List of wars involving France

This is a list of wars involving France and its predecessor states. It is an incomplete list of French and proto-French wars and battles from the foundation of Francia by Clovis I, the Merovingian king who united all the Frankish tribes and northern Gallo-Romans in the 5th century, to the current Fifth Republic.

Frankish Kingdom, Carolingian Empire and West Francia

Conflict	France & allies	France's opposition	Outcome
Campaigns of Clovis I (486-508) Location: Europe	Kingdom of the Franks	Various Enemies	Frankish Victory against Kingdom of Soissons Frankish Victory against Alamannia Frankish Victory against Kingdom of the Burgundians Frankish Victory against Visigothic Kingdom Frankish Defeat against Ostrogothic Kingdom
Franco-Visigothic Wars (492-508) Location: Aquitaine, Provence, Burgundy	Kingdom of the Franks	Visigothic Kingdom	Frankish Victory, Gallia Aquitania annexed by Franks
Frankish-Burgundian War (523-533) Location: France	Francia	Kingdom of the Burgundians	Frankish Victory
Conquest of the Thuringia (531) Location: Thuringia	Francia	Thuringii	Frankish Victory
Gothic War (535-554) Location: Italy, Dalmatia	Ostrogoths, Franks, Alamanni, Burgundians	East Roman Empire, Huns, Heruli, Sclaveni, Lombards	Short-term East Roman conquest of Italy, long-term devastation of Italy
Conquest of the Alemanni (536) Location: Upper Rhine	Francia	Alemanni	Frankish Victory
Conquest of Bavaria (555) Location: Bavaria	Francia	Baiuvarii	Frankish Victory
Frankish Civil War (715-719) Location: Francia	Neustria	Austrasia	Victory for Charles Martel
Frisian–Frankish wars (600-793) Location: Netherlands	Kingdom of the Franks	Frisian Kingdom	Frankish Victory
Umayyad invasion of Gaul (719-759) Location: Southern Gaul	Kingdom of the Franks Kingdom of the Lombards	Umayyad Caliphate Andalusi commanders (as of 750)	Frankish Victory
War against the Lombards (755-758) Location: Lombardy	Kingdom of the Franks	Lombards	Donation of Pepin
War of Aquitaine (761-768) Location: Aquitaine	Kingdom of the Franks	Aquitani	Frankish Victory
Saxon Wars (772-804) Location: Germany	Kingdom of the Franks	Saxons	Frankish Victory
War against the Lombards (773-774) Location: Lombardy	Kingdom of the Franks	Lombards	Frankish Victory, annexation of the Lombard Empire
War against the Avars and Slavs (791-805) Location: Pannonia	Kingdom of the Franks	Avars & Slavs	Frankish Victory
Frankish-Breton War (843-851) Location: France	West Francia	Duchy of Brittany	Defeat, Treaty of Angers 851
Frankish-Viking battles (845-923) Location: France	West Francia	Vikings	Eventual Frankish Victory at Siege of Chartres (911) Establishment of Duchy of Normandy Rollo swears Vassalage to Robert I of France Rollo converts to Christianity

