List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals
List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.
Plants
Minimally psychoactive plants which contain mainly caffeine and theobromine:
- Coffee
- Tea (caffeine in tea is sometimes called theine) – also contains theanine
- Guarana (caffeine in guarana is sometimes called guaranine)
- Yerba Mate (caffeine in yerba mate is sometimes called mateine)
- Cocoa
- Kola
Most known psychoactive plants:
- Cannabis: cannabinoids
- Tobacco: nicotine and beta-carboline alkaloids
- Coca: cocaine
- Opium Poppy: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine and narceine
- Salvia divinorum: salvinorin A
- Khat: cathine and cathinone
- Kava: kavalactones
- Nutmeg: myristicin
Nightshade (Solanaceae) plants—contain hyoscyamine and scopolamine
- Datura
- Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
- Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
- Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum)
- other Solanaceae
- Peyote
- other Lophophora
- Peruvian Torch cactus
- San Pedro cactus
- other Echinopsis
Other plants:
- Kratom: mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, raubasine and corynantheidine
- Ephedra: ephedrine
- Damiana
- Calea zacatechichi
- Silene capensis
- valerian: valerian (the chemical with the same name)
- various plants like Chacruna, Jurema, – DMT, 5-MeO-DMT
- Cebil/Yopo (Anadenanthera peregrina and colubrina) - Bufotenine
- Morning glory and Hawaiian Baby Woodrose – lysergic acid amide (LSA, ergine)
- Iboga: ibogaine, noribogaine, ibogamine, voacangine, 18-methoxycoronaridine
- Areca catechu (see: betel and paan)—arecoline
- Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine
- Yohimbe: yohimbine, corynantheidine
- Kanna: mesembrine and mesembrenone
- Yellow Horned Poppy: glaucine
- California poppies: protopine, allocryptopine, N-methyllaurotetanine
- Mimosa hostilis: DMT
Fungi
Fungi:
- Psilocybin mushrooms: psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, baeocystin and norbaeocystin
- psilocybin-containing genera include: Copelandia, Gymnopilus, Inocybe, Panaeolus, Pholiotina, Pluteus and Psilocybe
- Amanita muscaria: ibotenic acid, muscimol and muscarine
- various Amanita mushrooms: bufotenine
- Claviceps purpurea and other Clavicipitaceae: ergotamine
- Collybia maculata: collybolide[1]
- Dictyonema huaorani: psilocybin, DMT and 5-MeO-DMT
Animals
Psychoactive animals:
- fire salamander: samandarin
- hallucinogenic fish
- psychoactive toads: bufotenin, Bufo alvarius (Colorado River toad or Sonoran Desert toad) also contains 5-MeO-DMT
- Several sea sponges: brominated DMT analogs, notably 5-Bromo-DMT:
- Smenospongia aurea: 5-Bromo-DMT[2][3]
- Smenospongia echina: 5,6-Dibromo-DMT[2][3]
- Verongula rigida: 5-Bromo-DMT, 5,6-Dibromo-DMT, et al.[2][3]
- Eudistoma fragum: 5-Bromo-DMT[2]
- Paramuricea chamaeleon: DMT, NMT[2]
- Villogorgia rubra: NMT[2]
- Tree frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa, notably P. bicolor: opioid peptides including deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II and dermorphin.
See also
References
- https://www.pnas.org/content/113/21/6041
- Shulgin, Alexander (1997). TIHKAL: The Continuation. Transform Press. ISBN 9780963009692.
- Morris H, Wallach J (26 March 2013). "Sea DMT". Vice Magazine. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
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