the sea.VIII: 196-235[118]
IdmonFather of Arachne.VI: 8-133[119]
IliaDaughter of Numitor and descendant of Aeneas. She was by Mars the mother of the twins Romulus and Remus, the two founders of Rome. Her alternative name is Rhea Silvia.XIV: 780-823[120]
InachusRiver deity in Argolis and father of Io.I: 583–645, IX: 686[121]
InoDaughter of Cadmus and queen of Thebes. Deified as Leucothea.III: 313–722, IV: 417-543[122]
IoNymph, daughter of Inachus. Io was the lover of Jupiter and in jealousy Juno metamorphosed Io into a cow. Io wandered until she reached Egypt where she prayed that the punishment would end. Jupiter heard her and calmed Juno. Juno metamorphosed Io into a human form again, but in the process also deified her as the Egyptian goddess Isis.I: 628–747, II: 524, IX: 686[123]
IphigeniaDaughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra.XII: 30–34, XIII: 185[124]
Iphis (Cretan)Daughter of Telethusa and Ligdus. She was raised as a boy and fell in love with the girl Ianthe. Iphis prayed that the women could be married so the Egyptian goddess Isis metamorphosed Iphis into a man.IX: 668-797[125]
Iphis (Cyprian)Young man in Cyprus. When he was rejected by Anaxarete whom he loved, he committed suicide.XIV: 698-753[126]
IrisGoddess of the rainbow and daughter of Thaumas. She was the messenger of Juno.I: 271, IV: 479, VI: 63, XI: 585–622, XIV: 85-838[127][128]
IsisEgyptian goddess recognized by the Greeks and Romans. In the Metamorphoses she is identified with the re-metamorphosed Io.I: 747, IX: 686-773[129]
ItysSon of Procne and Tereus. Itys was fed to Tereus by his mother in revenge for Tereus' raping her sister, Philomela, and cutting out her tongue.VI: 437-658[130]
IxionFather of Pirithous, and king of the Lapiths in Thessaly. He was invited to the banquet of the Olympian gods, but instead of being grateful he tried to rape his hostess, Juno. Juno transformed herself into a cloud from which the centaurs were born. Ixion was punished in Tartarus by being bound to an ever-spinning wheel of fire.IV: 461–464, VIII: 403, IX: 123, X: 42, XII: 210-504[131]
JasonSon of King Aeson of Iolcus, Thessaly. Jason was sent to Colchis to get the golden fleece by his uncle Pelias, who had usurped the throne from Aeson. For this expedition Jason collected a large number of heroes, the Argonauts, and let the ship Argo build.VII: 5–397, VIII: 302-349[132]
JunoSister and wife of Jupiter. Roman equivalent of the Greek Hera.I: 270–738, II: 435–531, III: 256–362, IV: 173–549, VI: 89-428, VIII: 220, IX: 15-796, X: 506, XI: 578–648, XII: 504, XIII: 574, XIV: 85-829, XV: 164-774[133][134]
JupiterKing of the gods, and the god of sky and thunder. Roman equivalent of the Greek Zeus.I: 106–749, II: 60-836, III: 6–363, IV: 3–799, V: 11-564, VI: 51-801, VII: 367–801, VIII: 50-703, IX: 24-499, X: 148–161, XI: 41-756, XII: 11-561, XIII: 5–857, XIV: 594–807, XV: 12-871[135][136]
LaomedonFather of Priam and king of Troy.VI: 96, XI: 196–757, XIII: 417[137]
LatonaDaughter of the Titan Coeus and by Jupiter mother of Apollo and Diana, whom she gave birth to in Delos. Latona is the Roman name of the Greek Leto.VI: 159–346, VII: 384[138]