Kingdom of France (987–1792)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Reconquista (722-1492) Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa Location: Iberia	Kingdom of Castile Kingdom of León Kingdom of Navarre Crown of Aragón County of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of France Many other Christian nations and Crusader orders	Muslim nations and factions of Iberia	Christian Victory
First Norman Rebellion against William (1047) Location: Normandy	Kingdom of France Duchy of Normandy	Norman Rebels	French-Norman Victory, Rebels defeated
Second Norman Rebellion against William (1052-1054) Location: Normandy	Kingdom of France Norman Rebels	Duchy of Normandy	Norman Victory, French and Rebels defeated
First Crusade (1096-1099) Location: Mostly Levant and Anatolia	Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Various Christian Kingdoms and Crusader orders	Fatimid Caliphate Seljuk Empire Sultanate of Rûm Danishmends Seljuk Emirate of Aleppo Seljuk Emirate of Damascus Abbasid Caliphate	Crusader Victory
Crusade of 1101 Location: Anatolia	Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Byzantine Empire Papal States	Sultanate of Rum	Defeat
Anglo-French War 1109-13 Location: Normandy	Kingdom of France	Duchy of Normandy Kingdom of England	Truce
Anglo-French War 1116-19 Location: Normandy	Norman Rebels Kingdom of France	Duchy of Normandy Kingdom of England	Anglo-Norman Victory
Anglo-French War 1123-1135 Location: France	Kingdom of France County of Maine	Duchy of Normandy Kingdom of England	Rebellion in Maine suppressed by Anglo-Normans, French remain in a strong position, Henry I dies. The White Ship incident opens succession question and the Anarchy begins before conclusive result
Second Crusade (1147-1150) Location: Iberia, Levant and Anatolia	Kingdom of France Various Christian Kingdoms and Crusader orders	Various Muslim Kingdoms	Mixed results Iberia - Crusader Victory Levant - Status Quo Ante Bellum Anatolia - Crusader Defeat
Anglo-French War 1158-1189 Location: France	Kingdom of France Angevins suppoting Prince Richard	Kingdom of England	Revolt of 1173-74 defeated, Richards revolt successful in 1189 with the help of Philip II and French forces, Treaty of Azay-le-Rideau, Prince Richard becomes king of England at expense of Henry II following the battle of Ballans
Anglo-French War 1193-1199 Location: France	Kingdom of France	Kingdom of England	Truce at Vernon
Third Crusade (1189-1192) Location: Levant and Anatolia	Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of England Various Christian Kingdoms and Crusader orders	Ayyubid Sultanate Sultanate of Rûm Byzantine Empire Empire of Cyprus	Crusader Victory
Fourth Crusade (1202-04) Location: Holy Land and Byzantine Empire	Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Republic of Venice	In Europe: Byzantine Empire Kingdom of Croatia (in union with Hungary) Holy Land: Ayyubid Sultanate	Division of Byzantine Empire
French invasion of Normandy (1202–1204) Location: Normandy	Kingdom of France	Kingdom of England	French Victory, Normandy, Anjou and Maine annexed by France
Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229) Location: Languedoc, France	* Crusade Papal States Episcopal Inquisition Dominican Order Militia of the Faith of Jesus Christ Hospitallers of the Holy Spirit Knights of Saint George Kingdom of France Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Brittany County of Nevers County of Auxerre County of Saint-Pol Viscounty of Donges Viscounty of Torèna English volunteers Duchy of Austria Duchy of Berg Electorate of Cologne County of Aurenja County of Provence-Forcalquier	Cathars County of Toulouse Viscounty of Béziers and Albi County of Valentinois Lordship of Séverac Marquisate of Provence Viscounty of Béarn County of Astarac Crown of Aragon County of Foix County of Comminges Viscounty of Carcassonne Lordship of Menèrba Lordship of Tèrmes Lordship of Cabaret Lordship of Montsegúr Exiled knights	Crusader Victory
Anglo-French War (1213-14) Battle of Bouvines Location: France, Flanders	Kingdom of France	Angevin Empire Kingdom of England County of Anjou Duchy of Normandy Duchy of Aquitaine Holy Roman Empire County of Flanders County of Boulogne	French Victory, Collapse of Angevin Empire
First Barons War (1215-17) Location: England	Army of God and Holy Church Kingdom of France	Pro-Angevin forces	French Invasion Defeat
Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Location: Egypt andLevant	Kingdom of France Various Christian Kingdoms and Crusader Orders	Ayyubids	Crusader Defeat
Poitou War (1224) Location: Poitou	France	England	French Victory
Saintonge War (1242-1243) Battle of Taillebourg Location: Saintonge	France	England	French Victory
Seventh Crusade (1248-1254) Location: Egypt	Kingdom of France Poitou Anjou Artois Principality of Morea Knights Templar	Ayyubids	Crusader Defeat
Eighth Crusade (1270) Location: Tunisia	Kingdom of France Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Navarre	Hafsid dynasty	Inconclusive, Death of King Louis IX
War of the Sicilian Vespers (1282-1302) Aragonese Crusade Location: Sicily and Catalonia	Angevin Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of France Kingdom of Majorca	Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Trinacria Byzantine Empire	Division of the kingdom of Sicily into Aragonese Trinacria and Angevin Naples, Aragonese Crusade defeated
Anglo-French War (1294-1303) Location: South-Western France	France	England	French Victory
Franco-Flemish War (1297-1305) Location: Flanders	France	County of Flanders	French Victory
War of Saint-Sardos (1324) Location: Aquitaine	France	England	French Victory
Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–1328 (1323-1328) Battle of Cassel (1328) Location: Flanders	Kingdom of France Flemish count and loyalists	Flemish rebels	French Victory
Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) Edwardian Phase Battle of Poitiers Battle of Crecy Caroline Phase Battle of Pontvallain Lancastrian Phase Battle of Agincourt Siege of Orleans Battle of Patay Battle of Formigny Battle of Castillon Location: France, England, Spain, Scotland and Low Countries	France Burgundian State (1337 to 1419 and 1435 to 1453) Kingdom of Scotland Crown of Castile Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Bohemia Crown of Aragon Avignon Papacy[lower-alpha 1]	Kingdom of England Burgundian State (1419 to 1435) Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Ghent Rebels[lower-alpha 2] Papal States[lower-alpha 3]	French Victory
Castilian Civil War (1351-1369) Battle of Montiel Location: Spain	Forces of Henry of Trastámara Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon	Forces of Peter of Castile Kingdom of England Kingdom of Navarre Kingdom of Majorca Kingdom of Granada	Victory for Henry of Trastámara
Barbary Crusade (1390) Location: Tunisia	Kingdom of France Republic of Genoa	Hafsids Zianids Bejaia	Truce negotiated, Both sides claim victory
Nicopolis Crusade (1396) Battle of Nicopolis Location: Nicopolis	Crusade: Holy Roman Empire Bohemian Crown Duchy of Savoy Swiss Confederacy Kingdom of France[1] Duchy of Burgundy Kingdom of Hungary[1] Voivodship of Transylvania Kingdom of Croatia[1] Principality of Wallachia[2] Knights Hospitaller[1] Republic of Venice[1] Republic of Genoa Bulgarian Empire[3] Polish Crown Crown of Castile Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Navarre Teutonic Order Byzantine Empire	Ottoman Empire Moravian Serbia[4]}}	Defeat
Old Zurich War (1440-1446) Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs Location: Swiss plateau	Imperial City of Zurich Habsburg Further Austria France	Old Swiss Confederacy: Canton of Bern Canton of Lucerne Canton of Uri Canton of Schwyz Canton of Unterwalden Canton of Glarus Canton of Zug Vogteien of Appenzell	Peace of Einsiedeln
Milanese War of Succession (1447-54) Location: Italy	House of Sforza Duchy of Milan (1450–4) Republic of Florence (1452–4) Kingdom of France (1452–4)	Republic of Venice Margravate of Mantua Ambrosian Republic (1447–50) Duchy of Savoy	Francesco Sforza recognised as Duke of Milan
War of the Burgundian Succession (1477-1482) Location: France, Low Countries	Valois-Orléans: Kingdom of France	Burgundy-Habsburg: Burgundian State	France annexes several Burgundian territories, Maximilian I retains the Netherlands, the County of Burgundy, Artois and Charolais.
Catalan Civil War (1462-1472) Location: Catalonia	John II of Aragon France	Principality of Catalonia rebels	John reestablished as King
War of the Castilian Succession (1475-1479) Location: Spain	Joanna's supporters Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of France	Isabella's supporters Crown of Aragon	Isabella is recognised as Queen of Castile in exchange for Ferdinand breaking alliance with Maximilian I, Duke of Burgundy
Mad War (1485-1488) Location: France	Kingdom of France	Duchy of Lorraine Duchy of Brittany Lordship of Albret Principality of Orange County of Angoulême Supported by: Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of England Kingdom of Castile-Leon	Royal Victory
French-Breton War (1487–1491) Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier (1488) Location: Duchy of Brittany	Kingdom of France	Duchy of Brittany Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of England Kingdom of Castile and León	French Victory, Anne of Brittany marries Charles VIII of France
First Italian War 1494-1498 Location: Italy	Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries Duchy of Milan (before 1495)	1494: Kingdom of Naples 1495: League of Venice Papal States Republic of Venice Kingdom of Naples Kingdoms of Spain Duchy of Milan Holy Roman Empire Republic of Florence England (1496–98) Duchy of Mantua Republic of Genoa	Victory for the League of Venice
Second Italian War (1499–1501) Battle of Novara Location: Italy	France Papal States Venice (1499) Spain (1500) Marquisate of Saluzzo	Duchy of Milan Naples	France conquers the Duchy of Milan
Third Italian War (1502–1504) Location: Italy	France	Spain	Spanish Victory, France cedes Naples
War of the League of Cambrai (1508-1516) Battle of Marignano Location: Italy, France, England and Spain	1508–1510: League of Cambrai: Papal States France Holy Roman Empire Spain Duchy of Ferrara 1510–1511: France Duchy of Ferrara 1511–1513: France Duchy of Ferrara Scotland Florence 1513–1516: France Venice Duchy of Ferrara	1508–1510: Venice 1510–1511: Papal States Venice 1511–1513: Holy League: Papal States Venice Spain Holy Roman Empire England Swiss mercenaries 1513–1516: Papal States Spain Holy Roman Empire England Duchy of Milan Swiss mercenaries	French and Venetian Victory
Italian War of 1521-1526 Battle of Pavia Location: France, Italy and Spain	France Swiss mercenaries Republic of Venice Papal States (1524–1525) Marquisate of Saluzzo	Holy Roman Empire Spain England Papal States (1521–1523 and 1525–1526)	Habsburg Victory, Capture of Francois I
War of the League of Cognac (1526-30) Location: Italy	Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries Papal States Swiss Guards Republic of Venice Republic of Florence Kingdom of England Republic of Genoa (1526–1528) Kingdom of Navarre Duchy of Milan	Holy Roman Empire Spain Duchy of Ferrara Republic of Genoa (1528–1530) Duchy of Mantua (1528–1530)	Habsburg Victory
Italian War of 1536–1538 Location: Provence, Piedmont and Lombardy	France Ottoman Empire	Holy Roman Empire Spain	Truce of Nice, Savoy and Piedmont acquired by France
Italian War of 1542-1546 Location: England, France, Italy, Spain, and the Low Countries	France Swiss mercenaries Ottoman Empire Jülich-Cleves-Berg	Holy Roman Empire Saxony Brandenburg Spain Kingdom of England	Treaty of Crépy and Treaty of Ardres
Rough Wooing (1542-1551) Location: Northern England and Scotland	Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of France	Kingdom of England	Scottish and French Victory
Italian War of 1551-1559 Location: France, Flanders, Italy and the Mediterranean	Kingdom of France Swiss mercenaries Republic of Siena Ottoman Empire Papal States	Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Duchy of Mantua Republic of Florence Duchy of Savoy	Spanish-Imperial Victory
Anglo-French War (1557-1559) Location: Pale of Calais Siege of Calais (1558)	Kingdom of France	Kingdom of England	French Victory
French Wars of Religion (1562-1628) First War 1562-1563 Second War 1567-1568 Third War 1568-1570 Fourth War 1572-1573 Fifth War 1574-1576 Sixth War 1576-1577 Seventh War 1579-1580 War of the Three Henrys Huguenot rebellions Location: France	France France	Protestants: Huguenots England Scotland Navarre Catholic League Spain Savoy Portuguese Empire	Edict of Nantes 1598, Edict of Fontainebleau 1685 revokes treaty of Nantes
English expedition to France (1562-1563) Location: Le Havre, Dieppe	Kingdom of France	Kingdom of England, Huguenots (Before Edict of Amboise)	Elizabeth I accepts French rule over Pale of Calais
War of the Portuguese Succession (1580-1583) Location: Portugal, Atlantic Ocean, and the Azores Islands	Pro-Crato Portugal Supported by France England Dutch Republic	Spain Pro-Philip Portugal	Spanish Victory, Philip II of Spain crowned king of Portugal, Iberian Union
Franco-Spanish War 1595-98 Battle of Fontaine-Française Siege of Amiens (1597) Location: Western Europe	Kingdom of France England	Spain	French Victory
Franco-Savoyard War (1600–1601) Location: Savoy	Kingdom of France	Duchy of Savoy	Treaty of Lyon (1601)
War of the Jülich Succession (1609-10) Location: United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg	Margraviate of Brandenburg Palatinate-Neuburg United Provinces Kingdom of France Protestant Union	Rudolph II Principality of Strasbourg Prince-Bishopric of Liège Catholic League	France did not participate when war resumed in 1614
Valtellina War (1620-26) Location: Valtellina	France The Three Leagues Venice Savoy	Papal States Holy Roman Empire Spain	Treaty of Monzon, France prevents complete Habsburg control of Valtellina
First Savoyard-Genoese War (1625) Location: Genoa	Kingdom of France Duchy of Savoy	Spain Republic of Genoa	Defeat
Anglo-French War (1627-1629) Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré Siege of La Rochelle (1627-1628) Location: France, Quebec	France	England	Treaty of Susa, English withdraw support for huguenots, Status Quo Ante Bellum in Canada
War of the Mantuan Succession (1628-31) Location: Northern Italy	Supporting the Duke of Nevers: France Venice	Supporting the Duke of Guastalla: Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Savoy Spain	Duke of Nevers is recognised as ruler of Mantua
Thirty Years War (1618-1648) Location: Europe, primarily in Germany	France (from 1635) Bohemia (until 1620) Sweden (from 1630) Palatinate (until 1632) Duchy of Savoy (1618–19) Transylvania (until 1621)[5] Dutch Republic (from 1619) Denmark–Norway (1625–29) Heilbronn League (1631–1635) Hesse-Kassel (from 1629) Brandenburg-Prussia (1631–1635)[lower-alpha 4] Brunswick-Lüneburg (1634–1642) Saxony (1630–1635)[lower-alpha 4]	Habsburg Monarchy Spanish Empire Electorate of Bavaria Catholic League (1618–1635)	France annexes Décapole and Upper Alsace[6] Peace of Westphalia
Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) Battle of the Dunes Location: Northern France, Catalonia, Spanish Netherlands, Northern Italy, the Rhineland	Kingdom of France Dutch Republic England (1657–1659)	Spanish Empire	Treaty of the Pyrenees, Artois, Roussillon and Perpignan annexed by France
Austro-Turkish War (1663-1664) Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664) Location: Kingdom of Hungary	Holy Roman Empire France League of the Rhine	Ottoman Empire	Peace of Vasvár
Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667) Location: Europe, Caribbean, North Sea and English Channel	Dutch Republic Denmark–Norway France	England Scotland Münster	Treaty of Breda
War of Devolution (1667-1668) LocationSpanish Netherlands, Franche-Comté, Northern Catalonia	France	Spain	Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), France gains Armentières, Bergues, Charleroi, Kortrijk, Douai, Veurne, Lille, Oudenaarde and Tournai
Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678) Location: Low Countries, England, Alsace, Rhineland, Brandenburg, Sicily, France, North America, West Indies	France England (1672–74) Münster (1672–1673) Cologne (1672–1673)	Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire (from 1673) Spain (from 1673) Brandenburg-Prussia (from 1673) Lorraine (from 1673) Denmark–Norway (from 1674) England (1678)	Peace of Nijmegen, France gains Franche-Comté
War of the Reunions (1683-1684) LocationSpanish Netherlands, Catalonia, Genoa	France	* Holy Roman Empire Spain Republic of Genoa	French Victory
French conquest of Senegal (1659–1895) Location: Senegal	France	Waalo Kingdom Kingdom of Cayor Jolof Empire Baol Kingdom of Sine Saloum	French victory France conquers territory of present-day Senegal
French-Tripolitania War (1681-1685) Location: Chios, Tripoli and Tunis	France	Tripolitania Tunis	French Victory
French-Algerian War 1681-88 (1681-88) Location: Algiers	France	Regency of Algiers	French Victory
Siamese revolution of 1688 (1688) Location: Siam	Prasat Thong dynasty France French East India Company	Phetracha and various Siamese lords Supported by: Dutch East India Company	French defeat Establishment of Ban Phlu Luang dynasty Expulsion of French troops in Bangkok
Nine Years' War King William's War (1688–1697) Williamite War in Ireland Location: Europe, Ireland, Asia, North America	France New France Wabanaki Confederacy Jacobites	Dutch Republic England Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Duchy of Savoy Portuguese Empire Swedish Empire (until 1691)	Treaty of Ryswick
French and Iroquois Wars (17th century) Location: Great Lakes region	Huron, Erie, Neutral, Odawa, Ojibwe, Mississaugas, Potawatomi, Algonquin, Shawnee, Wenro, Mahican, Innu, Abenaki, Miami, Illinois Confederation, other nations allied with France Supported by: France	Haudenosaunee Supported by: England Dutch Republic	Military stalemate Great Peace of Montreal Growth of French token influence in the Great Lakes region Huron-Wendat Confederacy destroyed or assimilated Military refugee migration results in expansion of Iroquois hunting grounds down to Mississippi River Further Iroquois territorial expansion halted in military campaigns by the Council of Three Fires
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) Queen Anne's War First Carnatic War Rákóczi's War of Independence Battle of Bleinham Battle of Denain Location: Europe, North America, Asia, Africa	* France Bourbon Spain Bavaria (until 1704) Savoy (until 1703) Cologne (until 1702) Liège (until 1702)	Holy Roman Empire Great Britain Dutch Republic Pro-Habsburg Spain Prussia (from 1702) Savoy (after 1703) Portugal (from 1703)	Treaty of Utrecht,Treaty of Portsmouth Philip becomes Philip V of Spain But territorial loses to Britain
Chickasaw Wars (1721–1763) Location: Mississippi River	France Choctaw Illini	Great Britain Chickasaw	Chickasaw victory Treaty of Paris
War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718-1720) Location: Europe, North America	Great Britain France Austria Dutch Republic	Spain	Allied Victory
Fox Wars (1712-1733) Location: Detroit	Kingdom of France and Indigenous Allies	Fox Peoples	French Victory
War of the Polish Succession (1733-1735) Location: Poland, Rhineland, Italy	* Poland loyal to Stanislaus I France Spain Savoy-Sardinia Duchy of Parma	* Poland loyal to Augustus III Russia Holy Roman Empire Habsburg Monarchy Saxony Prussia	Treaty of Vienna, Bourbon Territorial gains, France guaranteed Lorraine following death of Stanisław Leszczyński
War of Austrian Succession (1740-48) King George's War (1744–1748) Second Carnatic War Jacobite Rising of 1745 Battle of Fontenoy Location: Europe, North America	* France New France Wabanaki Confederacy Prussia (1740–42, 1744–45) Spain Bavaria (1741–45) Saxony (1741–42) Savoy-Sardinia (1741–42) Genoa (1745–48) Sweden (1741–43) Duchy of Modena	* Great Britain British America Iroquois Confederacy Habsburg Monarchy Great Britain Hanover Dutch Republic Co-belligerents Saxony (1743–45) Savoy-Sardinia (1742–48) Russia (1741–43, 1748)	Status quo ante bellum Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755) Location: Acadia and Nova Scotia	France New France Wabanaki Confederacy Mi'kmaw militia Maliseet militia	Great Britain British America	French defeat
Seven Years' War (1756–1763) French and Indian War (1754–1763) Third Carnatic War Location: Europe,North America,Asia St. Lawrence and Mohawk theater Battle of Lake George Battle of Fort Bull Battle of Fort Oswego (1756) Battle on Snowshoes (1757) Battle of Sabbath Day Point Siege of Fort William Henry Attack on German Flatts (1757) Battle on Snowshoes Battle of Carillon Battle of Fort Frontenac Battle of La Belle-Famille Battle of Fort Niagara Battle of Ticonderoga Battle of Beauport Battle of the Plains of Abraham St. Francis Raid Battle of Sainte-Foy Battle of the Thousand Islands Ohio Valley Theater Battle of Jumonville Glen Battle of the Great Meadows Braddock Expedition Battle of the Monongahela Forbes Expedition Battle of Fort Duquesne Battle of Fort Ligonier Atlantic theater Action of 8 June 1755 Battle of Fort Beauséjour Bay of Fundy Campaign (1755) Battle of Petitcodiac Raid on Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (1756) Louisbourg Expedition (1757) Battle of Bloody Creek (1757) Siege of Louisbourg (1758) Petitcodiac River Campaign Ile Saint-Jean Campaign Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign (1758) St. John River Campaign Battle of Restigouche Battle of Signal Hill West Indies Campaign (1757–1762) Location: West Indies Battle of Cap-Français Invasion of Martinique (1759) Invasion of Guadeloupe (1759) Invasion of Dominica (1761) Invasion of Martinique (1762) West African Campaign (1758) Location: West Africa Capture of Senegal Capture of Gorée	France New France Wabanaki Confederacy Abenaki Mi'kmaw militia Algonquin Lenape Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Wyandot	Great Britain British America Iroquois Confederacy Catawba Cherokee (before 1758)	French defeat
Larache expedition (1765) Location: Larache, Morocco	France	Morocco	French defeat
Anglo-French War 1778-83 (1778-83) American Revolutionary War Battle of the Chesapeake Siege of Yorktown (1781) Location: English Channel, Atlantic Ocean, West Indies, North America, Straits of Gibraltar, Balearic Islands, East Indies	France Spain United States	Great Britain	French Victory
French Conquest of Corsica (1768-1770) Location: Corsica	France	Corsican Republic	French Victory

