List of wars involving England

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of England before the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain by the Acts of Union 1707. For dates after 1708, see List of wars involving the United Kingdom.

10th and 11th centuries

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
927 937 Overlordship conflicts following King Athelstan's formation of England in 927 AD Kings of Wales
Scotland, Norse-Gaels
Scots/Norse-Gael alliance defeated at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937 AD
946 954 Reestablishment of Kingdom of Jorvik by King Eric "Bloodaxe" Haraldsson Earl of Bamburgh
Jorvik
Eric Bloodaxe defeated by Earl of Bamburgh (backed by King Eadred of England) at the Battle of Stainmoor
1066 1088 Norman Conquest of England Duchy of Normandy Norman victory
1067 Norman invasion of Wales Welsh kingdoms Norman victory
1096 1099 First Crusade Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of France
Duchy of Apulia
Byzantine Empire

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

Great Seljuq Empire
Danishmends
Fatimids
Almoravids

Abbasids

Crusader victory

12th century

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1135 1154 The Anarchy Supporters of Stephen of Blois Supporters of Empress Matilda and Henry Curtmantle Treaty of Wallingford
  • Stephen ousted, Henry crowned King of England.
1145 1149 Second Crusade Kingdom of Jerusalem
Kingdom of France
Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Portugal
Castile
County of Barcelona
León
Byzantine Empire

Kingdom of Sicily

Sultanate of Rum
Almoravids
Almohads
Zengids
Abbasids

Fatimids

Muslim victory in the Holy Land

Crusader victories in Iberia and the Baltic

1173 1174 Revolt of 1173–74 English royalists English rebels
Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Scotland
County of Flanders
County of Boulogne
Duchy of Brittany
Royalist victory

Rebels reconciled to rule of Henry II.
William the Lion signs Treaty of Falaise.
Henry II maintains hold on his territories.
Several Scottish castles, including Berwick and Edinburgh, transferred to Henry II.

1189 1192 Third Crusade Kingdom of Jerusalem
France
Holy Roman Empire

Kingdom of Hungary

Ayyubids
Zengids
Sultanate of Rum
Byzantine Empire

Kingdom of Sicily

Treaty of Ramla
  • Partial Crusader victory

13th century

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1213 1214 Anglo-French War (1213–1214) Angevin Empire
Holy Roman Empire
County of Flanders
County of Boulogne
France French victory, collapse of the Angevin Empire.
1215 1217 First Barons' War Pro-Angevin forces Rebel Barons

France

Rebellion put down, French invasion repelled, followed by return to antebellum status quo.
1242 1242 Saintonge War France French victory
1264 1267 Second Barons' War Rebel barons Monarchic victory
1271 1272 Ninth Crusade France
Kingdom of Cyprus
Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
Ilkhanate

Armenian Cilicia

Mamluks Partial Crusader victory
1277 1283 Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England

Kingdom of England

Principality of Wales English victory
1294 1303 Anglo-French War Kingdom of England

County of Flanders

Kingdom of France Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, the daughter of King Philip IV of France marries the son of King Edward I of England, and England regains Gascony in exchange (that had been occupied in the war) for Edward I's homage to Philip IV. France occupies Flanders.
1296 1328 First War of Scottish Independence Kingdom of Scotland Scottish victory

14th century

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1321 1322 Despenser War Marcher Lords Royalist victory
1324 1324 War of Saint-Sardos France French victory
1332 1357 Second War of Scottish Independence Kingdom of Scotland

France

Scottish victory
1337 1453 Hundred Years' War Duchy of Burgundy
Duchy of Brittany (Montfort)
Portugal
Navarre
Flanders
Hainaut
Luxembourg

 Holy Roman Empire

France
Castile
Scotland
Genoa
Majorca
Bohemia
Aragon

Brittany (Blois)

English victory in the Edwardian War
French victory in the Caroline War and the Lancastrian War
1377 1575 Anglo-Scottish Wars Scotland Stalemate
1381 1382 Third Ferdinand War Portugal Castile Castillian victory
1383 1385 1383–85 Crisis Portugal
Kingdom of England
Crown of Castile
Kingdom of France
Crown of Aragon
Victory