LatreusCentaur who killed Halesus, but was shortly after killed by Caeneus.462-493[139]
LethaeaWife of Olenus. She boasted that she was more beautiful than any god and was turned to stone. Her husband chose to share her fate though he could have avoided it.X: 69[140]
LeucotheaName of the deified form of Ino (she was metamorphosed into a sea goddess).IV: 542[141]
LichasDeïanira's servant who brought Hercules the poisoned Shirt of Nessus.V::: 272[142]
LycaonKing of Arcadia.I: 165–221, II: 495-526[143]
Macareus (1)One of the Lapiths.XII: 452[144]
Macareus (2)Son of Neritus and one of Ulysses' men.XIV: 158-441[145]
MarsGod of war. Roman equivalent of the Greek Ares.III: 32-132, IV: 171, VI: 70, VII: 101, XII: 90, XIV: 806–818, XV: 863[146][147]
MedeaDaughter of King Aeetes of Colchis. She protected Jason from the tasks her father set him, and eventually married him. When he divorced her, she went insane, killed her old family, and married Aegeus.VII: 10-424[148]
MedusaThe most famous of the three Gorgons, daughters of the sea god Phorcys. Medusa was a terrible monster that turned people to stone if they beheld her, but was killed by Perseus and from her blood sprang Pegasus, the winged horse.IV: 616–801, V: 69-248, VI: 119[149]
MeleagerFoster son of King Oeneus of Calydon, son of Althaea by Mars, and husband of Cleopatra.VIII: 270–515, IX: 149[150]
MemnonSon of Aurora and Tithonus and king of Ethiopia, allied with Troy.XIII: 278-600[151]
MercuryMessenger of the gods, especially of Jupiter. Son of the Pleiade Maia and Jupiter. Roman equivalent of the Greek Hermes.I: 669–713, II: 685–834, IV: 187–754, VIII: 627, XI: 303–307, XIII: 146[152][153]
MidasKing of Phrygia. Midas was granted the ability to turn everything he touched into gold by Bacchus, but when he saw that this ability made him unable to eat and drink he hated his new-gained power. Bacchus advised him to wash the magic off in the river Pactolus. Later Midas was called upon to decide whether Pan or Apollo played the most beautiful music, but doubting that Apollo was the best he was given donkey ears.XI: 92-194[154]
MinervaVirgin goddess of the war, art, wisdom, and science, daughter of Jupiter, and protector of Athens. Roman equivalent of the Greek Athena.II: 709–835, IV: 33-799, V: 250–334, VI: 23–43, VIII: 252, XIII: 344, XIV: 475, XV: 709[155][156]
MinosSon of Jupiter and Europa, king of Crete, husband of Pasiphaë, and father of Ariadne. After his death he became judge of the dead in the underworld.VII: 456–504, VIII: 6–262, IX: 437-445[157]
MinotaurusA cannibalistic monster, half bull and half man, he was the issue of Queen Pasiphaë's affair with a bull, which had been sent to Crete by Neptunus to be sacrificed, but was spared by Minos. Daedalus created a plinth the shape of a heifer which Pasiphaë could hide inside, in that way making the bull cover her. Minotaurus was killed by Theseus.VIII: 133-169[158]
MorpheusGod of dreams.XI: 635-671[159][160]
