List of biological databases

Biological databases are stores of biological information.[1] The journal Nucleic Acids Research regularly publishes special issues on biological databases and has a list of such databases. The 2018 issue has a list of about 180 such databases and updates to previously described databases.[2]

Meta databases

Meta databases are databases of databases that collect data about data to generate new data. They are capable of merging information from different sources and making it available in a new and more convenient form, or with an emphasis on a particular disease or organism.

Model organism databases

Model organism databases provide in-depth biological data for intensively studied.

Nucleic acid databases

DNA databases

Primary databases
International Nucleotide Sequence Database (INSD) consists of the following databases.

DDBJ (Japan), GenBank (USA) and European Nucleotide Archive (Europe) are repositories for nucleotide sequence data from all organisms. All three accept nucleotide sequence submissions, and then exchange new and updated data on a daily basis to achieve optimal synchronisation between them. These three databases are primary databases, as they house original sequence data. They collaborate with Sequence Read Archive (SRA), which archives raw reads from high-throughput sequencing instruments.

Secondary databases

  • 23andMe's database
  • HapMap
  • OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): inherited diseases
  • RefSeq
  • 1000 Genomes Project: launched in January 2008. The genomes of more than a thousand anonymous participants from a number of different ethnic groups were analyzed and made publicly available.
  • EggNOG Database: a hierarchical, functionally and phylogenetically annotated orthology resource based on 5090 organisms and 2502 viruses. It provides multiple sequence alignments and maximum-likelihood trees, as well as broad functional annotation.[4][5]

Gene expression databases (mostly microarray data)

Genome databases

These databases collect genome sequences, annotate and analyze them, and provide public access. Some add curation of experimental literature to improve computed annotations. These databases may hold many species genomes, or a single model organism genome.

Phenotype databases

  • PHI-base: pathogen-host interaction database. It links gene information to phenotypic information from microbial pathogens on their hosts. Information is manually curated from peer reviewed literature.
  • RGD Rat Genome Database: genomic and phenotype data for Rattus norvegicus
  • PomBase database: manually curated phenotypic data for the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

RNA databases

Amino acid / protein databases

Protein sequence databases

Protein structure databases

For more protein structure databases, see also Protein structure database.

Protein model databases

  • ModBase: database of comparative protein structure models (Sali Lab, UCSF)
  • Similarity Matrix of Proteins (SIMAP): database of protein similarities computed using FASTA
  • Swiss-model: server and repository for protein structure models
  • AAindex: database of amino acid indices, amino acid mutation matrices, and pair-wise contact potentials

Protein-protein and other molecular interactions

Protein expression databases

Signal transduction pathway databases

Metabolic pathway and protein function databases

Additional databases

Exosomal databases

  • ExoCarta
  • Extracellular RNA Atlas: a repository of small RNA-seq and qPCR-derived exRNA profiles from human and mouse biofluids

Mathematical model databases

  • Biomodels Database: published mathematical models describing biological processes

Taxonomic databases

  • BacDive: bacterial metadatabase that provides strain-linked information about bacterial and archaeal biodiversity, including taxonomy information
  • EzTaxon-e: database for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences

Radiologic databases

Antimicrobial resistance databases

Wiki-style databases

Specialized databases

  • Barcode of Life Data Systems: database of DNA barcodes
  • The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA): provides data from hundreds of cancer samples obtained using high-throughput techniques such as gene expression profiling, copy number variation profiling, SNP genotyping, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling, microRNA profiling, and exon sequencing of at least 1,200 genes
  • Cellosaurus: a knowledge resource on cell lines
  • CTD (Comparative Toxicogenomics Database): describes chemical-gene-disease interactions
  • DiProDB: a database to collect and analyse thermodynamic, structural and other dinucleotide properties
  • Housekeeping and Reference Transcript Atlas (HRT Atlas) [17]web-based tool for searching cell specific candidate reference genes/transcripts suitable for qPCR experiment normalization. HRT Atlas also describes a complete list of human and mouse housekeeping genes and transcripts
  • Dryad: repository of data underlying scientific publications in the basic and applied biosciences
  • Edinburgh Mouse Atlas
  • EPD Eukaryotic Promoter Database
  • FINDbase (the Frequency of INherited Disorders database)
  • GigaDB: repository of large scale datasets underlying scientific publications in the biological and biomedical research
  • HGNC (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee): a resource for approved human gene nomenclature
  • International Human Epigenome Consortium:[18] integrates epigenomic reference data from well-known national endeavors such as the Canadian CEEHRC,[19] European Blueprint,[20] European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA[21]), US ENCODE and NIH Roadmap, German DEEP,[22] Japanese CREST,[23] Korean KNIH, Singapore's GIS and China's EpiHK[24]
  • MethBase: database of DNA methylation data visualized on the UCSC Genome Browser
  • Minimotif Miner: database of short contiguous functional peptide motifs
  • Oncogenomic databases: a compilation of databases that serve for cancer research
  • PubMed: references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics
  • RIKEN integrated database of mammals
  • TDR Targets: a chemogenomics database focused on drug discovery in tropical diseases
  • TRANSFAC: a database about eukaryotic transcription factors, their genomic binding sites and DNA-binding profiles
  • JASPAR: a database of manually curated, non-redundant transcription factor binding profiles.
  • MetOSite: a database about methionine sulfoxidation sites and its functional roles in proteins[25]
  • Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) is the largest collection of hospital care data in the United States. It includes hundreds of millions of inpatient, outpatient, and emergency records.

References

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  18. (IHEC) data portal
  19. CEEHRC
  20. Blueprint
  21. EGA
  22. DEEP
  23. CREST
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