First French Republic (1792–1804)

Conflict	France & its Allies	France's opposition	Outcome
War of the First Coalition (1792-1797) Location: France, Central Europe, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, West Indies	France Batavian Republic (from 1795)[lower-alpha 5] Polish Legions (from 1797)[lower-alpha 6] Sister Republics Spain (from 1796)[lower-alpha 7]	Army of Condé Dutch Republic (until 1795) Great Britain Holy Roman Empire (until 1797)[lower-alpha 8] Habsburg Monarchy (until 1797)[lower-alpha 9] Prussia (until 1795)[lower-alpha 10] Naples (until 1796) Portugal Sardinia (until 1796)[lower-alpha 11] Spain (until 1795)[lower-alpha 12] Other Italian states	French Victory
War of the Pyrenees (1793-1795) Location: Pyrenees	France	Kingdom of Spain Kingdom of Portugal	French Victory
Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) Location: Saint-Domingue Collage of the Haitian Revolution Saint-Domingue expedition Battle of Ravine-à-Couleuvres Battle of Crête-à-Pierrot Blockade of Saint-Domingue Battle of Vertières	Slave owners Kingdom of France French Republic	Ex-slaves French royalists Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1793–1795) Great Britain Ex-slaves (1802–1803)	Haitian victory French colonial government expelled Massacre of the French French occupation of Santo Domingo
War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802) Mediterranean campaign of 1798 Location: Europe, Middle East, Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean Sea	France Spain Polish Legions French client republics: Batavian Republic Helvetic Republic Cisalpine Republic Roman Republic (until 1799)[lower-alpha 13] Parthenopaean Republic (1799)[lower-alpha 14]	Holy Roman Empire (until 1801)[lower-alpha 15] Austria (until 1801) Great Britain (pre-1801) United Kingdom (post-1801) Russia (until 1799) Portugal Naples (until 1801) Grand Duchy of Tuscany (until 1801) Order of Saint John (1798) Ottoman Empire French Royalists	French Victory French Victory in Europe Anglo-Ottoman Victory in Mediterranean, Egypt and Levant Britain signs Treaty of Amiens which is favourable to France bringing the Anglo-French War of 1792-1802 to an end. Peace is short lived War starts again in 1803 Anglo-French War 1803-1814
Peasants' War (1798) Location: Southern Netherlands	France	Brigands	French Victory
Quasi-War (1798-1800) Location: Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean	France Spain	United States Great Britain	Convention of 1800
War of the Oranges (1801) Location: Portugal	France Kingdom of Spain	Kingdom of Portugal	French Victory, Portugal closes its ports to British ships