MyrrhaGranddaughter of Pygmalion, daughter of King Cinyras of Cyprus, and mother of Adonis by Cinyras. She tricked her father into intercourse, but was discovered and fled. After having been on the run for 9 months she asked the gods not to be seen among those alive or dead, and was thus metamorphosed into the myrrh tree. A month later the tree gave birth to Adonis.X: 317-476[161]
MyscelusSon of Alemon and founder of Crotona.XV: 19-47[162]
NarcissusSon of Liriope. He fell in love with his own reflection and wasted away until death. When he died he was metamorphosed into the plant of the same name.III: 346-413[163]
NeptunusGod of the sea and waters. Brother of Jupiter. Roman equivalent of the Greek Poseidon.I: 275–330, II: 270–573, IV: 532–798, V: 370, VI: 71-115, VIII: 851–867, X: 606, XI: 202, XII: 25-585, XIII: 854[164][165]
NessusCentaur famously known for being mortally wounded by Hercules, and on his deathbed deceiving Hercules' wife, Deïanira, into using his tainted blood to kill Hercules.IX: 101–153, XII: 308-454[166]
NestorSon of Neleus and king of Pylos.VIII: 313–365, XII: 169–578, XIII: 63, XV: 65[167]
NiobeDaughter of Tantalus and wife of King Amphion of Thebes. Boasted that she had more children than Latona. In revenge the goddess' two children, Diana and Apollo, killed all of Niobe's. In grief she wept until she was turned to stone.VI: 148-298[168]
NumaKing of Rome after Romulus.XV: 3-479[169]
NyctimeneA woman from Lesbos. Metamorphosed by Minerva into an owl after she had had intercourse with her father.II: 590[170]
OcyrhoëDaughter of Chiron and Chariclo; possessed by Apollo in his quality as god of prophecy. She was metamorphosed into a mare.II: 637-675[171]
Olenus (1)Father of Tectaphus the Lapith.XII: 433[172]
Olenus (2)Husband to Lethaea with whom he was turned to stone.X: 68[173]
OpsSister and wife of Saturnus, and by him mother of Jupiter and the Olympian gods. Roman equivalent of the Greek Rhea.IX: 497[174][175]
OrithyiaDaughter of King Erechtheus of Athens.VI: 683, VII: 694-695[176]
OrpheusSon of Apollo and the Muse Calliope. Legendary musician, poet, and prophet.X: 3-79, XI: 1-93[177]
PanGod of shepherds and the forest with a goat's beard, -horns, and -legs.I: 699–707, VI: 329, XI: 147–171, XIV: 515[178][179]
PaphosThe daughter of Pygmalion and Galathea, mother of Cinyras, and grandmother of Myrrha and Adonis.X: 297[180]
ParisSon of Hecuba and King Priam of Troy. He was famous for seducing and abducting Helen of Sparta (later Helen of Troy) with the help of Venus. Helen's husband, Menelaus, along with Agamemnon invoked The Oath of Tyndareus, thereby starting the Trojan War.VII: 631, XII: 4–605, XIII: 200–501, XV: 805[181]
PegasusWinged horse, born from the blood of Medusa. Its clops made the spring Hippocrene by Helicon well up.IV: 786, V: 257–312, VI: 120[182]
PeleusSon of Aeacus, brother of Telamon, half-brother of Phocus, and father of Achilles.VII: 476–669, VIII: 3–380, XI: 217–397, XII: 82-387, XIII: 151–155, XV: 856[183]
PeliasBrother of Aeson, from whom he usurped the throne of Iolcus. He later sent Aeson's son Jason to get the golden fleece.VII: 298-343[184]
PentheusSon of Echion and king of Thebes.III: 524–730, IV: 22-429[185]
PerdixNephew of Daedalus.VIII: 251[186]