15th century

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1400 1415 Glyndŵr Rising
Part of the Hundred Years' War
Welsh rebels
Kingdom of France
Total English victory
1455 1485 Wars of the Roses House of Lancaster House of York Lancastrian victory, founding of the House of Tudor
1470 1474 Anglo-Hanseatic War  Kingdom of England Hanseatic League Defeat, Hanseatic victory
1496 1498 Italian War of 1494–1498
(1494–1498)
League of Venice:

 Papal States
 Republic of Venice
 Kingdom of Naples
Kingdoms of Spain
Duchy of Milan
 Holy Roman Empire
 Republic of Florence
Duchy of Mantua
 Kingdom of England (from 1496)

 Kingdom of France Victory
  • Forced French retreat
1497 1497 Cornish Rebellion of 1497 Cornish rebels English victory

16th century

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1512 1514 War of the League of Cambrai Papal States
Venice
Holy Roman Empire
Spain

Swiss mercenaries

France
Duchy of Ferrara

Scotland

French and Venetian victory
1522 1525 Italian War of 1521–26 Papal States

Holy Roman Empire

Spain
France

Venice

Victory
1528 1529 War of the League of Cognac France
Papal States
Venice
Florence
Duchy of Milan
Spain
Holy Roman Empire

Republic of Genoa

Defeat, Imperial-Spanish victory
1542 1546 Italian War of 1542–46 Holy Roman Empire
Spain
Saxony

Brandenburg

France
Ottoman Empire

Jülich-Cleves-Berg

Inconclusive
1543 1550 Rough Wooing  Kingdom of England Scotland

France

Defeat, Treaty of Norham, French-Scottish victory
1549 1549 Prayer Book Rebellion Southwestern Catholics Edwardian victory
1556 1559 Italian War of 1551–59 Holy Roman Empire
Spain
Duchy of Florence

Duchy of Savoy

France
Republic of Siena

Ottoman Empire

Defeat, Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, Loss of Calais
1562 1563 English expedition to France (1562-1563) Huguenots (Before Edict of Amboise France
Defeat, Treaty of Troyes (1564), Elizabeth I accepts French rule over Pale of Calais in exchange for 120,000 Crowns.
1562 1598 French Wars of Religion
(1562–1598)
Protestants:
Huguenots
 England
Catholics:
Catholic League
Spain
 Duchy of Savoy
Victory
  • Uneasy truce
  • The Edict of Nantes granted the Huguenots substantial rights in certain areas
  • Paris and other defined territories were declared to be permanently Catholic
  • Failure of France's enemies to weaken France and to gain territories
1566 1648 Eighty Years' War Dutch Republic
France
Huguenots

German Protestants

Holy Roman Empire

Spain

Victory

Peace of Münster, independent Netherlands

1569 1573 First Desmond Rebellion  Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Ireland
allied Irish clans
FitzGeralds of Desmond
allied Irish clans
Victory
1579 1583 Second Desmond Rebellion
(1579–1583)
 Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Ireland
allied Irish clans
FitzGeralds of Desmond
 Spain
 Papal States
allied Irish clans
Victory
1580 1583 War of the Portuguese Succession Portugal loyal to Prior of Crato
 France

 United Provinces

Spain
Portugal loyal to Philip of Spain
Defeat
1585 1604 Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)  United Provinces
 France
Portuguese loyal to Prior of Crato

French Huguenot forces

Spain
French Catholic League
Irish alliance

Order of Saint John

Stalemate
1594 1603 Nine Years' War (Ireland)  Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Ireland
Alliance of Irish clans
Spain

Scottish Gaelic mercenaries

Victory

17th century

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1602 1661 Dutch-Portuguese War (1602–1661)  Dutch Republic
 Kingdom of England
(until 1640)
Johor Sultanate
Kingdom of Kandy
Kingdom of Kongo
Kingdom of Ndongo
Kingdom of Portugal
 Crown of Castile
(until 1640)
Kingdom of Cochin
Potiguara Tupis
Treaty of Hague
1625 1630 Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)  England

Support:

Spain Status quo ante bellum
1627 1629 Anglo-French War (1627–1629)  England  France French victory
1639 1653 Bishops' Wars (1639–1640) Scottish Royalists
England
Scottish Covenanters Covenanters defeat Scottish Royalists and England.
1640 1668 Portuguese Restoration War Kingdom of Portugal
 France
 England
Crown of Spain Victory
1641 1653 Irish Confederate Wars Parliamentarians Irish Catholic Confederation
(allied with Royalists 1648–1650)

English and Scottish Royalists
(allied with Irish Confederates 1648–1650)

English Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland, defeat of Royalists and crushing of Irish Catholic power
1642 1651 English Civil War Parliamentarians Royalists Parliamentarian victory
1652 1654 First Anglo-Dutch War  Commonwealth of England  Dutch Republic Victory

Treaty of Westminster

1654 1660 Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)  Commonwealth of England
 France (1657–59)
Spain
Royalists of the British Isles
Victory
1665 1667 Second Anglo-Dutch War  England
Bishopric of Münster
 Dutch Republic
Denmark
 France
Defeat
1672 1674 Third Anglo-Dutch War  England
 France
Bishopric of Münster
Electorate of Cologne
 Dutch Republic
Denmark-Norway
Defeat

Status quo ante bellum:

1672 1678 Franco-Dutch War  France
 England
 Sweden
Bishopric of Münster
Archbishopric of Cologne
 Dutch Republic
 Holy Roman Empire
 Spain
Denmark-Norway
Electorate of Brandenburg

Peace between France, England and the Dutch Republic:

1685 1685 Monmouth Rebellion Royal army of James II Rebel army of Duke of Monmouth Victory for James II
1687 1688 Anglo-Siamese War England
East India Company
Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam)
(with help from French mercenaries)
Inconclusive. English factory rejected from Siam, after minor naval action the war was not pursued. In 1688, a coup forced the closure of all foreign trade in Siam for 150 years.
1688 1697 Nine Years' War Grand Alliance:
 Dutch Republic
 England
 Holy Roman Empire
Spanish Empire
 Duchy of Savoy
Swedish Empire (until 1691)
 Scotland
 France
Jacobites

18th century

Start End Name of conflict Belligerents (excluding England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1701 1714 War of the Spanish Succession Austrian monarchy
England (until 1707)
Great Britain (from 1707)
Dutch Republic
Holy Roman Empire
Piedmont-Savoy
Prussia
Habsburg Spain
 Portugal
 France
Spanish monarchy
Bavaria (~1704)
Cologne
Mantua (~1708)

List of civil wars

  1. Rebellion of 1088 – in England and Normandy
  2. The Anarchy (1135–54) – in England
  3. Revolt of 1173–74 – in England, Normandy, and Anjou
  4. First Barons' War (1215–17) – in England
  5. Second Barons' War (1264–67) – in England
  6. Welsh Uprising (1282) – in England and Wales
  7. Peasants' Revolt (1381) – in England
  8. Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) – in England and Wales; Richard III was the last English king to die in combat
  9. Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) – in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland
  10. Monmouth Rebellion (1685) – in England
  11. Jacobite Rebellions (1689–91; 1715–16; 1719; 1745–46) – in England, Scotland and Ireland

See also

References

  1. Geoffrey Parker p.73

Further reading

  • Barnett, Correlli. Britain and her army, 1509-1970: a military, political and social survey (1970).
  • Carlton, Charles. This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485-1746 (Yale UP; 2011) 332 pages; studies the impact of near unceasing war from the individual to the national levels.
  • Chandler, David G., and Ian Frederick William Beckett, eds. The Oxford history of the British army (Oxford UP, 2003).
  • Cole, D. H and E. C Priestley. An outline of British military history, 1660-1936 (1936). online
  • Higham, John, ed. A Guide to the Sources of British Military History (1971) 654 pages excerpt; Highly detailed bibliography and discussion up to 1970.
  • Sheppard, Eric William. A short history of the British army (1950). online

Historiography

  • Messenger, Charles, ed. Reader's Guide to Military History (2001) pp 55–74; annotated guide to most important books.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.