First French Empire (1804–1814,15)

Conflict	France & its Allies	France's opposition	Outcome
War of the Third Coalition (1803-06) Location: Central Europe, Italy and the Atlantic Ocean	France Batavian Republic Bavaria Etruria Italy Spain Württemberg	Holy Roman Empire Naples Russia Sicily Sweden United Kingdom	French victory Treaty of Pressburg Consolidation of the French Empire Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine French conquest of Naples Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Formation of the Fourth Coalition a few months later
Franco-Swedish War (1805-10) Location: Swedish Pomerania	France	Sweden	French victory Sweden integrates into continental system
Siege of Santo Domingo (1805) Location: Santo Domingo, Saint-Domingue present day Dominican Republic	France	Haiti	French victory Haitian withdrawal from Santo Domingo
War of the Fourth Coalition (1806) Location: Central Europe, Wallachia and Moldavia	France Confederation of the Rhine Etruria Holland Italy Naples Polish Legions and rebels Saxony (after 11 December 1806) Spain Switzerland	Prussia Russia Saxony (until 11 December 1806) Sicily Sweden United Kingdom	French victory Treaties of Tilsit Prussia loses half of its territory Creation of the Duchy of Warsaw Saxony joins the Confederation of the Rhine Franco-Russian alliance Creation of the Continental System Hostilities resume later in 1807 with the commencement of the Peninsular War and expand in 1809 with the formation of a Fifth Coalition against France
Peninsular War (1808-1814) Location: Iberian Peninsula and Southern France	France Napoleonic Spain Confederation of the Rhine Duchy of Warsaw Italy	Spain Portugal United Kingdom	Coalition Victory, Junta control over Spain Treaty of Paris
War of the Fifth Coalition (1809) Location: Central Europe, Italy and Netherlands	France Confederation of the Rhine Bavaria Saxony Westphalia Württemberg Duchy of Warsaw Holland Italy Naples Switzerland	Austria Black Brunswickers Portugal Sardinia Sicily Spain Tyrol United Kingdom	French victory Treaty of Schönbrunn Hostilities in the Peninsular War maintained General hostilities across Europe suspended until 1812 with the French Invasion of Russia
Tyrolean Rebellion (1809) Location: Tyrol	French Empire	Tyrolean partisans	French victory, Uprising crushed
French invasion of Russia (1812) Location: Eastern Europe	France Confederation of the Rhine Baden Bavaria Berg Saxony Westphalia Duchy of Warsaw Italy Naples Switzerland	Russia	Russian victory Start of the War of the Sixth Coalition
War of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814) Location: Central and Eastern Europe	France Duchy of Warsaw[lower-alpha 16] Italy Naples Until January 1814 Confederation of the Rhine (many member states defected after Battle of Leipzig) Denmark–Norway	Original coalition Mecklenburg-Schwerin Portugal Prussia Russia Sardinia Sicily Spain Sweden United Kingdom After the Armistice of Pläswitz Austria Bavaria After the Battle of Leipzig Württemberg Baden Netherlands Liechtenstein After January 1814 Denmark	Coalition victory Treaty of Fontainebleau, Treaty of Kiel and First Treaty of Paris Bourbon Restoration, with Napoleon defeated and exiled to Elba Various territorial changes Dissolution of Denmark-Norway Beginning of the Congress of Vienna Hostilities resume with the return of Napoleon to power in 1815
Hundred Days (1815) Location: France and Netherlands	France Naples	Austria Prussia Russia United Kingdom Baden Bavaria Brunswick Denmark Kingdom of France Hanover Liechtenstein Nassau Netherlands Portugal Sardinia Saxony Sicily Spain Sweden Switzerland Tuscany Württemberg	Coalition-Bourbon victory Second Treaty of Paris End of the Napoleonic Wars Second exile of Napoleon and second Bourbon Restoration Beginning of the Concert of Europe

Bourbon Restoration (1814-15, 1815–1830)

Conflict	France & its Allies	France's opposition	Outcome
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis (1820-1823) Location: Spain	Kingdom of France Armée de la Foi	Partisans of the Cortes	French and Spanish Royalist victory
Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) Battle of Navarino Morea Expedition Location: Greece	1821: Filiki Eteria Greek revolutionaries After 1822: Hellenic Republic Supported by: Romanian Revolutionaries (1821) Philhellenes United Kingdom (after 1826) Russian Empire (after 1826) Kingdom of France (after 1826) Serb and Montenegrin volunteers	Ottoman Empire Egypt Algeria Tripolitania Tunis	Greek victory First Hellenic Republic established and recognized
Franco-Trarzan War of 1825 (1825) Location: Waalo, West Africa	France	Trarza	French victory
Irish and German Mercenary Soldiers' Revolt (1825) Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Empire of Brazil France United Kingdom	Irish mercenaries German mercenaries	Revolt Suppressed

July Monarchy (1830–1848)

Conflict	France & allies	France's opposition	Outcome
Liberal Wars (1828–34) Battle of the Tagus Location: Portugal	Liberals Supported by: United Kingdom (1828-1834) France (1830-1834) Belgian volunteers (1832-1834)[7] Spain (1833-1834)	Miguelites Supported by: Spain (1828-1833)	Liberal Victory Concession of Evoramonte
French conquest of Algeria (1827–1830–1857) Location: Regency of Algiers Battle of Macta Siege of Constantine Battle of Mazagran Battle of the Smala Battle of Sidi Brahim	France	Ottoman Empire Regency of Algiers Emirate of Abdelkader Kingdom of Ait Abbas Kel Ahaggar Sultanate of Morocco	French victory Pacification of Algeria
Belgian Revolution (1830–31) Location: The Low Countries	Belgian rebels France	United Netherlands	Franco-Belgian victory Most European powers' recognition of Belgium's independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands
First Carlist War (1833-1840) Location: Spain	Liberals Supported by: France United Kingdom Portugal (from 1834)	Carlists Supported by: Portugal (until 1834)	French and Liberal victory
First Franco-Mexican War (1838–1839) Location: Mexico	France	Mexico	French victory Mexican government agrees to pay damages of 600,000 pesos
Uruguayan Civil War (1839-1851) Anglo-French blockade of the Rio de la Plata Battle of Vuelta de Obligado Location: Uruguay	Colorados Unitarian Party Brazil France United Kingdom Riograndense Republic Italian redshirts	Blancos Argentine Confederation	Colorado victory, Arana-Southern Treaty for Anglo-French blockade of the Rio de la Plata
First Franco-Moroccan War (1844) Location: Morocco Bombardment of Tangiers Battle of Isly Bombardment of Mogador	France	Morocco Algerian volunteers	French victory
Franco-Tahitian War (1844–1847) Location: Tahiti	France	Tahiti Huahine Raiatea Bora Bora and Tahaa	French victory
Bombardment of Tourane (1847) Location: Off Tourane (Da Nang), South Central Coast of Vietnam	France	Nguyễn dynasty	French victory

Second French Republic (1848–1852)

Conflict	France & its Allies	France's opposition	Outcome
First Italian War of Independence (1848) Location: Lombardy	Austrian Empire Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia French Republic	Kingdom of Sardinia Italian Volunteer Army Supported by: Provisional Government of Milan Republic of San Marco Kingdom of Sicily Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Modena and Reggio Duchy of Parma and Piacenza Roman Republic	French-Austrian Victory Austria keeps Lombardy-Venetia French Victory over Roman Republic Papal rule restored over Rome[8]

Second French Empire (1852–1870)

Conflict	France & its Allies	France's opposition	Outcome
Taiping Rebellion (1850–1871) Location: China	China Xiang Army Huai Army Later stages: France United Kingdom	Taiping Heavenly Kingdom	Qing victory Fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Diminished power of the central court over the provinces Rise of irregular provincial armies Vanquishing of God Worshippers Lasting damage to the perception of Christianity in China Sparking other rebellions in China, including the Miao Rebellion (1854–73) Persecution of Hakka people and other ethnic groups that supported the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Bombardment of Salé (1851) Location: Morocco	France	Sherifian Empire	French military victory French political failure Morocco agreed to pay 100,000 francs to the French on 29 November 1851 to avoid further conflict.[9] France had desired a revolt against the governor of Salé to force repayment and avoid destruction of the city, but this did not occur.[10]
Crimean War (1853-1856) Location: Crimea, Caucasus, Balkans, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, White Sea, Far East	France Ottoman Empire Egypt Tunis British Empire[lower-alpha 17] Sardinia[lower-alpha 18] Supported by: Austrian Empire Caucasus Imamate[lower-alpha 19] Circassia Abkhazia[lower-alpha 18]	Russian Empire Mingrelia Kurdish rebels Greece[lower-alpha 20]	Allied victory Treaty of Paris
Second Opium War (1857) Location: China	France United Kingdom India United States	Qing dynasty	Allied victory Treaty of Tientsin
Siege of Medina Fort (1857) Location: Médine, Mali	France	Toucouleur Empire	French victory
Cochinchina Campaign (1858–1862) Location: Vietnam	Second French Empire Spain Philippines	Nguyễn Dynasty	Franco-Spanish victory Cochinchina (southern Vietnam) becomes a French colony
Second Italian War of Independence (1859) Location: Lombardy-Venetia, Piedmont and the Austrian Littoral	French Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Supported By: United Principalities	Austrian Empire Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia	Franco-Sardinian victory
Second Franco-Mexican War (1862–1867) Location: Mexico Battle of Puebla Battle of Barranca Seca Battle of San Pablo del Monte Battle of Camarón Battle of San Juan Bautista Capture of Mazatlán Battle of Acapulco Battle of San Pedro Siege of Mexico City	France Mexican Empire	United Mexican States United States (from 1865)[11]	French Defeat Establishment, then fall, of the Second Mexican Empire French withdrawal
Shimonoseki Campaign (1863–1864) Location: Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan	British Empire French Empire Netherlands United States	Chōshū Domain	Allied victory
French campaign against Korea (1866) Location: Korea	France	Korea	French defeat French withdrawal, Korea reaffirms its isolationism
Garibaldis Expedition to Rome 1867 Location: Rome	France Papal States	Italian volunteers	Franco-Papal Victory
Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) Location: France	France	North German Confederation Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Saxony Grand Duchy of Baden Kingdom of Bavaria Kingdom of Württemberg Grand Duchy of Hesse	French Defeat Dissoulution of the Second French Empire, Third Republic Established