PerseusSon of Danaë and Jupiter. Jupiter fell into Danaë's womb as a golden rain while she was imprisoned in a tower by her father, Acrisius, because it had been foreseen that his daughter's son would cause his death. When Perseus was born, Acrisius put him and his mother in a coffin which he set afloat. The coffin drifted to Seriphus where King Polydectes later wanted Danaë. In order to get rid of Perseus he sent him on the seemingly impossible quest to slay the gorgon Medusa, but Perseus borrowed an invisibility hat, winged sandals, and a scimitar from Mercury and was helped by Minerva.IV: 611–792, V: 1-250[187]
PhaedraDaughter of Pasiphaë and Minos.XV: 500[188]
PhaethonSon of Sol and Clymene.I: 750–776, II: 19-400, IV: 246, X: 262, XII: 581[189]
PhilemonHusband of Baucis.VIII: 631-714[190]
PhilomelaDaughter of Pandion and sister of Procne. She was raped by her brother-in-law, Tereus. To make sure she did not tell Procne he muted her by cutting out her tongue and imprisoned her in a forest. A year later she was rescued by her sister and in revenge the sisters fed Tereus his and Procne's son, Itys. Philomela was metamorphosed into a bird along with her sister and brother-in-law.VI: 451-657[191]
Phineus (1)Brother of Cepheus and betrothed to Andromeda before Perseus. Petrified by the latter.V: 8-231[192]
Phineus (2)Blind king of Salmydessos, Thrace. His sons were seduced by his queen, their stepmother, so he blinded them. As a punishment the harpies would plague him by stealing or tainting his food. He was relieved from the harpies by Zetes and Calais.VII: 2[193]
PhocusSon of Aeacus and the nymph Psamanthe and half-brother of Peleus and Telamon.VII: 477–796, XI: 267-381[194]
PicusSon of Saturnus and king of Laurentum near Rome.XIV: 320-397[195]
PirithousSon of Ixion, friend of Theseus, and king of the Lapiths.VIII: 303–567, XII: 210-332[196]
PolydectesKing of Seriphus. He ordered that Perseus kill the gorgon Medusa to get him apart from his mother, whom Polydectes wanted.V: 243-249[197]
PolydorusSon of Queen Hecuba and King Priam of Troy.XIII: 431-629[198]
PolymestorKing of Thrace.XIII: 430-554[199]
PolyphemusCyclops, son of Neptunus.XIII: 744–779, XIV: 167-249[200]
PolyxenaDaughter of Queen Hecuba and King Priam of Troy.XIII: 448-483[201]
PomonaItalic nymph.XIV: 623-767[202]
PriamSon of Laomedon, husband of Hecuba, and last king of Troy.XI: 758, XII; 607, XIII: 99-519, XIV: 474, XV: 437[203]
ProcneDaughter of Pandion, wife of Tereus, sister of Philomela, and mother of Itys. She feeds Itys to Tereus after he has raped Philomela and cut out her tongue. She was metamorphosed into a bird along with her sister and husband.VI: 428-653[204]
ProcrisDaughter of Erechteus of Athens and wife of Cephalus, who accidentally kills her with his hunting spear (which never misses) because he mistook her for a boar.VI: 681, VII: 694-845[205]
ProserpinaDaughter of Ceres and Jupiter, wife of Pluto, and queen of the Underworld. She is kidnapped by Pluto and eats of the pomegranate seeds while in the Underworld. She is sentenced by Jove to spend half the year with Ceres, half with Pluto. Roman equivalent of the Greek Persephone.II: 261, V: 377-555[206][207]
PygmalionSculptor from Cyptrus, father of Paphos, grandfather of Cinyras, and great-grandfather of Myrrha and Adonis. A bachelor, Pygmalion sculpts a beautiful woman out of ivory. He falls in love with this statue and prays to Venus to bring it to life. She grants his prayer, and the statue, Galatea, has a daughter with him, Paphos.X: 243-296[208]
PyramusYoung man from Babylon who is the boyfriend of Thisbe whom he is not allowed to marry.IV: 55-163[209]
PyreneusA tyrant who chases the muses.V: 274[210]
PyrrhaDaughter of Epimetheus (the brother of Prometheus) and wife of her cousin Deucalion.I: 319-395[211]
PythagorasIonian philosopher and mathematician from Samos. He is described as a wise man who had gazed at and understood things and the mechanisms behind them; something nature usually denies men to see. In his great speech he teaches among other things about the changeability of everything, the benefits of vegetarianism, and Phoenix.XV: 60-478[212]
QuirinusThe name of the deified form of Romulus.XIV: 828-863[213]
RomulusThe founder of Rome. Son of Ilia and Mars. He took the name Quirinus upon his deification.XIV: 799–846, XV: 560[214]
SaturnusRoman god of agriculture and harvest. Brother and husband of Ops and father of Jupiter and his siblings. Saturnus led the rebellion against Uranus, but was later overthrown by Jupiter who precipitated him into Tartarus. Roman equivalent of the Greek Cronus.I: 113, VI: 125, IX: 497, XIV: 320, XV: 858[215][216]
Scylla (sea bird)Daughter of King Nisus of Megara. She fell in love with Minos, king of a besieging army and betrayed her city to him, but he spurned her. Was transformed into a sea bird, pursued by her father who was transformed into a sea eagle.VIII: 17-104[217]
Scylla (sea monster)Daughter of Crataeis. Metamorphosed, by Circe, into a terrifying sea monster on the Italian coast by the Strait of Messina with fierce dogs around her waist, snapping sailors passing by.VII: 64, XIII: 730–966, XIV: 18-70[218]
SemeleDaughter of Cadmus and mother of Bacchus by Jupiter.III: 260–520, IV: 422, V: 329[219]
SibylProphetess in Cumae.XIV: 104–154, XV: 712[220]
SolRoman god of the Sun, the son of Hyperion. Trusted his chariot to his son Phaethon by Clymene, which resulted in disaster. Witnessed the adultery of Venus and Mars, and informed Venus's husband Vulcanus. For this Venus made him fall in love with Leucothoe, while forgetting his previous lover Clytia.I: 751, 771, II: 1–394, IV: 170–633, VII: 663, IX: 736, XI: 353, XIII: 853, XIV: 10–375, XV: 30[221]
SyrinxArcadian nymph. To hide from the amorous Pan she was metamorphosed into hollow water reeds.I: 691-712[222]
TelamonSon of Aecus, brother of Peleus, half-brother of Phocus, and father of Ajax.VII: 476–669, VIII: 3–378, XI: 216, XII: 624, XIII: 22-345[223]
TereusSon of Mars, father of Itys, husband of Procne, and king of Thrace. He raped Philomela (Procne's sister), then cut out her tongue, but was later tricked by Philomela and Procne into eating Itys. Ultimately both sisters and Tereus were metamorphosed into birds.VI: 424-681[224]
ThemisGoddess of law, justice, and prophecy and daughter of Uranus (the sky) and Gaia (the earth). She was the predecessor of Apollo as Oracle of DelphiI: 321–381, IV: 643, IX: 403-418[225][226]