French Third Republic (1870–1940)

Conflict	France & its Allies	France's opposition	Outcome
Annexation of the Leeward Islands (1880-1897) Location: Society Islands	France Tahiti (French protectorate)	Raiatea-Tahaa Huahine Bora Bora	French Victory
French conquest of Tunisia (1881) Location: Tunisia	France	Beylik of Tunis	French victory Tunisia becomes a French protectorate
Mandingo Wars (1883–1898) Location: West Africa	France	Wassoulou Empire	French victory
First Madagascar expedition (1883–1885) Location: Madagascar	France	Merina Kingdom	French victory
Sino-French War (1884–1885) Location: Southeast mainland China, Taiwan, northern Vietnam Battle of Foochow Kep Campaign Battle of Shipu Battle of Zhenhai Lạng Sơn Campaign Siege of Tuyên Quang Battle of Hòa Mộc Battle of Phu Lam Tao Battle of Bang Bo Retreat from Lạng Sơn Pescadores Campaign	France	China Black Flag Army Nguyễn dynasty	Both sides declared victory Limited strategic victory for Qing forces on land Defeat of Qing forces on Taiwan and surrounding islands Collapse of Ferry's government in late March due to public opinion against the war Treaty of Tientsin
Tonkin Campaign (1883–1886) Location: Northern Vietnam	France	Qing dynasty Black Flag Army Nguyễn dynasty	French victory French protectorate over Tonkin and Annam
First Franco-Dahomean War (1890) Location: Ouémé Department of modern Benin	France	Dahomey	French victory Dahomey recognizes Porto-Novo as a French protectorate and gives up customs rights to Cotonou in exchange for yearly payment
Second Franco-Dahomean War (1892–1894) Location: Ouémé Department and Zou Department of modern Benin Battle of Abomey	France	Dahomey	French victory Dahomey conquered and incorporated as a French protectorate
Franco-Siamese War (1893) Location: French Indochina, Siam	French Republic French Indochina	Siam	French victory Entente Cordiale Laos ceded to French Indochina
First Italo-Ethiopian War (1894-1896) Location: Eritrea and Ethiopia	Ethiopia Support: Russia[12][13][14] France[15][16] Eritrean rebels[17]	Italy Italian Eritrea	Ethiopian victory Treaty of Addis Ababa
Second Madagascar expedition (1894–1895) Location: Madagascar	France	Merina Kingdom	French victory
Boxer Rebellion (1899) Location: North China	France British Empire India Russia Japan Germany United States Italy Austria-Hungary Netherlands Belgium Spain Mutual Protection of Southeast China	Boxers Qing Dynasty	Allied victory Boxer Protocol
Rabih War (1899–1901) Battle of Togbao Battle of Kousséri Location: West Africa	France	Kanem–Bornu Empire	French victory
1904–1905 uprising in Madagascar (1904–1905) Location: Madagascar	France	Rebels	French victory Rebellion suppressed
Ouaddai War (1909–1911) Location: Ouaddai Empire	France	Ouaddai Empire	French victory Annexation of Ouaddai Empire
French conquest of Morocco (1911–1934) Location: North Africa	France Morocco	Zaian Confederation Varying other Berber tribes	French victory
Zaian War (1914–1921) Location: French protectorate of Morocco Battle of El Herri	France Morocco	Zaian Confederation Varying other Berber tribes Supported during the First World War by the Central Powers	French victory
First World War (1914–1918) Location: Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East, the Pacific Islands, and coast of North and South America	Allied Powers France British Empire United Kingdom Canada Newfoundland Australia New Zealand India South Africa Russian Empire United States Italy Japan China Serbia Montenegro Romania Belgium Greece Portugal Brazil	Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria	Allied victory End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers Establishment of the League of Nations
Volta-Bani War (1915–1917) Location: Burkino Faso, Mali	France French West Africa	Marka, Bwa, Lela, Nuni, and Bobo people	French victory
Kaocen revolt (1916–1917) Location: Northern Niger	France French West Africa	Tuareg guerrillas	French victory
Thái Nguyên uprising (1917–1918) Location: Northern Vietnam	France	Vietnamese rebels	French victory Uprising suppressed.
Hungarian-Romanian War (1918–1919) Location: Hungary, and Transylvania	Romania Supported by: France Czechoslovakia	Hungary (until 21 March 1919) Soviet Hungary Supported by: Soviet Russia	Romanian victory
Franco-Turkish War (1918–1921) Location: Cilicia and Upper Mesopotamia	France French Armenian Legion	Grand National Assembly Kuva-yi Milliye	French loss French influence in Anatolia is repelled
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War (1918–1920) Location: Russia, Mongolia, and Iran	White Movement British Empire United Kingdom Canada Australia India South Africa United States France Japan Czechoslovakia Greece Estonia Serbia Italy Poland Romania China	Russian SFSR Far Eastern Republic Latvian SSR Ukrainian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian Communists	Allied withdrawal Allied withdrawal from Russia Bolshevik victory over White Army
Bender Uprising (1919) Location: Tighina, Kingdom of Romania (present day Bender, Moldova)	France Romania	Red Guards Ukrainian SSR	Franco-Romanian victory
Franco-Syrian War (1920) Location: Syria Alawite Revolt of 1919 Hananu Revolt Battle of Maysalun Capture of Damascus (1920)	France French West Africa	Arab Kingdom of Syria Arab militias	French victory Establishment of French Mandate of Syria King Faisal expelled to Mandatory Iraq
Rif War (1920–1927) Location: Morocco	Spain France (1925–1926) Jebala tribes	Republic of the Rif Jebala tribes	Franco-Spanish victory Dissolution of the Republic of the Rif
Occupation of the Ruhr (1923-25) Location: The Ruhr, Germany	France Belgium	Germany	French Military Victory, Political Failure Dawes Plan
Great Syrian Revolt (1925–1927) Location: French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon Damascus in flames as the result of the French air raid on October 18, 1925. Capture of Salkhad Battle of al-Kafr Battle of al-Mazraa Battle of al-Musayfirah 1925 Hama uprising Battle of Rashaya	France Syria Lebanon	Syrian rebels	French victory
Kongo-Wara rebellion (1928–1931) Location: French Equatorial Africa, French Cameroon	France French Equatorial Africa French Cameroon Fula people Co-belligerents: Gbaya chiefdoms	Gbaya people and clans Co-belligerents: Mbum people Mbai people Pana people Yangere people Mbimou people Goundi people	French victory
Yên Bái mutiny (1930) Location: Vietnam	France French Indochina	Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng	French victory Uprising crushed VNQDĐ severely damaged by deaths and arrests, jailings and executions by French authorities[18]
Second World War (1939–1945) Location: Europe, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean, North Africa, Oceania, North and South America	Allied Powers United States Soviet Union United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Brazil Mexico	Axis Powers Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Independent State of Croatia Slovakia Finland Thailand Manchukuo Mengjiang	Allied victory Collapse of the Third Reich Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War

Vichy France (1940–1944)

Conflict	France & its Allies	France's opposition	Outcome
Franco-Thai War (1940–1941) Location: French Indochina Battle of Ko Chang	France French Indochina	Thailand	Indecisive Japanese-mediated ceasefire On Japanese decision, disputed territories in French Indochina ceded by France to Thailand

French Fourth Republic (1946–1958)