TheseusSon of Aethra and Aegeus. During a visit at King Pittheus of Troizen Aegeus slept with the king's daughter, Aethra. He hid his sword under a rock and told Aethra that if she bore him a son she should tell this son when he was strong enough to remove the rock. He should then travel to Athens with the sign of his origin, the sword.VII: 404–434, VIII: 262–726, IX: 1, XII: 227–355, XV: 492[227]
ThetisNymph, daughter of Nereus and mother of Achilles.XI: 221–400, XII: 93-193, XIII: 162-301[228]
ThisbePyramus' girlfriend whom he is forbidden to wed. When they decide to meet a lioness scares off Thisbe and mutilates the veil she left behind. Pyramus finds the veil and believing Thisbe is dead he kills himself. When Thisbe finds his corpse she kills herself as well. The mulberry fruits were given their stained colour to symbolize the forbidden love.IV: 55-163[229]
TiresiasBlind prophet in Thebes, famous for clairvoyance.III: 322–516, VI: 157[230]
TisiphoneOne of the Erinyes.IV: 474-495[231]
TritonSea god, son of Neptunus.I: 331, II: 8, XIII: 919[232]
UlyssesKing of Ithaca. Son of Laërtes and Anticlea.VIII: 315, XII: 625, XIII: 6–773, XIV: 71-671[233]
UraniaThe muse of astronomy.V: 260-294[234]
VenusGoddess of love. Roman equivalent of the Greek Aphrodite.I: 463, III: 132, IV: 171–531, V: 331, VII: 802, IX: 424–796, X: 224–717, XIII: 759, XIV: 27-788, XV: 762-843[235][236]
VertumnusThe god of seasons, change and plant growth, as well as gardens and fruit trees. He seduces Pomona.XIV: 641-765[237][238]
VestaGoddess of hearth, home and family. She had a sacred fire which was tended to by six virgin priestesses, Vestals, and which was connected to the safety of the city. The priestesses were severely punished if the fire went out and it was to be rekindled from the rays of the sun if that happened. Roman equivalent of the Greek Hestia.XV: 730-865[239][240]
VirbiusName of the deified form of Hippolytus.XV: 544[241]
VulcanusGod of forging and fire. Son of Jupiter and Juno and husband of Venus. Forged among other things the weapons of Achilles. Roman equivalent of the Greek Hephaistos.II: 106–437, IX: 251, XII: 614[242][243]

See also

References

Citations

  1. Ovid 1971, p. 119
  2. Ovid 1971, pp. 130–214
  3. Ovid 1971, pp. 187–357
  4. Ovid 1971, pp. 305–309
  5. Ovid 1971, p. 324
  6. Ovid 1971, pp. 89–92
  7. Ovid 1971, pp. 78–93
  8. Ovid 1971, pp. 239–245
  9. Ovid 1971, pp. 168–286
  10. Ovid 1971, pp. 155–159
  11. Ovid 1971, pp. 166–357
  12. Ovid 1971, pp. 302–357
  13. Ovid 1971, pp. 266–268
  14. Ovid 1971, p. 67
  15. Ovid 1971, pp. 156–163
  16. Ovid 1971, pp. 284–357
  17. Ovid 1971, pp. 65–72
  18. Ovid 1971, pp. 284–296
  19. Ovid 1971, pp. 284–323
  20. Ovid 1971, pp. 137–213
  21. Ovid 1971, pp. 256–265
  22. Ovid 1971, pp. 191–193
  23. Ovid 1971, pp. 330–331
  24. Ovid 1971, pp. 112–120
  25. Ovid 1971, pp. 302–303
  26. Ovid 1971, pp. 41–357
  27. Bulfinch 1942, pp. 8–21
  28. Ovid 1971, pp. 30–347
  29. Bulfinch 1942, p. 180
  30. Ovid 1971, pp. 134–138
  31. Ovid 1971, pp. 62–63
  32. Ovid 1971, pp. 127–133