Conflict	France & its Allies	France's opposition	Outcome
War in Vietnam (1945–1946) Location: Vietnam	France British Empire Japan Allied captured soldiers.	Việt Minh	Operational success Restoration of French rule in Indochina First Indochina War begins
First Indochina War (1946–1954) Location: French Indochina Battle of Hanoi Battle of Cao Bằng Operation Papillon Operation Lea Operation Ceinture Battle of Đông Khê Battle of Route Coloniale 4 Battle of Vĩnh Yên Battle of Mạo Khê Battle of the Day River Battle of Hòa Bình Operation Lorraine Battle of Nà Sản Operation Bretagne Operation Adolphe Battle of Muong Khoua Operation Camargue Operation Hirondelle Operation Brochet Operation Mouette Operation Castor Battle of Dien Bien Phu Operation Condor Battle of Mang Yang Pass	France French Indochina (1945–1954) Cambodia (1953–1954) Laos (1953–1954) State of Vietnam (1949–1954) Supported by: United States(1950–1954)	Viet Minh Lao Issara (1945–1949) Pathet Lao (1949–1954) Khmer Issarak United Issarak Front (1950–1954) Japanese volunteers Supported by: Soviet Union China (1949–1954) East Germany Poland[19]	French defeat Vietnam is partitioned between North (controlled by the Viet Minh) and South (controlled by the State of Vietnam) Geneva Conference Departure of the French from Indochina State of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia achieve independence
Malagasy Uprising (1947–1948) Location: Madagascar	France	MDRM	French victory Uprising Crushed by French, various participants tried and executed Scars on Malagasy society
Korean War (1950–1953) Location: Korea	South Korea United States United Kingdom Australia Belgium Canada France Philippines Colombia Ethiopia Greece Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand South Africa Thailand Turkey	North Korea China Soviet Union	Ceasefire Ceasefire armistice North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled UN invasion of North Korea repelled Chinese invasion of South Korea repelled Korean Demilitarized Zone established Little territorial change at the 38th parallel border
Algerian War (1954–1962) Location: Algeria Toussaint Rouge Battle of Philippeville Battle of Algiers Battle of Agounennda Operation Jumelles Algiers putsch of 1961 Battle of Bab El Oued	France NATO United Kingdom United States	FLN	Military stalemate FLN political victory Évian Accords Algerian independence
Suez Crisis (1956) Location: Gaza Strip and Egypt (Sinai and Suez Canal zone)	Israel United Kingdom France	Egypt	Coalition military victory Egyptian political victory
Ifni War (1957–1958) Location: Spanish Sahara, Ifni, Morocco French wars since 1958	Spain France	Moroccan Army of Liberation	Franco-Spanish victory

French Fifth Republic (1958–present)

Conflict	France & its Allies	France's opposition	Outcome
Bizerte crisis (1961) Location: Bizerte, Tunisia	France	Tunisia	French victory
Bamileke War (1955-1964) Location: French Cameroon	Before 1960 France French Equatorial Africa[20] After 1960 Cameroon[21] France	UPC	French-Cameroonian victory
Shaba I (1977) Location: Shaba Province, Zaire	France Zaire Morocco Egypt Belgium Supported by: United States China Saudi Arabia Sudan Nigeria	Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC) Supported by: Angola Soviet Union East Germany	Zairian victory
Shaba II (1978) Location: Shaba, Zaire	France Zaire Belgium Morocco United States Supported by China	Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC) Supported by Angola Cuba (alleged) Soviet Union (alleged)	Zairian victory
Western Sahara War (1975-1991) Location: Western Sahara	Morocco Mauritania (1975–1979) France (1977–78) Operation Lamantin, aid from 1978) Supported by: Saudi Arabia United States	Western Sahara Polisario Front Algeria Supported by: Libya (until 1984) North Korea (from 1978)	Inconclusive Spanish withdrawal under the Madrid Accords (1976) Mauritanian retreat and withdrawal of territorial claims
Chadian-Libyan conflict (1978-1987) Location: Chad	Anti-Libyan Chadian factions FAT (1978–79) FAN (1978–83) FANT (1983–87) GUNT (1986–87) France Zaire Nigeria Senegal Supported by: Sudan Egypt Israel Iraq United States	Libya Islamic Legion Pro-Libyan Chadian factions FROLINAT GUNT (1979–86) Codos (1983–86) PLO (1987) Supported by: East Germany Soviet Union	Chadian-French victory Chad gains control of the Aouzou Strip
Gulf War (1990-1991) Location: Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf	Kuwait United States United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Egypt France Syria Morocco Oman Pakistan Canada United Arab Emirates Qatar Thailand Bangladesh Italy Australia Netherlands Niger Philippines Sweden Argentina Senegal Spain Bahrain Belgium Poland South Korea Singapore Norway Czechoslovakia Greece Denmark New Zealand Hungary	Iraq	Coalition victory Iraqi forces expelled from Kuwait Kuwaiti independence restored Destruction of Iraqi and Kuwaiti infrastructure
Djiboutian Civil War (1991-1994) Location: Northern Djibouti	Djibouti Supported by : France	FRUD	Franco-Djiboutian victory FRUD peace accord
Bosnian War (1992-1995) Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnia and Herzegovina Herzeg-Bosnia Croatia Support: NATO	Republika Srpska Serbian Krajina Western Bosnia (from 1993) Support: FR Yugoslavia	Croatian and Bosnian victory
Kosovo War (1998-1999) Location: Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (then part of Serbia	KLA Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	FR Yugoslavia	NATO Victory Kumanovo Treaty
Basque conflict (1959–2011) Location: Basque country	Spain France	Neo-fascist paramilitaries: Spanish Basque Battalion (1975–1981) Anti-Terrorist Liberation Groups (1983–1987)[lower-alpha 21] Anti-Communist Apostolic Alliance (1976–1983) Spanish Armed Groups (1979–1980) Warriors of Christ the King (1968–1980) Spanish National Action (unknown) ETA Anti-Terrorism (1970s) Anti-Marxist Commandos Basque National Liberation Movement: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna Iparretarrak (1972–2000) Iraultza (1982–1996) Autonomous Anti-Capitalist Commandos (late 1970s–1980s) Irrintzi (2005–2009) Kale borroka Hordago (1980s) Euskal Zuzentasuna (1977–1979)	Victory
Corsican conflict (1976–2011) Location: Corsica	France	Corsican nationalist paramilitaries National Liberation Front of Corsica A Cuncolta Naziunalista	Victory
War in Afghanistan (2001–2014) Location: Afghanistan Mission Héraclès French forces in Afghanistan Operation Anaconda Operation Mountain Viper Operation Eagle's Summit Battle of Afghanya Uzbin Valley ambush Battle of Alasay Operation Septentrion Operation Moshtarak	ISAF	Taliban al-Qaeda	Victory Invasion and occupation of Afghanistan Destruction of al-Qaeda and Taliban militant training camps Fall of the Taliban government Establishment of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under the Karzai administration Start of Taliban insurgency Drone Strikes in the tribal areas of Afghanistan and Pakistan Death of Osama bin Laden Death of Mohammed Omar in July 2013 Over two-thirds of al-Qaeda's operatives killed or captured International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) disbanded in December 2014 Commencement of Resolute Support Mission in December 2014
First Ivorian Civil War (2002–2007) Location: Ivory Coast A Forces nouvelles's member caught by the French Foreign Legion in 2004 after a plundering.	Ivory Coast Young Patriots of Abidjan militia Liberian mercenaries Supported by: Russia Bulgaria Belarus France UNOIC	Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire	Victory
Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) Location: Maghreb, Sahara desert, Sahel Operation Barkhane	Algeria Mauritania Tunisia Libya Mali Niger Chad France	al-Qaeda	Ongoing
Haitian coup d'état (2004) Location: Haiti	National Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Haiti MINUSTAH United States Chile Canada France	Republic of Haiti	Victory
Chadian Civil War (2005–2010) Location: Chad	Chad France NMRD JEM	Rebels Janjaweed Alleged support: Sudan (until 2010)	Victory
War in Somalia (2009–present) Location: Somalia Operation Atalanta Operation Linda Nchi Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt	Somalia United States European Union	Al-Qaeda	Ongoing
Boko Haram insurgency (2009–present) Location: Northeast Nigeria	Nigeria Cameroon Chad Niger Supported by: Benin Canada China France Iran Israel Italy Spain United Kingdom United States	Boko Haram	Ongoing
Second Ivorian Civil War (2010–2011) Location: Ivory Coast	New Forces Liberian mercenaries RDR UNOCI France	Military of Ivory Coast Liberian mercenaries Young Patriots of Abidjan Ivorian Popular Front	Victory
Libyan Civil War (2011) Location: Libya Part of a group of six, Italian-built, Palmaria self-propelled howitzers of the Gaddafi regime's forces, destroyed by French Rafale airplanes at the west-southern outskirts of Benghazi, Libya, in Opération Harmattan on March 19, 2011. Opération Harmattan Operation Unified Protector	NATO Belgium Bulgaria Canada Denmark France Greece Italy Netherlands Norway Romania Spain United Kingdom United States	Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Armed Forces Pro-Gaddafi militia Foreign mercenaries	Victory Overthrow of the Gaddafi regime Continuation of Libyan Crisis Escalation of interfactional violence Which led to beginning of Second Libyan Civil War Rise of ISIL in Libya
Northern Mali Conflict (2012–present) Location: Northern Mali Opération Serval	Government of Mali Military of Mali France ECOWAS	National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) Islamic Movement of Azawad	Ongoing
Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present) Location: Central African Republic French soldiers as part of Operation Sangaris, authorized in late 2013. Opération Sangaris	Central African Republic MINUSCA (since 2014) MISCA (2013–2014) MICOPAX (2013) France (2013–16) South Africa (2012–13) EUFOR RCA (2014–15)	FPRC UPC MPC	Ongoing
Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017) Location: Iraq Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014) Siege of Amirli Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014) Battle of Zumar Battle of Suq al Ghazi Battle of Ramadi (2014–15) Battle of Baiji (2014–15) Second Battle of Tikrit (March–April 2015) Al-Karmah offensive (2015)	Iraq CJTF–OIR United States France United Kingdom Netherlands Australia Jordan Denmark	Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant	Ongoing
Opération Chammal (2014–present) Location: Iraq, Syria, Libya French Dassault Rafale of Squadron 11F prepares to land on USS Carl Vinson. Carl Vinson is deployed as part of maritime security operations and strike operations in Iraq and Syria.	France	Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Syria	Ongoing French airstrikes on ISIL in Iraq and Syria ISIL ground attacks on French special forces repelled

Wars France was not involved in but provided support (Material, Political, Advisory etc)

Conflict	Supported by France	Opposed by France	Outcome
Byzantine–Norman wars (1040-1189) Location: Italy	Norman Sicily	Byzantine Empire	Norman Victory
Breton–Norman War (1064-1066) Location: Normandy and Brittany	Duchy of Normandy Anglo-Saxon England	Duchy of Brittany	Norman Victory
Norman conquest of England Location: England	Duchy of Normandy	Anglo-Saxon England	Norman Conquest of England
Gunboat War (1807-1814) Location: Danish–Norwegian waters	Denmark–Norway Co-belligerent: Russian Empire (1808–09) Supported by: French Empire[22]	United Kingdom Co-belligerent: Sweden (1809, 1813-1814)	British victory Treaty of Kiel Dissolution of Denmark–Norway Norway adopts a new Constitution Norwegian War of Independence
Dano-Swedish War of 1808–09 (1808-1809) Location: Scandinavia	Denmark–Norway Co-belligerent: Russian Empire Supported by: French Empire	Sweden Co-belligerent: United Kingdom	Inconclusive Treaty of Jönköping
Finnish War (1808-1809) Location: Finland and Sweden	Russian Empire Co-belligerent: Denmark–Norway Supported by: French Empire	Sweden Supported by: United Kingdom	Russian victory Treaty of Fredrikshamn
Second Egyptian-Ottoman War (1839-1841) Location: The Levant	Eyalet of Egypt Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain	Ottoman Empire British Empire Austrian Empire Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia	Ottoman victory Egypt renounces claim on Syria, Britain recognizes Muhammad Ali and his descendants as the legitimate rulers of Egypt
Expedition of the Thousand (1860-61) Location: Sicily and Southern Italy	Two Sicilies Supported by Papal States France Spain	Sardinia Supported by United Kingdom	Unification Victory
Boshin War (1868-69) French military mission to Japan (1867–68) Location: Japan	1869 Republic of Ezo Supported by: France Kingdom of Prussia	1869 Empire of Japan Supported by: United Kingdom United States	Imperial Victory End of the Shogunate in Japan
German Revolution of 1918-1919 (1918-1919) Location: German Empire	1918–1919: Weimar Republic Reichswehr Freikorps Der Stahlhelm Social Democratic Party of Germany Supported by: France	FSR Germany Supported by: Russian SFSR	Weimar victory
Polish-Soviet War (1919–1921) Location: Central and Eastern Europe	Poland Belarusian PR Latvia[lower-alpha 22] Ukrainian PR[lower-alpha 23] Supported By: France Hungary Romania Russian Whites United Kingdom[lower-alpha 24] United States[lower-alpha 24]	Russian SFSR Byelorussian SSR Polrewkom Ukrainian SSR Logistical support: Lithuania	Polish victory
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Location: Spain, Morocco, Western Sahara, North Sea and Guinea	Republicans Ejército Popular Popular Front UGT CNT-FAI Generalitat de Catalunya Euzko Gudarostea[lower-alpha 25] International Brigades Supported by: Soviet Union Mexico France (1936) Foreign volunteers	Nationalists FET y de las JONS[lower-alpha 26] FE de las JONS[lower-alpha 27] Requetés/CT[lower-alpha 27] CEDA[lower-alpha 27] Renovación Española[lower-alpha 27] Army of Africa Italy Germany Supported by: Portugal Holy See (Diplomatic) Foreign volunteers	Nationalist Victory
Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) Location: Nigeria	Biafra Republic of Benin (1967) Supported By: France China[23] West Germany[24] Israel (after 1968)[25] Portugal[26][27][28] Spain[27][29] Vatican City (alleged)[29][30][31] South Africa Rhodesia[32] Haiti[24] Gabon[24] Ivory Coast[24] Tanzania[33][34][35] Czechoslovakia (until 1968)[36]	Nigeria Supported By: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States[37] Israel (until 1968)[38] Bulgaria[39] Ethiopia[40] Senegal Somalia Sierra Leone Cameroon Niger Congo-Kinshasa[41][42] Algeria[43] Syria Saudi Arabia[44]	Nigerian victory Biafra rejoins Nigeria
Angolan Civil War (1975-2002) Location: Angola	UNITA FNLA (1975–1978) South Africa(1975–1991) Zaire(1975) Supported By United States (1975–1991) Morocco (1970s) China (1975) FLEC Material support: France	MPLA Cuba(1975–1991) SWAPO (1975–1991) ANC(1975–1991) Executive Outcomes (1993–1995) FLNC (1975–2001) Namibia (2001-2002) Material support: Soviet Union (1975-1991) Yugoslavia (1975–1991) North Korea (1980s)	MPLA Victory

Civil Wars and Revolutions

Conflict	French Government	Rebels	Outcome
French Revolution (1789-1793) Location: France	Kingdom of France	Revolutionairies Jacobin Girondins Sans-culottes	French Republican victory, Execution of Louis XVI
War in the Vendée (1793-1796) Location: Western France	French Republic: Armée de l'Ouest Republican Vendeans Local National Guards	French Royalists: Catholic and Royal Army Royalist Vendeans Chouans Émigrés Supported by: Great Britain	French Republican victory
June Rebellion (1832) Location: Paris, France	France	Republicans	Orléanist victory, rebellion crushed
French Revolution of 1848 (1848) Location: Paris, France	France Supported by: United Kingdom	Republicans Socialists	French Government defeat July Monarchy abolished, Second Republic established
June Days uprising (1848) Location: France	France	Insurgents	Uprising Crushed New constitution adopted from the provisional government
Paris Commune (1871) Location: Paris	French Republic	Communards National Guards	Government Victory

Notes

Fought against England during Despenser's Crusade.
Fought with England during the Caroline War.
Fought with England during Despenser's Crusade.
Reconciled with the Emperor and switched sides in the Peace of Prague (1635).
The French Revolutionary Army overthrew the Dutch Republic and established the Batavian Republic as a puppet state in its place.
Formed in French-allied Italy in 1797, following the abolition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Third Partition in 1795.
Re-entered the war as an ally of France after signing the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso.
Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other House of Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and Liechtenstein
Left the war after signing the Peace of Leoben with France.
Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.
Left the war after signing the Treaty of Paris with France.
Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.
Abolished following the restoration of the neutral Papal States in 1799.
Short lived state that replaced the Kingdom of Naples in 1799.
Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.
From 1854
From 1855
Until 1855
Until 1854
The Anti-Terrorist Liberation Groups (GAL) was supported by some officials of the Spanish government, most notably José Barrionuevo.
Battle of Daugavpils
After 1920
Volunteers
From 1936 until it surrendered in 1937 to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie in the Santoña Agreement.
The only party under Francisco Franco from 1937 onward, a merger of the other factions on the Nationalist side.
1936–1937, then merged into FET y de las JONS