  33. Ovid 1971, pp. 45–64
  34. Ovid 1971, pp. 187–190
  35. Ovid 1971, pp. 240–243
  36. Ovid 1971, pp. 89–309
  37. Ovid 1971, pp. 117–118
  38. Ovid 1971, pp. 47–339
  39. Ovid 1971, pp. 53–352
  40. Bulfinch 1942, p. 211
  41. Ovid 1971, pp. 198–254
  42. Ovid 1971, pp. 82–345
  43. Bulfinch 1942, p. 9
  44. Ovid 1971, pp. 68
  45. Ovid 1971, pp. 196–198
  46. Ovid 1971, pp. 30–347
  47. Ovid 1971, pp. 215–221
  48. Ovid 1971, pp. 74–139
  49. Ovid 1971, pp. 187–282
  50. Ovid 1971, pp. 268–269
  51. Ovid 1971, pp. 125–148
  52. Ovid 1971, pp. 62–63
  53. Ovid 1971, pp. 320–322
  54. Ovid 1971, pp. 296–323
  55. Ovid 1971, pp. 215–220
  56. Ovid 1971, pp. 65–345
  57. Ovid 1971, pp. 153–179
  58. Ovid 1971, pp. 32–338
  59. Bulfinch 1942, p. 9
  60. Ovid 1971, pp. 253–265
  61. Ovid 1971, p. 67
  62. Ovid 1971, pp. 157–313
  63. Ovid 1971, p. 254
  64. Ovid 1971, pp. 67–137
  65. Ovid 1971, pp. 232–237
  66. Ovid 1971, pp. 349–351
  67. Ovid 1971, pp. 99–353
  68. Ovid 1971, pp. 49–99
  69. Ovid 1971, pp. 62–66
  70. Ovid 1971, pp. 41–217
  71. Bulfinch 1942, p. 8
  72. Ovid 1971, pp. 127–128
  73. Ovid 1971, p. 215
  74. Ovid 1971, pp. 243–326
  75. Ovid 1971, pp. 60–283
  76. Ovid 1971, p. 165
  77. Ovid 1971, pp. 270–272
  78. Ovid 1971, pp. 278–279
  79. Ovid 1971, p. 228
  80. Ovid 1971, pp. 254–255
  81. Ovid 1971, pp. 183–223
  82. Ovid 1971, pp. 41–43
  83. Ovid 1971, pp. 193–207
  84. Ovid 1971, pp. 37–164
  85. Ovid 1971, pp. 41–300
  86. Bulfinch 1942, pp. 8+36
  87. Ovid 1971, p. 208
  88. Ovid 1971, pp. 284–356
  89. Ovid 1971, pp. 36–348
  90. Bulfinch 1942, p. 7
  91. Ovid 1971, pp. 212–213
  92. Ovid 1971, p. 349
  93. Ovid 1971, pp. 83–87
  94. Ovid 1971, pp. 199–201
  95. Ovid 1971, pp. 72–182
  96. Ovid 1971, pp. 225–247
  97. Ovid 1971, pp. 189
  98. Ovid 1971, pp. 212–213
  99. Ovid 1971, p. 274
  100. Ovid 1971, pp. 211–212
  101. Ovid 1971, pp. 305–308
  102. Ovid 1971, pp. 231–232
  103. Ovid 1971, pp. 229–266
  104. Ovid 1971, pp. 161–313
  105. Ovid 1971, pp. 266–302
  106. Ovid 1971, pp. 165–342
  107. Bulfinch 1942, p. 146
  108. Ovid 1971, pp. 102–104
  109. Ovid 1971, pp. 65–71
  110. Ovid 1971, pp. 333–334
  111. Ovid 1971, p. 266
  112. Ovid 1971, pp. 273
  113. Ovid 1971, pp. 347–349
  114. Ovid 1971, pp. 240–243
  115. Ovid 1971, pp. 229–296
  116. Ovid 1971, p. 279
  117. Ovid 1971, pp. 222–224
  118. Ovid 1971, pp. 184–185
  119. Ovid 1971, pp. 134–138
  120. Ovid 1971, pp. 332–333
  121. Ovid 1971, pp. 44–221
  122. Ovid 1971, pp. 82–108
  123. Ovid 1971, pp. 45–221
  124. Ovid 1971, pp. 269–290
  125. Ovid 1971, pp. 221–224
  126. Ovid 1971, pp. 330–331
  127. Ovid 1971, pp. 36–333
  128. Bulfinch 1942, p. 7
  129. Ovid 1971, pp. 49–223
  130. Ovid 1971, pp. 146–152
  131. Ovid 1971, pp. 106–281
  132. Ovid 1971, pp. 155–188
  133. Ovid 1971, pp. 36–355
  134. Bulfinch 1942, p. 7
  135. Ovid 1971, pp. 32–357
  136. Bulfinch 1942, p. 6
  137. Ovid 1971, pp. 136–296
  138. Ovid 1971, pp. 138–165
  139. Ovid 1971, pp. 280–281
  140. Ovid 1971, p. 227
  141. Ovid 1971, p. 108
  142. Ovid 1971, p. 123
  143. Ovid 1971, pp. 33–64
  144. Ovid 1971, p. 280
  145. Ovid 1971, pp. 315–323
  146. Ovid 1971, pp. 75–357
  147. Bulfinch 1942, p. 8
  148. Ovid 1971, pp. 155–166
  149. Ovid 1971, pp. 110–137
  150. Ovid 1971, pp. 186–207
  151. Ovid 1971, pp. 293–301
  152. Ovid 1971, pp. 47–289
  153. Bulfinch 1942, p. 9
  154. Ovid 1971, pp. 248–251
  155. Ovid 1971, pp. 69–353
  156. Bulfinch 1942, pp. 8+107
  157. Ovid 1971, pp. 167–215
  158. Ovid 1971, pp. 182–183
  159. Ovid 1971, pp. 263
  160. Bulfinch 1942, pp. 73–74
  161. Ovid 1971, pp. 233–237
  162. Ovid 1971, pp. 335–336
  163. Ovid 1971, pp. 83–85
  164. Ovid 1971, pp. 36–308
  165. Bulfinch 1942, p. 7
  166. Ovid 1971, pp. 206–280
  167. Ovid 1971, pp. 187–336
  168. Ovid 1971, pp. 138–142
  169. Ovid 1971, pp. 335–347
  170. Ovid 1971, p. 66
  171. Ovid 1971, pp. 67–68
  172. Ovid 1971, p. 279
  173. Ovid 1971, p. 227
  174. Ovid 1971, p. 216
  175. Bulfinch 1942, p. 6
  176. Ovid 1971, pp. 153–174
  177. Ovid 1971, pp. 225–248
  178. Ovid 1971, pp. 47–325
  179. Bulfinch 1942, p. 10
  180. Ovid 1971, pp. 232
  181. Ovid 1971, pp. 172–356
  182. Ovid 1971, pp. 115–137
  183. Ovid 1971, pp. 168–357
  184. Ovid 1971, pp. 142–143
  185. Ovid 1971, pp. 88–105
  186. Ovid 1971, pp. 186
  187. Ovid 1971, pp. 110–122
  188. Ovid 1971, pp. 347
  189. Ovid 1971, pp. 49–283
  190. Ovid 1971, pp. 196–198
  191. Ovid 1971, pp. 146–152
  192. Ovid 1971, pp. 116–122
  193. Ovid 1971, pp. 155
  194. Ovid 1971, pp. 168–256
  195. Ovid 1971, pp. 319–322
  196. Ovid 1971, pp. 187–277
  197. Ovid 1971, p. 122
  198. Ovid 1971, pp. 297–302
  199. Ovid 1971, pp. 297–300
  200. Ovid 1971, pp. 305–317
  201. Ovid 1971, pp. 297–298
  202. Ovid 1971, pp. 328–331
  203. Ovid 1971, pp. 266–346
  204. Ovid 1971, pp. 146–152
  205. Ovid 1971, pp. 153–178
  206. Ovid 1971, pp. 57–175
  207. Bulfinch 1942, pp. 55–60
  208. Ovid 1971, pp. 231–232
  209. Ovid 1971, pp. 95–98
  210. Ovid 1971, p. 123
  211. Ovid 1971, pp. 37–39
  212. Ovid 1971, pp. 336–347
  213. Ovid 1971, pp. 333–334
  214. Ovid 1971, pp. 332–349
  215. Ovid 1971, pp. 37–356
  216. Bulfinch 1942, p. 6
  217. Ovid 1971, pp. 179–182
  218. Ovid 1971, pp. 157–313
  219. Ovid 1971, pp. 81–125
  220. Ovid 1971, pp. 314–353
  221. Ovid 1971, pp. 29–94
  222. Ovid 1971, pp. 47–48
  223. Ovid 1971, pp. 168–294
  224. Ovid 1971, pp. 126–153
  225. Ovid 1971, pp. 37–214
  226. Bulfinch 1942, pp. 6–12
  227. Ovid 1971, pp. 166–347
  228. Ovid 1971, pp. 252–293
  229. Ovid 1971, pp. 95–98
  230. Ovid 1971, pp. 82–138
  231. Ovid 1971, pp. 106–107
  232. Ovid 1971, pp. 38–309
  233. Ovid 1971, pp. 187–329
  234. Ovid 1971, pp. 123-1240
  235. Ovid 1971, pp. 41–357
  236. Bulfinch 1942, p. 8
  237. Ovid 1971, pp. 328–331
  238. Bulfinch 1942, pp. 77–81
  239. Ovid 1971, pp. 354–357
  240. Bulfinch 1942, p. 12
  241. Ovid 1971, pp. 349
  242. Ovid 1971, pp. 53–284
  243. Bulfinch 1942, p. 7+225

Bibliography

  • Bulfinch, Thomas (1942). W. H. Klapp (ed.). The Age of Fable. New York: The Heritage Press.
  • Ovidius Naso, Publius (1971). Mary M. Innes (ed.). The Metamorphoses of Ovid. Penguin Books Ltd. ISBN 1-4366-6586-8.
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