References

The Crusades and the military orders: expanding the frontiers of latin christianity; Zsolt Hunyadi page 226
Valerii︠a︡ Fol, Bulgaria: History Retold in Brief, (Riga, 1999), 103.
Alexandru Madgearu, The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins, ed. Martin Gordon, (Scarecrow Press, 2008), 90.
"into line with army of Gabriel Bethlen in 1620." Ágnes Várkonyi: Age of the Reforms, Magyar Könyvklub publisher, 1999. ISBN 963-547-070-3
Croxton, pp. 225–226.
"Belgian Corps 1832-35 in Portugal's Liberal Wars". Retrieved 17 February 2013.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Rome-1849
Brown 1976, p. 239.
Brown 1976, p. 240.
Robert Ryal Miller (1961). "The American Legion of Honor in Mexico". Pacific Historical Review. Berkeley, California, United States: University of California Press. 30 (3). ISSN 0030-8684. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
"The activities of the officer the Kuban Cossack army N. S. Leontjev in the Italian-Ethiopic war in 1895–1896".
Richard, Pankhurst. "Ethiopia's Historic Quest for Medicine, 6". The Pankhurst History Library. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03.
Patman 2009, pp. 27–30
"Soviet Appeasement, Collective Security, and the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935 and 1936". libcom.org.
Thomas Wilson, Edward (1974). Russia and Black Africa Before World War II. New York. p. 57-58.
Haggai, Erlich (1997). Ras Alula and the scramble for Africa – a political biography: Ethiopia and Eritrea 1875–1897. African World Press.
Rettig, pp. 316–317.
Radvanyi, Janos (1980). "Vietnam War Diplomacy: Reflections of a Former Iron Curtain Official" (PDF). Paramaters: Journal of the US Army War College. Carlise Barracks, Pennsylvania. 10 (3): 8–15.
Teretta 2013, pp. 178-179.
"Cameroon - Moving toward independence | history - geography". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
Olesen, Jens E. (2008). "Schwedisch-Pommern in der schwedischen Politik nach 1806". In North, Michael; Riemer, Robert. Das Ende des Alten Reiches im Ostseeraum. Wahrnehmungen und Transformationen (in German). Böhlau. pp. 289. ISBN 3-412-20108-1.
Diamond, Stanley (2007). "Who Killed Biafra?". Dialectical Anthropology. 31 (1/3): 339–362. doi:10.1007/s10624-007-9014-9. JSTOR 29790795. S2CID 144828601.
"Biafran Airlift: Israel's Secret Mission to Save Lives." Press, Eitan. United With Israel. www.unitedwithisrael.org Published 13 October 2013. Accessed 13 January 2017.
Genocide and the Europeans, 2010, p. 71.
There's A Riot Going On: Revolutionaries, Rock Stars, and the Rise and Fall of '60s Counter-Culture, 2007. Page 213.
The USSR in Third World Conflicts: Soviet Arms and Diplomacy in Local Wars 1945–1980, 1986, p. 91.
Hurst, Ryan (21 June 2009). "Republic of Biafra (1967–1970)".
"NIGERIAN REJECTS HELP FROM GROUPS THAT AIDED BIAFRA".
"ASM_35_129.pdf - Page 138" (PDF).
Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), p. 122. "Starting in October 1967, there were also direct Czech arms flights, by a network of pilots led by Jack Malloch, a Rhodesian in contact with Houphouët-Boigny and Mauricheau-Beupré."
Malcolm MacDonald: Bringing an End to Empire, 1995, p. 416.
Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria, 2001, p. 54.
Africa 1960–1970: Chronicle and Analysis, 2009, p. 423.
Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (25 October 2005). "Nigerian Civil War". 2001-2009.state.gov.
"Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra Civil War, 1967–1970".
Nigeria Since Independence: The First Twenty-five Years : International Relations, 1980. Page 204
Sadleman, Stephen (2000). The Ties That Divide. p. 86. ISBN 9780231122290. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Stearns, Jason K. Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa (2011), p. 115.
Wrong, Michela. In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo (2000), p. 266.
Biafra Revisited, 2006. Page 5.
Spencer C. Tucker, The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts that Changed World History, (ISBN 9781440842948)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Fought against England during Despenser's Crusade.

[2] Fought with England during the Caroline War.

[3] Fought with England during Despenser's Crusade.

[Peace_of_Prague-9] Reconciled with the Emperor and switched sides in the Peace of Prague (1635).

[11] The French Revolutionary Army overthrew the Dutch Republic and established the Batavian Republic as a puppet state in its place.

[12] Formed in French-allied Italy in 1797, following the abolition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Third Partition in 1795.

[13] Re-entered the war as an ally of France after signing the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso.

[14] Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other House of Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and Liechtenstein

[15] Left the war after signing the Peace of Leoben with France.

[16] Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.

[17] Left the war after signing the Treaty of Paris with France.

[18] Left the war after signing the Peace of Basel with France.

[19] Abolished following the restoration of the neutral Papal States in 1799.

[20] Short lived state that replaced the Kingdom of Naples in 1799.

[21] Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchy of Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other Habsburg states such as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

[22] Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.

[from1854-27] From 1854

[from1855-28] From 1855

[until1855-29] Until 1855

[until1854-30] Until 1854

[42] The Anti-Terrorist Liberation Groups (GAL) was supported by some officials of the Spanish government, most notably José Barrionuevo.

[Latvia-44] Battle of Daugavpils

[UPR-45] After 1920

[Volunteers-46] Volunteers

[Basque-47] From 1936 until it surrendered in 1937 to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie in the Santoña Agreement.

[FetJons-48] The only party under Francisco Franco from 1937 onward, a merger of the other factions on the Nationalist side.

[Natmerge-49] 1936–1937, then merged into FET y de las JONS

[Hunyadi-5] The Crusades and the military orders: expanding the frontiers of latin christianity; Zsolt Hunyadi page 226

[6] Valerii︠a︡ Fol, Bulgaria: History Retold in Brief, (Riga, 1999), 103.

[Madgearu90-7] Alexandru Madgearu, The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins, ed. Martin Gordon, (Scarecrow Press, 2008), 90.

[8] "into line with army of Gabriel Bethlen in 1620." Ágnes Várkonyi: Age of the Reforms, Magyar Könyvklub publisher, 1999. ISBN 963-547-070-3

[FOOTNOTECroxton225–226[[Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations]][[Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_December_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include|<span_title="A_complete_citation_is_needed&#32;(December_2020)">full_citation_needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-10] Croxton, pp. 225–226.

[23] "Belgian Corps 1832-35 in Portugal's Liberal Wars". Retrieved 17 February 2013.

[24] ttps://www.britannica.com/event/Siege-of-Rome-1849

[FOOTNOTEBrown1976239[[Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations]][[Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_December_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include|<span_title="A_complete_citation_is_needed&#32;(December_2020)">full_citation_needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-25] Brown 1976, p. 239.

[FOOTNOTEBrown1976240[[Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations]][[Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_December_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include|<span_title="A_complete_citation_is_needed&#32;(December_2020)">full_citation_needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-26] Brown 1976, p. 240.

[31] Robert Ryal Miller (1961). "The American Legion of Honor in Mexico". Pacific Historical Review. Berkeley, California, United States: University of California Press. 30 (3). ISSN 0030-8684. Retrieved 13 June 2012.

[auto1-32] "The activities of the officer the Kuban Cossack army N. S. Leontjev in the Italian-Ethiopic war in 1895–1896".

[auto-33] Richard, Pankhurst. "Ethiopia's Historic Quest for Medicine, 6". The Pankhurst History Library. Archived from the original on 2011-10-03.

[Robert_G._Patman_2009-34] Patman 2009, pp. 27–30

[35] "Soviet Appeasement, Collective Security, and the Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935 and 1936". libcom.org.

[36] Thomas Wilson, Edward (1974). Russia and Black Africa Before World War II. New York. p. 57-58.

[37] Haggai, Erlich (1997). Ras Alula and the scramble for Africa – a political biography: Ethiopia and Eritrea 1875–1897. African World Press.

[r3167-38] Rettig, pp. 316–317.

[39] Radvanyi, Janos (1980). "Vietnam War Diplomacy: Reflections of a Former Iron Curtain Official" (PDF). Paramaters: Journal of the US Army War College. Carlise Barracks, Pennsylvania. 10 (3): 8–15.

[FOOTNOTETeretta2013178-179-40] Teretta 2013, pp. 178-179.

[britannica-41] "Cameroon - Moving toward independence | history - geography". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 30 April 2018.

[43] Olesen, Jens E. (2008). "Schwedisch-Pommern in der schwedischen Politik nach 1806". In North, Michael; Riemer, Robert. Das Ende des Alten Reiches im Ostseeraum. Wahrnehmungen und Transformationen (in German). Böhlau. pp. 289. ISBN 3-412-20108-1.

[whokilledbiafra-50] Diamond, Stanley (2007). "Who Killed Biafra?". Dialectical Anthropology. 31 (1/3): 339–362. doi:10.1007/s10624-007-9014-9. JSTOR 29790795. S2CID 144828601.

[52] "Biafran Airlift: Israel's Secret Mission to Save Lives." Press, Eitan. United With Israel. www.unitedwithisrael.org Published 13 October 2013. Accessed 13 January 2017.

[53] Genocide and the Europeans, 2010, p. 71.

[There_2007._Page_213-54] There's A Riot Going On: Revolutionaries, Rock Stars, and the Rise and Fall of '60s Counter-Culture, 2007. Page 213.

[55] The USSR in Third World Conflicts: Soviet Arms and Diplomacy in Local Wars 1945–1980, 1986, p. 91.

[blackpast-56] Hurst, Ryan (21 June 2009). "Republic of Biafra (1967–1970)".

[nytimes-57] "NIGERIAN REJECTS HELP FROM GROUPS THAT AIDED BIAFRA".

[repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp-58] "ASM_35_129.pdf - Page 138" (PDF).

[59] Griffin, "French military policy in the Nigerian Civil War" (2015), p. 122. "Starting in October 1967, there were also direct Czech arms flights, by a network of pilots led by Jack Malloch, a Rhodesian in contact with Houphouët-Boigny and Mauricheau-Beupré."

[60] Malcolm MacDonald: Bringing an End to Empire, 1995, p. 416.

[61] Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria, 2001, p. 54.

[62] Africa 1960–1970: Chronicle and Analysis, 2009, p. 423.

[64] Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs (25 October 2005). "Nigerian Civil War". 2001-2009.state.gov.

[65] "Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra Civil War, 1967–1970".

[66] Nigeria Since Independence: The First Twenty-five Years : International Relations, 1980. Page 204

[67] Sadleman, Stephen (2000). The Ties That Divide. p. 86. ISBN 9780231122290. Retrieved 8 June 2018.

[68] Stearns, Jason K. Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa (2011), p. 115.

[69] Wrong, Michela. In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo (2000), p. 266.

[70] Biafra Revisited, 2006. Page 5.

[71] Spencer C. Tucker, The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts that Changed World History, (ISBN 9781440842948)

Lists of wars involving European countries
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard